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Consonni F, Moreno S, Vinuales Colell B, Stolzenberg MC, Fernandes A, Parisot M, Masson C, Neveux N, Rosain J, Bamberger S, Vigue MG, Malphettes M, Quartier P, Picard C, Rieux-Laucat F, Magerus A. Study of the potential role of CASPASE-10 mutations in the development of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:315. [PMID: 38704374 PMCID: PMC11069523 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a primary disorder of lymphocyte homeostasis, leading to chronic lymphoproliferation, autoimmune cytopenia, and increased risk of lymphoma. The genetic landscape of ALPS includes mutations in FAS, FASLG, and FADD, all associated with apoptosis deficiency, while the role of CASP10 defect in the disease remains debated. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of CASP10 variants on ALPS pathogenesis. We benefit from thousands of genetic analysis datasets performed in our Institute's genetic platform to identify individuals carrying CASP10 variants previously suspected to be involved in ALPS outcome: p.C401LfsX15, p.V410I and p.Y446C, both at heterozygous and homozygous state. Clinical and laboratory features of the six included subjects were variable but not consistent with ALPS. Two individuals were healthy. Comprehensive analyses of CASP10 protein expression and FAS-mediated apoptosis were conducted and compared to healthy controls and ALPS patients with FAS mutations. Missense CASP10 variants (p.V410I and p.Y446C), which are common in the general population, did not disrupt CASP10 expression, nor FAS-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, homozygous p.C401LfsX15 CASP10 variant lead to a complete abolished CASP10 expression but had no impact on FAS-mediated apoptosis function. At heterozygous state, this p.C401LfsX15 variant lead to a reduced CASP10 protein levels but remained associated with a normal FAS-mediated apoptosis function. These findings demonstrate that CASPASE 10 is dispensable for FAS-mediated apoptosis. In consequences, CASP10 defect unlikely contribute to ALPS pathogenesis, since they did not result in an impairment of FAS-mediated apoptosis nor in clinical features of ALPS in human. Moreover, the absence of FAS expression up-regulation in subjects with CASP10 variants rule out any compensatory mechanisms possibly involved in the normal apoptosis function observed. In conclusion, this study challenges the notion that CASP10 variants contribute to the development of ALPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Consonni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centre of Excellence, Division of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Solange Moreno
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Blanca Vinuales Colell
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Stolzenberg
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Fernandes
- Plateforme Vecteurs Viraux et Transfert de Gènes, SFR Necker, INSERM US 24/CNRS UAR 3633, Faculté de santé Necker, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Masson
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Paris-Cité University-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Neveux
- Laboratory of Biological Nutrition, EA 4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris University, Paris, France
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
- Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Sarah Bamberger
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Robert-Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Vigue
- Pediatrics, Infectiology, Rhumatology, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Malphettes
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Quartier
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
- Pediatric immuno-hematology and rheumatology department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Pediatric immuno-hematology and rheumatology department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Aude Magerus
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.
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2
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Devi S, Indramohan M, Jäger E, Carriere J, Chu LH, de Almeida L, Greaves DR, Stehlik C, Dorfleutner A. CARD-only proteins regulate in vivo inflammasome responses and ameliorate gout. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112265. [PMID: 36930645 PMCID: PMC10151391 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are crucial for controlling infections and initiating tissue repair. However, excessive and uncontrolled inflammation causes inflammatory disease. Processing and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 depend on caspase-1 activation within inflammasomes. Assembly of inflammasomes is initiated upon activation of cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), followed by sequential polymerization of pyrin domain (PYD)-containing and caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing proteins mediated by homotypic PYD and CARD interactions. Small PYD- or CARD-only proteins (POPs and COPs, respectively) evolved in higher primates to target these crucial interactions to limit inflammation. Here, we show the ability of COPs to regulate inflammasome activation by modulating homotypic CARD-CARD interactions in vitro and in vivo. CARD16, CARD17, and CARD18 displace crucial CARD interactions between caspase-1 proteins through competitive binding and ameliorate uric acid crystal-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory disease. COPs therefore represent an important family of inflammasome regulators and ameliorate inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Devi
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mohanalaxmi Indramohan
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Elisabeth Jäger
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jessica Carriere
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lan H Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lucia de Almeida
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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3
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Jha D, Bakker ENTP, Kumar R. Mechanistic and therapeutic role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 36802053 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has emerged as the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Several pathological hallmarks have been identified, including neuroinflammation. A comprehensive insight into the underlying mechanisms that can fuel the development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary because of the alarmingly rapid increase in the frequency of incidence. Recently, NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as a critical mediator of neuroinflammation. Activation of nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, impaired autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress, triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. Subsequently, these cytokines can promote neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. It is well established that genetic or pharmacological ablation of NLRP3 alleviates AD-related pathological features in in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, several synthetic and natural compounds have been identified that exhibit the potential to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviate AD-associated pathology. The current review article will highlight the various mechanisms by which activation of NLRP3 inflammation occurs during Alzheimer's disease, and how it influences neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Moreover, we will summarise the different small molecules that possess the potential to inhibit NLRP3 and can pave the path for developing novel therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanshree Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Gangopadhyay A, Devi S, Tenguria S, Carriere J, Nguyen H, Jäger E, Khatri H, Chu LH, Ratsimandresy RA, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C. NLRP3 licenses NLRP11 for inflammasome activation in human macrophages. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:892-903. [PMID: 35624206 PMCID: PMC9174058 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular sensing of stress and danger signals initiates inflammatory innate immune responses by triggering inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation and pyroptotic cell death as well as the release of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-18 and danger signals. NLRP3 broadly senses infectious patterns and sterile danger signals, resulting in the tightly coordinated and regulated assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome, but the precise mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we identified NLRP11 as an essential component of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages. NLRP11 interacted with NLRP3 and ASC, and deletion of NLRP11 specifically prevented NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing inflammasome assembly, NLRP3 and ASC polymerization, caspase-1 activation, pyroptosis and cytokine release but did not affect other inflammasomes. Restored expression of NLRP11, but not NLRP11 lacking the PYRIN domain (PYD), restored inflammasome activation. NLRP11 was also necessary for inflammasome responses driven by NLRP3 mutations that cause cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Because NLRP11 is not expressed in mice, our observations emphasize the specific complexity of inflammasome regulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Gangopadhyay
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Synthekine, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Savita Devi
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shivendra Tenguria
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Carriere
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Jäger
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hemisha Khatri
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lan H Chu
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rojo A Ratsimandresy
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Soto-Gamez A, Wang Y, Zhou X, Seras L, Quax W, Demaria M. Enhanced extrinsic apoptosis of therapy-induced senescent cancer cells using a death receptor 5 (DR5) selective agonist. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:67-75. [PMID: 34728311 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic agents are widely used anti-cancer therapies because of their ability to interfere with highly proliferative cells. An important outcome of these interventions is the induction of a state of permanent arrest also known as cellular senescence. However, senescent cancer cells are characterized by genomic instability and are at risk of escaping the growth arrest to eventually facilitate cancer relapse. The tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) signals extrinsic apoptosis via Death Receptors (DR) 4 and 5, while Decoy Receptors (DcR) 1 and 2, and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) are homologous to death receptors but incapable of transducing an apoptotic signal. The use of recombinant TRAIL as an anti-cancer strategy in combination with chemotherapy is currently in development, and a major question remains whether senescent cancer cells respond to TRAIL. Here, we show variable sensitivity of cancer cells to TRAIL after senescence induction, and upregulation of both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic receptors in therapy-induced senescent cancer cells. A DR5-selective TRAIL variant (DHER), unable to bind to DcR1 or OPG, was more effective in inducing apoptosis of senescent cancer cells compared to wild-type TRAIL. Importantly, no apoptosis induction was observed in non-cancerous cells, even at the highest concentrations tested. Our results suggest that targeting DR5 can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for the elimination of therapy-induced senescent cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Soto-Gamez
- European Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands; University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yizhou Wang
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lorina Seras
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim Quax
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands.
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6
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Wang S, Bai J. Functions and roles of IFIX, a member of the human HIN-200 family, in human diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:771-780. [PMID: 35039991 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyrin and hematopoietic expression, interferon-inducible nature, and nuclear localization (HIN) domain family member 1 (PYHIN1), also known as IFIX, belongs to the family of pyrin proteins. This family includes structurally and functionally related mouse (e.g., p202, p203, and p204 proteins) and human (e.g., the interferon-inducible protein 16, absent in melanoma 2 protein, myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen, and pyrin and HIN domain family 1 or IFIX) proteins. The IFIX protein belongs to the HIN-200 family of interferon-inducible proteins that have a 200-amino acid signature motif at their C-termini. The increased expression of pyrin proteins in most cell types inhibits cell cycle control and modulates cell survival. Consistent with this role for pyrin proteins, IFIX is a potential antiviral DNA sensor that is essential for immune responses, the detection of viral DNA in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and the binding of foreign DNA via its HIN domain in a sequence non-specific manner. By promoting the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MDM2, IFIX acts as a tumor suppressor, thereby leading to p53/TP53 stabilization, HDAC1 regulation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and tumor-cell-specific silencing of the maspin gene. These data demonstrate that the potential molecular mechanism(s) underlying the action of the IFIX protein might be associated with the development of human diseases, such as viral infections, malignant tumors, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current insights into IFIX functions and how its regulation affects the outcomes of various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Mondal S, Bandyopadhyay A. Bisphenol A and male murine reproductive system: finding a link between plasticizer and compromised health. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:241-252. [PMID: 34320211 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of male infertility is rising at an alarming rate affecting the lives of millions in terms of physical, emotional and societal perspectives. Among several existing endocrine disrupting chemicals, bisphenol A (BPA) has been reported by many to inflict male reproductive toxicity in different experimental models, especially in mice. This review article critically discusses the overall reproductive toxicity of BPA with a special note to its ubiquitous existence, contamination route, effects on the reproductive system and toxicity mechanisms in male mice. Disturbed redox status in germ cells and spermatozoa plays a pivotal role in BPA induced male reproductive toxicity. In this context, the involvement of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum is also of grave importance. Induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis is the extreme consequence that leads to deterioration of cellular parameters. Besides the oxidative cellular and histoarchitectural damages, perturbed endocrine regulation, subsequent impaired hormonal and cellular genesis program, epigenetic alterations and inflammation cumulatively reflect poor sperm quality leading to compromised reproduction. Moreover, several key issues have also been highlighted that, if addressed, will strengthen our understanding of BPA mediated male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsha Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Govt College Dhimarkheda (Rani Durgawati Vishwavidyalaya), Madhya Pradesh, Katni, 483332, India
| | - Arindam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Zoology, Govt Shyam Sundar Agrawal College (Rani Durgawati Vishwavidyalaya), Madhya Pradesh, Sihora, Jabalpur, 483225, India
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Abstract
Cardio-Oncology has blossomed as a new field in cardiovascular medicine, in large part due to new therapies, which may have cardiovascular sequelae. Despite this, anthracyclines still serve as cornerstone therapy for most pediatric cancers, several solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Cardiotoxicity is the main limiting concern with anthracyclines, and this is particularly an issue in patients in extremes of age (both young and old patients). Pediatric hearts are susceptible for cardiotoxicity, while in older patients, concomitant risk factors may contribute to lower threshold for cardiotoxic effects. With increasing patient survival, a significant increase in elderly cancer patients and long-term cardiotoxicity effects of anthracyclines, a better mechanistic understanding of age-dependent processes-that define cardiotoxicity-is needed. This review sheds light on how age affects underlying molecular pathways of anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity and aims to provide preventive strategies that can be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elles M Screever
- Department of Medicine, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wouter C Meijers
- Department of Medicine, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Javid J Moslehi
- Department of Medicine, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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9
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Myeloid Cell Nuclear Differentiation Antigen (MNDA) Positivity in Primary Follicles: Potential Pitfall in the Differential Diagnosis With Marginal Zone Lymphoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 28:384-388. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Caspase-1 inhibition alleviates cognitive impairment and neuropathology in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3916. [PMID: 30254377 PMCID: PMC6156230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intractable progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and dementia. An inflammatory neurodegenerative pathway, involving Caspase-1 activation, is associated with human age-dependent cognitive impairment and several classical AD brain pathologies. Here, we show that the nontoxic and blood-brain barrier permeable small molecule Caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 dose-dependently reverses episodic and spatial memory impairment, and hyperactivity in the J20 mouse model of AD. Cessation of VX-765 results in the reappearance of memory deficits in the mice after 1 month and recommencement of treatment re-establishes normal cognition. VX-765 prevents progressive amyloid beta peptide deposition, reverses brain inflammation, and normalizes synaptophysin protein levels in mouse hippocampus. Consistent with these findings, Caspase-1 null J20 mice are protected from episodic and spatial memory deficits, neuroinflammation and Aβ accumulation. These results provide in vivo proof of concept for Caspase-1 inhibition against AD cognitive deficits and pathologies.
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11
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Veras PST, Ramos PIP, de Menezes JPB. In Search of Biomarkers for Pathogenesis and Control of Leishmaniasis by Global Analyses of Leishmania-Infected Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:326. [PMID: 30283744 PMCID: PMC6157484 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne, neglected tropical disease with a worldwide distribution that can present in a variety of clinical forms, depending on the parasite species and host genetic background. The pathogenesis of this disease remains far from being elucidated because the involvement of a complex immune response orchestrated by host cells significantly affects the clinical outcome. Among these cells, macrophages are the main host cells, produce cytokines and chemokines, thereby triggering events that contribute to the mediation of the host immune response and, subsequently, to the establishment of infection or, alternatively, disease control. There has been relatively limited commercial interest in developing new pharmaceutical compounds to treat leishmaniasis. Moreover, advances in the understanding of the underlying biology of Leishmania spp. have not translated into the development of effective new chemotherapeutic compounds. As a result, biomarkers as surrogate disease endpoints present several potential advantages to be used in the identification of targets capable of facilitating therapeutic interventions considered to ameliorate disease outcome. More recently, large-scale genomic and proteomic analyses have allowed the identification and characterization of the pathways involved in the infection process in both parasites and the host, and these analyses have been shown to be more effective than studying individual molecules to elucidate disease pathogenesis. RNA-seq and proteomics are large-scale approaches that characterize genes or proteins in a given cell line, tissue, or organism to provide a global and more integrated view of the myriad biological processes that occur within a cell than focusing on an individual gene or protein. Bioinformatics provides us with the means to computationally analyze and integrate the large volumes of data generated by high-throughput sequencing approaches. The integration of genomic expression and proteomic data offers a rich multi-dimensional analysis, despite the inherent technical and statistical challenges. We propose that these types of global analyses facilitate the identification, among a large number of genes and proteins, those that hold potential as biomarkers. The present review focuses on large-scale studies that have identified and evaluated relevant biomarkers in macrophages in response to Leishmania infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,National Institute of Tropical Disease, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ivan Pereira Ramos
- Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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12
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Indramohan M, Stehlik C, Dorfleutner A. COPs and POPs Patrol Inflammasome Activation. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:153-173. [PMID: 29024695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sensing and responding to pathogens and tissue damage is a core mechanism of innate immune host defense, and inflammasomes represent a central cytosolic pattern recognition receptor pathway leading to the generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and pyroptotic cell death that causes the subsequent release of danger signals to propagate and perpetuate inflammatory responses. While inflammasome activation is essential for host defense, deregulated inflammasome responses and excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and danger signals are linked to an increasing spectrum of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss recent developments in elucidating the role of PYRIN domain-only proteins (POPs) and the related CARD-only proteins (COPs) in regulating inflammasome responses and their impact on inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanalaxmi Indramohan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center and Skin Disease Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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13
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Apoptosis in inner ear sensory hair cells. J Otol 2017; 12:151-164. [PMID: 29937851 PMCID: PMC6002637 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or controlled cell death, is a normal part of cellular lifespan. Cell death of cochlear hair cells causes deafness; an apoptotic process that is not well understood. Worldwide, 1.3 billion humans suffer some form of hearing loss, while 360 million suffer debilitating hearing loss as a direct result of the absence of these cochlear hair cells (Worldwide Hearing, 2014). Much is known about apoptosis in other systems and in other cell types thanks to studies done since the mid-20th century. Here we review current literature on apoptosis in general, and causes of deafness and cochlear hair cells loss as a result of apoptosis. The family of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl) proteins are among the most studied and characterized. We will review current literature on the Bcl2 and Bcl6 protein interactions in relation to apoptosis and their possible roles in vulnerability and survival of cochlear hair cells.
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14
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Shao QH, Zhang XL, Yang PF, Yuan YH, Chen NH. Amyloidogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:155-160. [PMID: 28595078 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been shown as an essential factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. Furthermore, activated microglia and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines are the major hallmarks in neurodegenerative diseases. A multimolecular complex named as inflammasome is involved in the process of inflammatory response, which can activate inflammatory caspases, leading to the cleavage and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and finally generates a potent inflammatory response. In neurodegenerative diseases, it has been widely assumed that some types of amyloid proteins might be the triggers to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we summarize the current researches about the role of NLRP3 inflammasome, by reviewing the main studies in vitro and in vivo experiments and discuss the potential for new therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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15
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Sarosiek KA, Fraser C, Muthalagu N, Bhola PD, Chang W, McBrayer SK, Cantlon A, Fisch S, Golomb-Mello G, Ryan JA, Deng J, Jian B, Corbett C, Goldenberg M, Madsen JR, Liao R, Walsh D, Sedivy J, Murphy DJ, Carrasco DR, Robinson S, Moslehi J, Letai A. Developmental Regulation of Mitochondrial Apoptosis by c-Myc Governs Age- and Tissue-Specific Sensitivity to Cancer Therapeutics. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:142-156. [PMID: 28017613 PMCID: PMC5363285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
It is not understood why healthy tissues can exhibit varying levels of sensitivity to the same toxic stimuli. Using BH3 profiling, we find that mitochondria of many adult somatic tissues, including brain, heart, and kidneys, are profoundly refractory to pro-apoptotic signaling, leading to cellular resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapies and ionizing radiation. In contrast, mitochondria from these tissues in young mice and humans are primed for apoptosis, predisposing them to undergo cell death in response to genotoxic damage. While expression of the apoptotic protein machinery is nearly absent by adulthood, in young tissues its expression is driven by c-Myc, linking developmental growth to cell death. These differences may explain why pediatric cancer patients have a higher risk of developing treatment-associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A Sarosiek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Mayer 430, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cameron Fraser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Mayer 430, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Patrick D Bhola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Mayer 430, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Weiting Chang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Mayer 430, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam Cantlon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sudeshna Fisch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gail Golomb-Mello
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jeremy A Ryan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Mayer 430, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Mayer 430, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
| | - Chris Corbett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marti Goldenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dominic Walsh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland
| | - Daniel Ruben Carrasco
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Mayer 430, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Javid Moslehi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Cardio-Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Mayer 430, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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Pettengill MA, Abdul-Sater A, Coutinho-Silva R, Ojcius DM. Danger signals, inflammasomes, and the intricate intracellular lives of chlamydiae. Biomed J 2016; 39:306-315. [PMID: 27884377 PMCID: PMC6138786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, and as such are sensitive to alterations in the cellular physiology of their hosts. Chlamydial infections often cause pathologic consequences due to prolonged localized inflammation. Considerable advances have been made in the last few years regarding our understanding of how two key inflammation-associated signaling pathways influence the biology of Chlamydia infections: inflammation regulating purinergic signaling pathways significantly impact intracellular chlamydial development, and inflammasome activation modulates both chlamydial growth and infection mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We review here elements of both pathways, presenting the latest developments contributing to our understanding of how chlamydial infections are influenced by inflammasomes and purinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David M Ojcius
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, USA.
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17
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Using Proteomics to Understand How Leishmania Parasites Survive inside the Host and Establish Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081270. [PMID: 27548150 PMCID: PMC5000668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that causes a wide range of different clinical manifestations in mammalian hosts. It is a major public health risk on different continents and represents one of the most important neglected diseases. Due to the high toxicity of the drugs currently used, and in the light of increasing drug resistance, there is a critical need to develop new drugs and vaccines to control Leishmania infection. Over the past few years, proteomics has become an important tool to understand the underlying biology of Leishmania parasites and host interaction. The large-scale study of proteins, both in parasites and within the host in response to infection, can accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic targets. By studying the proteomes of host cells and tissues infected with Leishmania, as well as changes in protein profiles among promastigotes and amastigotes, scientists hope to better understand the biology involved in the parasite survival and the host-parasite interaction. This review demonstrates the feasibility of proteomics as an approach to identify new proteins involved in Leishmania differentiation and intracellular survival.
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18
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Salvesen GS, Hempel A, Coll NS. Protease signaling in animal and plant-regulated cell death. FEBS J 2016; 283:2577-98. [PMID: 26648190 PMCID: PMC5606204 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the proteases required for regulated cell death mechanisms in animals and plants. The aim is to be incisive, and not inclusive of all the animal proteases that have been implicated in various publications. The review also aims to focus on instances when several publications from disparate groups have demonstrated the involvement of an animal protease, and also when there is substantial biochemical, mechanistic and genetic evidence. In doing so, the literature can be culled to a handful of proteases, covering most of the known regulated cell death mechanisms: apoptosis, regulated necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and NETosis in animals. In plants, the literature is younger and not as extensive as for mammals, although the molecular drivers of vacuolar death, necrosis and the hypersensitive response in plants are becoming clearer. Each of these death mechanisms has at least one proteolytic component that plays a major role in controlling the pathway, and sometimes they combine in networks to regulate cell death/survival decision nodes. Some similarities are found among animal and plant cell death proteases but, overall, the pathways that they govern are kingdom-specific with very little overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy S. Salvesen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anne Hempel
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nuria Sanchez Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes that promote the maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and danger signals as well as pyroptosis in response to infections and cellular stress. Inflammasomes consist of a sensor, an adapter, and the effector caspase-1, which interact through homotypic interactions of caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) or PYRIN domains (PYDs). Hence, decoy proteins encoding only a CARD or PYD, COPs and POPs, respectively, are assumed to inhibit inflammasome assembly. Sensors encoding a PYD belong to the families of NOD-like receptors containing a PYD (NLRPs) or AIM2-like receptors (ALRs), which interact with the PYD- and CARD-containing adapter ASC through homotypic PYD interactions. Subsequently, ASC undergoes PYD-dependent oligomerization, which promotes CARD-mediated interactions between ASC and caspase-1, resulting in caspase-1 activation. POPs are suggested to interfere with the interaction between NLRPs/ALRs and ASC to prevent nucleation of ASC and therefore prevent an oligomeric platform for caspase-1 activation. Similarly, COPs are suggested to bind to the CARD of caspase-1 to prevent its recruitment to the oligomeric ASC platform and its activation. Alternatively, the adapter ASC may regulate inflammasome activity by expressing different isoforms, which are either capable or incapable of assembling an oligomeric ASC platform. The molecular mechanism of inflammasome assembly has only recently been elucidated, but the effects of most COPs and POPs on inflammasome assembly have not been investigated. Here, we discuss our model of COP- and POP-mediated inflammasome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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De Groef L, Dekeyster E, Geeraerts E, Lefevere E, Stalmans I, Salinas-Navarro M, Moons L. Differential visual system organization and susceptibility to experimental models of optic neuropathies in three commonly used mouse strains. Exp Eye Res 2016; 145:235-247. [PMID: 26791081 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mouse disease models have proven indispensable in glaucoma research, yet the complexity of the vast number of models and mouse strains has also led to confusing findings. In this study, we evaluated baseline intraocular pressure, retinal histology, and retinofugal projections in three mouse strains commonly used in glaucoma research, i.e. C57Bl/6, C57Bl/6-Tyr(c), and CD-1 mice. We found that the mouse strains under study do not only display moderate variations in their intraocular pressure, retinal architecture, and retinal ganglion cell density, also the retinofugal projections to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and the superior colliculus revealed striking differences, potentially underlying diverging optokinetic tracking responses and visual acuity. Next, we reviewed the success rate of three models of (glaucomatous) optic neuropathies (intravitreal N-methyl-d-aspartic acid injection, optic nerve crush, and laser photocoagulation-induced ocular hypertension), looking for differences in disease susceptibility between these mouse strains. Different genetic backgrounds and albinism led to differential susceptibility to experimentally induced retinal ganglion cell death among these three mouse strains. Overall, CD-1 mice appeared to have the highest sensitivity to retinal ganglion cell damage, while the C57Bl/6 background was more resistant in the three models used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies De Groef
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Dekeyster
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emiel Geeraerts
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evy Lefevere
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Stalmans
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Salinas-Navarro
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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DED or alive: assembly and regulation of the death effector domain complexes. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1866. [PMID: 26313917 PMCID: PMC4558505 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Death effector domains (DEDs) are protein–protein interaction domains initially identified in proteins such as FADD, FLIP and caspase-8 involved in regulating apoptosis. Subsequently, these proteins have been shown to have important roles in regulating other forms of cell death, including necroptosis, and in regulating other important cellular processes, including autophagy and inflammation. Moreover, these proteins also have prominent roles in innate and adaptive immunity and during embryonic development. In this article, we review the various roles of DED-containing proteins and discuss recent developments in our understanding of DED complex formation and regulation. We also briefly discuss opportunities to therapeutically target DED complex formation in diseases such as cancer.
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22
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AK2 deficiency compromises the mitochondrial energy metabolism required for differentiation of human neutrophil and lymphoid lineages. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1856. [PMID: 26270350 PMCID: PMC4558504 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reticular dysgenesis is a human severe combined immunodeficiency that is primarily characterized by profound neutropenia and lymphopenia. The condition is caused by mutations in the adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) gene, resulting in the loss of mitochondrial AK2 protein expression. AK2 regulates the homeostasis of mitochondrial adenine nucleotides (ADP, ATP and AMP) by catalyzing the transfer of high-energy phosphate. Our present results demonstrate that AK2-knocked-down progenitor cells have poor proliferative and survival capacities and are blocked in their differentiation toward lymphoid and granulocyte lineages. We also observed that AK2 deficiency impaired mitochondrial function in general and oxidative phosphorylation in particular - showing that AK2 is critical in the control of energy metabolism. Loss of AK2 disrupts this regulation and leads to a profound block in lymphoid and myeloid cell differentiation.
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23
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are large cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to detection of infection- or stress-associated stimuli and lead to the activation of caspase-1-mediated inflammatory responses, including cleavage and unconventional secretion of the leaderless proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and initiation of an inflammatory form of cell death referred to as pyroptosis. Inflammasome activation can be induced by a wide variety of microbial pathogens and generally mediates host defense through activation of rapid inflammatory responses and restriction of pathogen replication. In addition to its role in defense against pathogens, recent studies have suggested that the inflammasome is also a critical regulator of the commensal microbiota in the intestine. Finally, inflammasomes have been widely implicated in the development and progression of various chronic diseases, such as gout, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. In this perspective, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in infectious and noninfectious inflammation and highlight areas of interest for future studies of inflammasomes in host defense and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel R de Zoete
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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24
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Cisterne A, Baraz R, Khan NI, Welschinger R, Basnett J, Fung C, Rizos H, Bradstock KF, Bendall LJ. Silencer of death domains controls cell death through tumour necrosis factor-receptor 1 and caspase-10 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103383. [PMID: 25061812 PMCID: PMC4111576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis remains a significant problem in drug resistance and treatment failure in malignant disease. NO-aspirin is a novel drug that has efficacy against a number of solid tumours, and can inhibit Wnt signaling, and although we have shown Wnt signaling to be important for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell proliferation and survival inhibition of Wnt signaling does not appear to be involved in the induction of ALL cell death. Treatment of B lineage ALL cell lines and patient ALL cells with NO-aspirin induced rapid apoptotic cell death mediated via the extrinsic death pathway. Apoptosis was dependent on caspase-10 in association with the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) incorporating pro-caspase-10 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1). There was no measurable increase in TNF-R1 or TNF-α in response to NO-aspirin, suggesting that the process was ligand-independent. Consistent with this, expression of silencer of death domain (SODD) was reduced following NO-aspirin exposure and lentiviral mediated shRNA knockdown of SODD suppressed expansion of transduced cells confirming the importance of SODD for ALL cell survival. Considering that SODD and caspase-10 are frequently over-expressed in ALL, interfering with these proteins may provide a new strategy for the treatment of this and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cisterne
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rana Baraz
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Naveed I. Khan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Welschinger
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan Basnett
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carina Fung
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth F. Bradstock
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda J. Bendall
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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25
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Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat containing receptors; NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs) were originally described as microbial sensors involved in host defense against pathogens that comprise an important component of the innate immune system. Recently, their cellular functions have expanded beyond classical pathogen detection, to danger sensors that may contribute to the pathophysiology of a wide range of inflammation-driven human illnesses such as metabolic diseases (atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, gout, age-related macular degeneration) and neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease). Pathogen-stimulated NLRs such as NLR family Pyrin domain-containing protein 1 (NLRP1) assemble into molecular platforms called "inflammasomes" to activate inflammatory protease caspase-1, which processes pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into active cytokines. We describe methods for reconstituting the human NLRP1 inflammasome in vitro. Protocols are provided for: (a) expression and purification of inflammasome core components (NLRP1 and pro-caspase-1 proteins) using the baculovirus/insect cell expression system, and (b) functional monitoring of NLRP1-mediated caspase-1 activation in response to NLRP1 ligand muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and ATP.
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26
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Janse IC, van der Wier G, Jonkman MF, Pas HH, Diercks GFH. No evidence of apoptotic cells in pemphigus acantholysis. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2039-2041. [PMID: 24487306 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ineke C Janse
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda van der Wier
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel F Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendri H Pas
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles F H Diercks
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Ratsimandresy RA, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C. An Update on PYRIN Domain-Containing Pattern Recognition Receptors: From Immunity to Pathology. Front Immunol 2013; 4:440. [PMID: 24367371 PMCID: PMC3856626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense a wide range of endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns as well as exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In particular, Nod-like receptors containing a pyrin domain (PYD), called NLRPs, and AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) have been shown to play a critical role in host defense by facilitating clearance of pathogens and maintaining a healthy gut microflora. NLRPs and ALRs both encode a PYD, which is crucial for relaying signals that result in an efficient innate immune response through activation of several key innate immune signaling pathways. However, mutations in these PRRs have been linked to the development of auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In addition, they have been implicated in metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the function of PYD-containing NLRPs and ALRs and address their contribution to innate immunity, host defense, and immune-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojo A Ratsimandresy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA ; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center and Skin Disease Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA
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Liu Y, Lu X, Nguyen S, Olson JL, Webb HK, Kroetz DL. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids prevent cisplatin-induced renal apoptosis through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-regulated mitochondrial pathway. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:925-34. [PMID: 24092818 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) catalyzes the conversion of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids into less active eicosanoids, and inhibitors of sEH have anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. Based on previous observations that sEH inhibition attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by modulating nuclear factor-κB signaling, we hypothesized that this strategy would also attenuate cisplatin-induced renal apoptosis. Inhibition of sEH with AR9273 [1-adamantan-1-yl-3-(1-methylsulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl-urea)] reduced cisplatin-induced apoptosis through mechanisms involving mitochondrial apoptotic pathways and by reducing reactive oxygen species. Renal mitochondrial Bax induction following cisplatin treatment was significantly decreased by treatment of mice with AR9273 and these antiapoptotic effects involved p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Similar mechanisms contributed to reduced apoptosis in Ephx2(-/-) mice treated with cisplatin. Moreover, in pig kidney proximal tubule cells, cisplatin-induced mitochondrial trafficking of Bax and cytochrome c, caspase-3 activation, and oxidative stress are significantly attenuated in the presence of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Collectively, these in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate a role for EETs in limiting cisplatin-induced renal apoptosis. Inhibition of sEH represents a novel therapeutic strategy for protection against cisplatin-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Liu
- Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (Y.L., X.L., S.N., D.L.K.) and Anatomic Pathology (J.L.O.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Arête Therapeutics, Hayward, California (H.K.W.)
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29
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Proteomic analysis reveals differentially expressed proteins in macrophages infected with Leishmania amazonensis or Leishmania major. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:579-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gerlic M, Faustin B, Postigo A, Yu ECW, Proell M, Gombosuren N, Krajewska M, Flynn R, Croft M, Way M, Satterthwait A, Liddington RC, Salek-Ardakani S, Matsuzawa SI, Reed JC. Vaccinia virus F1L protein promotes virulence by inhibiting inflammasome activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:7808-13. [PMID: 23603272 PMCID: PMC3651467 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215995110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Host innate immune responses to DNA viruses involve members of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing protein (NLRP) family, which form "inflammasomes" that activate caspase-1, resulting in proteolytic activation of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. We hypothesized that DNA viruses would target inflammasomes to overcome host defense. A Vaccinia virus (VACV) B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) homolog, F1L, was demonstrated to bind and inhibit the NLR family member NLRP1 in vitro. Moreover, infection of macrophages in culture with virus lacking F1L (ΔF1L) caused increased caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion compared with wild-type virus. Virulence of ΔF1L virus was attenuated in vivo, causing altered febrile responses, increased proteolytic processing of caspase-1, and more rapid inflammation in lungs of infected mice without affecting cell death or virus replication. Furthermore, we found that a hexapeptide from F1L is necessary and sufficient for inhibiting the NLRP1 inflammasome in vitro, thus identifying a peptidyl motif required for binding and inhibiting NLRP1. The functional importance of this NLRP1-binding motif was further confirmed by studies of recombinant ΔF1L viruses reconstituted either with the wild-type F1L or a F1L mutant that fails to bind NLRP1. Cellular infection with wild-type F1L reconstituted virus-suppressed IL-1β production, whereas mutant F1L did not. In contrast, both wild-type and mutant versions of F1L equally suppressed apoptosis. In vivo, the NLR nonbinding F1L mutant virus exhibited an attenuated phenotype similar to ΔF1L virus, thus confirming the importance of F1L interactions with NLRP1 for viral pathogenicity in mice. Altogether, these findings reveal a unique viral mechanism for evading host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motti Gerlic
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Antonio Postigo
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martina Proell
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; and
| | | | | | - Rachel Flynn
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michael Way
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - John C. Reed
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Venero JL, Burguillos MA, Joseph B. Caspases playing in the field of neuroinflammation: old and new players. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:88-101. [PMID: 23445938 DOI: 10.1159/000346155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex immune response against the harmful effects of diverse stimuli within the central nervous system. Caspases are a family of intracellular cysteine proteases that mediate proteolytic events indispensable for transduction of signaling pathway-controlling biological phenomena such as apoptosis and inflammation. To date, 14 players have been identified in mammals. For many years, caspases were simply divided into 'apoptotic' and 'proinflammatory' caspases and this classification remains useful to some extent. However, increasing evidence indicates that many of these so-called apoptotic caspases also exert nonapoptotic functions. In addition, the role of certain members of the supposed inflammatory caspases in the inflammatory process per se has also been discussed. In this review, we highlight the role for 'apoptotic' and 'proinflammatory' caspases in the regulation of the inflammation response with a special focus on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Sevilla, Spain
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Bratke KA, McLysaght A, Rothenburg S. A survey of host range genes in poxvirus genomes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 14:406-25. [PMID: 23268114 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Poxviruses are widespread pathogens, which display extremely different host ranges. Whereas some poxviruses, including variola virus, display narrow host ranges, others such as cowpox viruses naturally infect a wide range of mammals. The molecular basis for differences in host range are poorly understood but apparently depend on the successful manipulation of the host antiviral response. Some poxvirus genes have been shown to confer host tropism in experimental settings and are thus called host range factors. Identified host range genes include vaccinia virus K1L, K3L, E3L, B5R, C7L and SPI-1, cowpox virus CP77/CHOhr, ectromelia virus p28 and 022, and myxoma virus T2, T4, T5, 11L, 13L, 062R and 063R. These genes encode for ankyrin repeat-containing proteins, tumor necrosis factor receptor II homologs, apoptosis inhibitor T4-related proteins, Bcl-2-related proteins, pyrin domain-containing proteins, cellular serine protease inhibitors (serpins), short complement-like repeats containing proteins, KilA-N/RING domain-containing proteins, as well as inhibitors of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR. We conducted a systematic survey for the presence of known host range genes and closely related family members in poxvirus genomes, classified them into subgroups based on their phylogenetic relationship and correlated their presence with the poxvirus phylogeny. Common themes in the evolution of poxvirus host range genes are lineage-specific duplications and multiple independent inactivation events. Our analyses yield new insights into the evolution of poxvirus host range genes. Implications of our findings for poxvirus host range and virulence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Bratke
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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33
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D'Osualdo A, Reed JC. NLRP1, a regulator of innate immunity associated with vitiligo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:5-8. [PMID: 22117610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Some familial forms of the dermatological condition vitiligo have recently been linked to polymorphisms in the innate immunity gene, NLRP1. Here, we review what is currently known about the mechanisms that regulate activation of the NLRP1 protein and the downstream effects of NLRP1 on pathways impacting inflammation and apoptosis. How polymorphic variants of the NLRP1 gene contribute to the pathogenesis of vitiligo remains mysterious, requiring further investigation.
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34
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Rajandram R, Bennett N, Morais C, Johnson D, Gobe G. Renal cell carcinoma: Resistance to therapy, role of apoptosis, and the prognostic and therapeutic target potential of TRAF proteins. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:330-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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35
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Volkmar M, Dedeurwaerder S, Cunha DA, Ndlovu MN, Defrance M, Deplus R, Calonne E, Volkmar U, Igoillo-Esteve M, Naamane N, Del Guerra S, Masini M, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Cnop M, Eizirik DL, Fuks F. DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic patients. EMBO J 2012; 31:1405-26. [PMID: 22293752 PMCID: PMC3321176 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genetic predisposition, environmental and lifestyle factors contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Epigenetic changes may provide the link for translating environmental exposures into pathological mechanisms. In this study, we performed the first comprehensive DNA methylation profiling in pancreatic islets from T2D and non-diabetic donors. We uncovered 276 CpG loci affiliated to promoters of 254 genes displaying significant differential DNA methylation in diabetic islets. These methylation changes were not present in blood cells from T2D individuals nor were they experimentally induced in non-diabetic islets by exposure to high glucose. For a subgroup of the differentially methylated genes, concordant transcriptional changes were present. Functional annotation of the aberrantly methylated genes and RNAi experiments highlighted pathways implicated in β-cell survival and function; some are implicated in cellular dysfunction while others facilitate adaptation to stressors. Together, our findings offer new insights into the intricate mechanisms of T2D pathogenesis, underscore the important involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in diabetic islets and may advance our understanding of T2D aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volkmar
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Dagenais M, Skeldon A, Saleh M. The inflammasome: in memory of Dr. Jurg Tschopp. Cell Death Differ 2011; 19:5-12. [PMID: 22075986 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A decade ago, Jurg Tschopp introduced the concept of the inflammasome. This exciting discovery of a macromolecular complex that senses 'danger' and initiates the inflammatory response contributed to a renaissance in the fields of innate immunity and cell death. Jurg led the biochemical characterization of the inflammasome complex and demonstrated that spontaneous hyperactivation of this interleukin (IL)-1β processing machinery is the molecular basis of a spectrum of hereditary periodic fever syndromes, caused by mutated forms of the inflammasome scaffolding receptor, NLRP3. The identification of the underlying mechanism in these disorders has led to their now successful therapy, with the use of the IL-1 receptor antagonist in the clinic. Jurg's pioneering work has subsequently defined a number of inflammasome agonists ranging from microbial molecules expressed during infection, to triggers of sterile inflammation, most notably gout-associated uric acid crystals, asbestos, silica and nanoparticles. More recently, Jurg introduced the critical new concept of the metabolic inflammasome, which senses metabolic stress and contributes to the onset of the metabolic syndrome associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Jurg was an outstanding and skillful biochemist, an elegant and rigorous researcher often far ahead of his peers. He was a truly amiable person, fair, generous and inspiring, and will be most remembered for his infectious enthusiasm. We write this review article on the inflammasome in his honor and dedicate it to his memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dagenais
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Järvinen K, Hotti A, Santos L, Nummela P, Hölttä E. Caspase-8, c-FLIP, and caspase-9 in c-Myc-induced apoptosis of fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2602-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Choubey D, Duan X, Dickerson E, Ponomareva L, Panchanathan R, Shen H, Srivastava R. Interferon-inducible p200-family proteins as novel sensors of cytoplasmic DNA: role in inflammation and autoimmunity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:371-80. [PMID: 20187776 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2009.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated innate immune responses that result in increased levels of type I interferons (IFNs) and stimulation of IFN-inducible genes are thought to contribute to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. One family of IFN-inducible genes is the Ifi200 family, which includes the murine (eg, Ifi202a, Ifi202b, Ifi203, Ifi204, Mndal, and Aim2) and human (eg, IFI16, MNDA, IFIX, and AIM2) genes. Genes in the family encode structurally related proteins (the p200-family proteins), which share at least one partially conserved repeat of 200-amino acid (200-AA) residues. Consistent with the presence of 2 consecutive oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding folds in the repeat, the p200-family proteins can bind to DNA. Additionally, these proteins (except the p202 proteins) also contain a pyrin (PYD) domain in the N-terminus. Increased expression of p202 proteins in certain strains of female mice is associated with lupus-like disease. Interestingly, only the Aim2 protein is conserved between the mouse and humans. Several recent studies have provided evidence that the Aim2 and p202 proteins can recognize DNA in cytoplasm and the Aim2 protein upon sensing DNA can form a caspase-1-activating inflammasome. In this review, we discuss how the ability of p200-family proteins to sense cytoplasmic DNA may contribute to the development of chronic inflammation and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaker Choubey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
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Abstract
Programmed cell death is essential for the maintenance of lymphocyte homeostasis and immune tolerance. Dendritic cells (DCs), the most efficient antigen-presenting cells, represent a small cell population in the immune system. However, DCs play major roles in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Programmed cell death in DCs is essential for regulating DC homeostasis and consequently, the scope of immune responses. Interestingly, different DC subsets show varied turnover rates in vivo. The conventional DCs are relatively short-lived in most lymphoid organs, while plasmacytoid DCs are long-lived cells. Mitochondrion-dependent programmed cell death plays an important role in regulating spontaneous DC turnover. Antigen-specific T cells are also capable of killing DCs, thereby providing a mechanism for negative feedback regulation of immune responses. It has been shown that a surplus of DCs due to defects in programmed cell death leads to overactivation of lymphocytes and the onset of autoimmunity. Studying programmed cell death in DCs will shed light on the roles for DC turnover in the regulation of the duration and magnitude of immune responses in vivo and in the maintenance of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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40
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IKK{gamma} protein is a target of BAG3 regulatory activity in human tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:7497-502. [PMID: 20368414 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907696107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BAG3, a member of the BAG family of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 cochaperones, is expressed in response to stressful stimuli in a number of normal cell types and constitutively in a variety of tumors, including pancreas carcinomas, lymphocytic and myeloblastic leukemias, and thyroid carcinomas. Down-regulation of BAG3 results in cell death, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of BAG3-dependent survival in human osteosarcoma (SAOS-2) and melanoma (M14) cells. We show that bag3 overexpression in tumors promotes survival through the NF-kappaB pathway. Indeed, we demonstrate that BAG3 alters the interaction between HSP70 and IKKgamma, increasing availability of IKKgamma and protecting it from proteasome-dependent degradation; this, in turn, results in increased NF-kappaB activity and survival. These results identify bag3 as a potential target for anticancer therapies in those tumors in which this gene is constitutively expressed. As a proof of principle, we show that treatment of a mouse xenograft tumor model with bag3siRNA-adenovirus that down-regulates bag3 results in reduced tumor growth and increased animal survival.
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Chang MX, Chen WQ, Nie P. Structure and expression pattern of teleost caspase recruitment domain (CARD) containing proteins that are potentially involved in NF-kappaB signalling. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 34:1-13. [PMID: 19699229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-associated recruitment domain (CARD) proteins play critical roles in regulation of caspase activation, or regulation of NF-kappaB activation. In the present study, 9 CARD-genes, which may be involved in NF-kappaB activation, were identified in teleost fish. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the orthologs to mammalian RIPK2, NOD1, PYCARD, CARD9, CARD10, CARD11, CARD14, NOD2 and BCL10 were evident in teleost fish, but clear orthologs to mammalian CARD6 and CARD8 were not found in teleost fish. In zebrafish, most CARD-genes were expressed in embryos and larvae. In adult zebrafish, zfRIPK2, zfNOD1, zfPYCARD, zfCARD9 and zfNOD2 transcripts were constitutively expressed in kidney, gill, intestine, liver, brain and spleen whilst zfCARD11, zfCARD14 and BCL10 exhibited limited tissue distribution. A CARD-related gene (zfCARD-rel), containing a single CARD domain, was identified in the zebrafish genome and the EST databases and its transcripts were detected only in spleen and kidney. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that zfCARD-rel might be the ortholog of mammalian CARD8 or the short isoform of NLRP1. Overexpression of zfCARD-rel had a significantly inhibitory effect on NF-kappaB activity, demonstrating the zfCARD-rel protein might serve as a negative regulator of cell death and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, PR China
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Jakiela B, Szczeklik W, Sokolowska B, Mastalerz L, Sanak M, Plutecka H, Szczeklik A. Intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in peripheral blood eosinophils of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48:1202-7. [PMID: 19643727 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare necrotizing vasculitis associated with asthma, blood and tissue eosinophilia and granuloma formation. We wondered whether eosinophil accumulation in CSS results from the defect of intrinsic apoptosis pathway in blood eosinophils, leading to their prolonged survival. METHODS We analysed immunophenotype (flow cytometry), expression of apoptosis-related genes (real-time PCR) and spontaneous apoptosis in blood eosinophils isolated from nine patients in exacerbation (active CSS), seven patients in remission (inactive CSS) and 14 matched healthy subjects. Serum IL-5 levels were also measured. RESULTS In active CSS, blood eosinophils were characterized by small (<2-fold) decrease in expression of a few genes, primarily proapoptotic (e.g. BCL2L13, CASP2, CARD4) or involved in regulation of NF-kappaB (IKBKB, REL), but they did not differ in the rate of spontaneous apoptosis, when compared with other groups. Only selected genes were positively (BNIPL, PYCARD, CASP8, CRADD, BCAP31), or negatively (IKBKE) correlated with disease activity. In active CSS, eosinophils expressed activation markers (CD69, CD25), especially in subjects with most severe disease and elevated serum IL-5. CONCLUSIONS High susceptibility of peripheral blood eosinophils to spontaneous apoptosis in vitro, and minor changes in expression of apoptotic-related genes in transcriptome analysis, do not support the hypothesis on intrinsic defect in apoptosis, as the cause of eosinophil accumulation in CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Jakiela
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
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Kanellis G, Roncador G, Arribas A, Mollejo M, Montes-Moreno S, Maestre L, Campos-Martin Y, Ríos Gonzalez JL, Martinez-Torrecuadrada JL, Sanchez-Verde L, Pajares R, Cigudosa JC, Martin MC, Piris MA. Identification of MNDA as a new marker for nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Leukemia 2009; 23:1847-57. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Caspase-10-mediated heat shock protein 90 beta cleavage promotes UVB irradiation-induced cell apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:3657-64. [PMID: 19380486 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01640-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 beta (Hsp90 beta) is involved in many cellular functions. However, the posttranslational modification of Hsp90 beta, especially in response to apoptotic stimulation, is not well understood. In this study, we found that Hsp90 beta was cleaved by activated caspase-10 under UVB irradiation. Caspase-10 activation, in turn, depended on caspase-8, which cleaved caspase-10 directly. Autocrine secretion of FAS ligand and upregulated FAS expression induced by UVB irradiation contributed to activation of caspase-10, which cleaved Hsp90 beta at D278, P293, and D294. The downregulation of Hsp90 beta mediated by caspase-8-dependent caspase-10 activation promoted UVB-induced cell apoptosis.
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Abstract
As a family of viruses, poxviruses collectively exhibit a broad host range and most of the individual members are capable of replicating in a wide array of cell types from various host species, at least in vitro. At the cellular level, poxvirus tropism is dependent not upon specific cell surface receptors, but rather upon: (1) the ability of the cell to provide intracellular complementing factors needed for productive virus replication, and (2) the ability of the specific virus to successfully manipulate intracellular signaling networks that regulate cellular antiviral processes downstream of virus entry. The large genomic coding capacity of poxviruses enables the virus to express a unique collection of viral proteins that function as host range factors, which specifically target and manipulate host signaling pathways to establish optimal cellular conditions for viral replication. Functionally, the known host range factors from poxviruses have been associated with manipulation of a diverse array of cellular targets, which includes cellular kinases and phosphatases, apoptosis, and various antiviral pathways. To date, only a small number of poxvirus host range genes have been identified and studied, and only a handful of these have been functionally characterized. For this reason, poxvirus host range factors represent a potential gold mine for the discovery of novel pathogen-host protein interactions. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which the known poxvirus host range genes, and their encoded factors, expand tropism through the manipulation of host cell intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Werden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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46
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Reinhardt T, Lippolis J. Developmental Changes in the Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteome During the Transition from Colostrum to Milk. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:2307-18. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hebb ALO, Moore CS, Bhan V, Campbell T, Fisk JD, Robertson HA, Thorne M, Lacasse E, Holcik M, Gillard J, Crocker SJ, Robertson GS. Expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family in multiple sclerosis reveals a potential immunomodulatory role during autoimmune mediated demyelination. Mult Scler 2008; 14:577-94. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458507087468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A failure of autoreactive T cells to undergo apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The role of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of anti-apoptotic proteins such as X-linked IAP (XIAP), human inhibitor of apoptosis-1 (HIAP-1), human inhibitor of apoptosis-2 (HIAP-2), neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and Survivin in relapsing–remitting, secondary-progressive, primary-progressive or benign forms of MS is unclear. We report here that expression of the IAP family of genes in peripheral blood samples and brain tissues from MS cases support a role for differential regulation of these potent anti-apoptotic proteins in the pathology of MS. XIAP mRNA and protein levels were elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active disease relative to normal subjects. In patients with active MS, HIAP-1 and HIAP-2 mRNA levels were elevated in resting T cells while NAIP mRNA was increased in whole blood. In post-mortem MS brain tissue, XIAP and HIAP-1 in myelin lesions were co-localized with microglia and T cells, respectively. Only in primary-progressive patients was Survivin expression elevated suggestive of a distinct pathological basis for this subtype of MS. Taken together, these results suggest that patterns of inhibitor of apoptosis expression in immune cells may have value in distinguishing between MS subtypes and offer insight into the mechanisms responsible for their distinct clinical courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- ALO Hebb
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - CS Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - V Bhan
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - T Campbell
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - JD Fisk
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada; Department of Psychology, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - HA Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - M Thorne
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - E Lacasse
- Aegera Therapeutics Inc., Nun’s Island (Montreal), PQ, H3E 1A8, Canada
| | - M Holcik
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, KIH 8L1, Canada
| | - J Gillard
- Aegera Therapeutics Inc., Nun’s Island (Montreal), PQ, H3E 1A8, Canada
| | - SJ Crocker
- Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Department, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - GS Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada
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Humphrey RG, Sonnenberg-Hirche C, Smith SD, Hu C, Barton A, Sadovsky Y, Nelson DM. Epidermal growth factor abrogates hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cultured human trophoblasts through phosphorylation of BAD Serine 112. Endocrinology 2008; 149:2131-7. [PMID: 18276761 PMCID: PMC2329276 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that epidermal growth factor (EGF) limits hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cultured human trophoblasts by phosphorylation of the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD). Cytotrophoblasts were isolated from placentas of uncomplicated pregnancies at 38-40 wk gestation. Primary trophoblasts or transfected JEG3 trophoblast cells were cultured in less than 1 or 20% oxygen in the presence or absence of EGF and signaling pathway inhibitors. BAD, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-BAD, 14-3-3, Bcl-X(L), and neoepitopes formed during apoptotic cleavage of cytokeratin 18 intermediate filaments were quantified using immunoblotting. Cultures immunostained by fluorescent antibodies were analyzed by confocal microscopy for BAD and GFP. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used to detect molecular interaction between endogenous BAD and GFP-BAD. We found EGF increased the phosphorylation of BADser112 under standard culture conditions. Whereas hypoxia enhanced apoptosis and increased phosphorylation of both BADser136 and BADser155, hypoxia diminished phosphorylation of BADser112, and this effect was reversible by EGF. Transfected GFP-BAD, which directly interacted with endogenous BAD by colocalization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, enhanced hypoxia-induced apoptosis in JEG3 cells. EGF reduced apoptosis in hypoxic JEG3 cells that overexpressed GFP-BAD but not in cells overexpressing GFP-BAD that harbored a serine-to-alanine mutation at the 112 site. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that EGF reduced the proapoptotic interaction of BAD with Bcl-X(L). The effect of EGF on phosphorylation of BADser112 was dependent on the action of p38 MAPK. We conclude that EGF signals via p38 MAPK to increase phosphorylation of BADser112 and thereby limit trophoblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Humphrey
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4566 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Lin Z, Zhang X, Tuo J, Guo Y, Green B, Chan CC, Tan W, Huang Y, Ling W, Kadlubar FF, Lin D, Ning B. A variant of the Cockayne syndrome B gene ERCC6 confers risk of lung cancer. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:113-22. [PMID: 17854076 PMCID: PMC2441604 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome B protein (ERCC6) plays an essential role in DNA repair. However, the Cockayne syndrome caused by the ERCC6 defect has not been linked to cancer predisposition; likely due to the fact that cells with severe disruption of the ERCC6 function are sensitive to lesion-induced apoptosis, thus reducing the chance of tumorigenesis. The biological function and cancer susceptibility of a common variant rs3793784:C>G (c.-6530C>G) in the ERCC6 was examined. We show that the c.-6530C allele has lower binding affinity of Sp1 by EMSA and displays a lower transcriptional activity in vitro and in vivo. We then examined the contribution of this polymorphism to the risk of lung cancer in a case-control study with 1,000 cases and 1,000 controls. The case-control analysis revealed a 1.76-fold (P= x 10(-9)) excess risk of developing lung cancer for the c.-6530CC carriers compared with noncarriers. The c.-6530CC interacts with smoking to intensify lung cancer risk, with the odds ratio (OR)=9 for developing lung cancer among heavy smokers. Our data constituted strong evidence that ERCC6 rs3793784:C>G alters its transcriptional activity and may confer personalized susceptibility to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongning Lin
- Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingsheng Tuo
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yongli Guo
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bridgett Green
- Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Wenhua Ling
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fred F. Kadlubar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Correspondence to: Dongxin Lin, M.D., Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China. Fax: (86)10-67722460. E-mail: , Baitang Ning, Ph.D., 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-100, Jefferson, AR 72079. E-mail:
| | - Baitang Ning
- Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
- Correspondence to: Dongxin Lin, M.D., Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China. Fax: (86)10-67722460. E-mail: , Baitang Ning, Ph.D., 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-100, Jefferson, AR 72079. E-mail:
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50
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Faustin B, Reed JC. Sunburned skin activates inflammasomes. Trends Cell Biol 2007; 18:4-8. [PMID: 18083030 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation injures the epidermis, resulting in sunburn and inflammation. UV-irradiated keratinocytes secrete interleukin-1beta through a caspase-1-dependent mechanism. In seeking a link between UV-irradiation and caspase-1 activation, a prominent role for the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family of innate immunity proteins was discovered recently. NLRs activate caspases through the assembly of macromolecular complexes called 'inflammasomes.' Although the mechanism by which UV-irradiation activates inflammasomes remains obscure, these recent findings shed light on NLRs as intermediaries between cell injury and inflammation.
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