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Stasevich EM, Simonova AV, Bogomolova EA, Murashko MM, Uvarova AN, Zheremyan EA, Korneev KV, Schwartz AM, Kuprash DV, Demin DE. Cut from the same cloth: RNAs transcribed from regulatory elements. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195049. [PMID: 38964653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
A certain degree of chromatin openness is necessary for the activity of transcription-regulating regions within the genome, facilitating accessibility to RNA polymerases and subsequent synthesis of regulatory element RNAs (regRNAs) from these regions. The rapidly increasing number of studies underscores the significance of regRNAs across diverse cellular processes and diseases, challenging the paradigm that these transcripts are non-functional transcriptional noise. This review explores the multifaceted roles of regRNAs in human cells, encompassing rather well-studied entities such as promoter RNAs and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), while also providing insights into overshadowed silencer RNAs and insulator RNAs. Furthermore, we assess notable examples of shorter regRNAs, like miRNAs, snRNAs, and snoRNAs, playing important roles. Expanding our discourse, we deliberate on the potential usage of regRNAs as biomarkers and novel targets for cancer and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Stasevich
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Simonova
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Bogomolova
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow, Russia
| | - M M Murashko
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Uvarova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Zheremyan
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Korneev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Schwartz
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - D V Kuprash
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - D E Demin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Tabe-Bordbar S, Song YJ, Lunt BJ, Alavi Z, Prasanth KV, Sinha S. Mechanistic analysis of enhancer sequences in the estrogen receptor transcriptional program. Commun Biol 2024; 7:719. [PMID: 38862711 PMCID: PMC11167054 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) is a major lineage determining transcription factor (TF) in mammary gland development. Dysregulation of ERα-mediated transcriptional program results in cancer. Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of breast cancer cell lines has revealed large numbers of enhancers involved in this regulatory program, but how these enhancers encode function in their sequence remains poorly understood. A subset of ERα-bound enhancers are transcribed into short bidirectional RNA (enhancer RNA or eRNA), and this property is believed to be a reliable marker of active enhancers. We therefore analyze thousands of ERα-bound enhancers and build quantitative, mechanism-aware models to discriminate eRNAs from non-transcribing enhancers based on their sequence. Our thermodynamics-based models provide insights into the roles of specific TFs in ERα-mediated transcriptional program, many of which are supported by the literature. We use in silico perturbations to predict TF-enhancer regulatory relationships and integrate these findings with experimentally determined enhancer-promoter interactions to construct a gene regulatory network. We also demonstrate that the model can prioritize breast cancer-related sequence variants while providing mechanistic explanations for their function. Finally, we experimentally validate the model-proposed mechanisms underlying three such variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Tabe-Bordbar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - You Jin Song
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bryan J Lunt
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zahra Alavi
- Department of Physics, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Min Q, Zheng K, Liu T, Wang Z, Xue X, Li W, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Qiao F, Chen J, Su X, Han S. Transcriptomic Profiles of Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Target Protein-Coding Genes Reveals Speciation Adaptation on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau in Orinus. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:349. [PMID: 38785831 PMCID: PMC11118044 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules longer than 200 nt, which lack the ability to encode proteins and are involved in multifarious growth, development, and regulatory processes in plants and mammals. However, the environmental-regulated expression profiles of lncRNAs in Orinus that may associated with their adaptation on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QTP) have never been characterized. Here, we utilized transcriptomic sequencing data of two Orinus species (O. thoroldii and O. kokonoricus) to identify 1624 lncRNAs, including 1119 intergenic lncRNAs, 200 antisense lncRNAs, five intronic lncRNAs, and 300 sense lncRNAs. In addition, the evolutionary relationships of Orinus lncRNAs showed limited sequence conservation among 39 species, which implied that Orinus-specific lncRNAs contribute to speciation adaptation evolution. Furthermore, considering the cis-regulation mechanism, from 286 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and their nearby protein coding genes (PCGs) between O. thoroldii and O. kokonoricus, 128 lncRNA-PCG pairs were obtained in O. thoroldii, whereas 92 lncRNA-PCG pairs were obtained in O. kokonoricus. In addition, a total of 19 lncRNA-PCG pairs in O. thoroldii and 14 lncRNA-PCG pairs in O. kokonoricus were found to participate in different biological processes, indicating that the different expression profiles of DElncRNAs between O. thoroldii and O. kokonoricus were associated with their adaptation at different elevations on the QTP. We also found several pairs of DElncRNA nearby transcription factors (TFs), indicating that these DElncRNAs regulate the expression of TFs to aid O. thoroldii in adapting to the environment. Therefore, this work systematically identified a series of lncRNAs in Orinus, laying the groundwork for further exploration into the biological function of Orinus in environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Min
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (Q.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Kaifeng Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (K.Z.); (X.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Qinghai University of Science and Technology, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Zitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (Q.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiuhua Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (K.Z.); (X.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Wanjie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (K.Z.); (X.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Yuping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (Q.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (Q.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Feng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (Q.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (Q.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Xu Su
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; (Q.M.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Shengcheng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (K.Z.); (X.X.); (W.L.)
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
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Nagy G, Bojcsuk D, Tzerpos P, Cseh T, Nagy L. Lineage-determining transcription factor-driven promoters regulate cell type-specific macrophage gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4234-4256. [PMID: 38348998 PMCID: PMC11077085 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian promoters consist of multifarious elements, which make them unique and support the selection of the proper transcript variants required under diverse conditions in distinct cell types. However, their direct DNA-transcription factor (TF) interactions are mostly unidentified. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) are a widely used model for studying gene expression regulation. Thus, this model serves as a rich source of various next-generation sequencing data sets, including a large number of TF cistromes. By processing and integrating the available cistromic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data from BMDMs, we characterized the macrophage-specific direct DNA-TF interactions, with a particular emphasis on those specific for promoters. Whilst active promoters are enriched for certain types of typically methylatable elements, more than half of them contain non-methylatable and prototypically promoter-distal elements. In addition, circa 14% of promoters-including that of Csf1r-are composed exclusively of 'distal' elements that provide cell type-specific gene regulation by specialized TFs. Similar to CG-rich promoters, these also contain methylatable CG sites that are demethylated in a significant portion and show high polymerase activity. We conclude that this unusual class of promoters regulates cell type-specific gene expression in macrophages, and such a mechanism might exist in other cell types too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Bojcsuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tímea Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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Li Y, Huang R, Ye J, Han X, Meng T, Song D, Yin H. Identification of key eRNAs for intervertebral disc degeneration by integrated multinomial bioinformatics analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:356. [PMID: 38704519 PMCID: PMC11069191 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common degenerative condition leading to abnormal stress distribution under load, causing intervertebral stenosis, facet joint degeneration, and foraminal stenosis. Very little is known about the molecular mechanism of eRNAs in IVDD. METHODS Gene expression profiles of 38 annulus disc samples composed of 27 less degenerated discs (LDs) and 11 more degenerated discs (MDs) were retrieved from the GEO database. Then, differentially expressed enhancer RNAs (DEeRNAs), differentially expressed target genes (DETGs), and differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs), hallmark of cancer signalling pathways according to GSVA; the types and quantity of immune cells according to CIBERSORT; and immune gene sets according to ssGSEA were analysed to construct an IVDD-related eRNA network. Then, multidimensional validation was performed to explore the interactions among DEeRNAs, DETFs and DEGs in space. RESULTS A total of 53 components, 14 DETGs, 15 DEeRNAs, 3 DETFs, 5 immune cells, 9 hallmarks, and 7 immune gene sets, were selected to construct the regulatory network. After validation by online multidimensional databases, 21 interactive DEeRNA-DEG-DETF axes related to IVDD exacerbation were identified, among which the C1S-CTNNB1-CHD4 axis was the most significant. CONCLUSION Based upon the results of our study, we theorize that the C1S-CTNNB1-CHD4 axis plays a vital role in IVDD exacerbation. Specifically, C1S recruits CTNNB1 and upregulates the expression of CHD4 in IVDD, and subsequently, CHD4 suppresses glycolysis and activates oxidative phosphorylation, thus generating insoluble collagen fibre deposits and leading to the progression of IVDD. Overall, these DEeRNAs could comprise promising therapeutic targets for IVDD due to their high tissue specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaying Han
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Gómez Acuña LI, Flyamer I, Boyle S, Friman ET, Bickmore WA. Transcription decouples estrogen-dependent changes in enhancer-promoter contact frequencies and spatial proximity. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011277. [PMID: 38781242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
How enhancers regulate their target genes in the context of 3D chromatin organization is extensively studied and models which do not require direct enhancer-promoter contact have recently emerged. Here, we use the activation of estrogen receptor-dependent enhancers in a breast cancer cell line to study enhancer-promoter communication at two loci. This allows high temporal resolution tracking of molecular events from hormone stimulation to efficient gene activation. We examine how both enhancer-promoter spatial proximity assayed by DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, and contact frequencies resulting from chromatin in situ fragmentation and proximity ligation, change dynamically during enhancer-driven gene activation. These orthogonal methods produce seemingly paradoxical results: upon enhancer activation enhancer-promoter contact frequencies increase while spatial proximity decreases. We explore this apparent discrepancy using different estrogen receptor ligands and transcription inhibitors. Our data demonstrate that enhancer-promoter contact frequencies are transcription independent whereas altered enhancer-promoter proximity depends on transcription. Our results emphasize that the relationship between contact frequencies and physical distance in the nucleus, especially over short genomic distances, is not always a simple one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana I Gómez Acuña
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ilya Flyamer
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shelagh Boyle
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elias T Friman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy A Bickmore
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Tripathy S, Nagari A, Chiu SP, Nandu T, Camacho CV, Mahendroo M, Kraus WL. Relaxin Modulates the Genomic Actions and Biological Effects of Estrogen in the Myometrium by Reducing Estrogen Receptor Alpha Phosphorylation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589654. [PMID: 38659934 PMCID: PMC11042280 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) and relaxin (Rln) are steroid and polypeptide hormones, respectively, with important roles in the female reproductive tract, including myometrium. Some actions of Rln, which are mediated by its membrane receptor RXFP1, require or are augmented by E2 signaling through its cognate nuclear steroid receptor, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). In contrast, other actions of Rln act in opposition to the effects of E2. Here we explore the molecular and genomic mechanisms that underlie the functional interplay between E2 and Rln in the myometrium. We used both ovariectomized female mice and immortalized human myometrial cells expressing wild type or mutant ERα (hTERT-HM-ERα cells). Our results indicate that Rln attenuates the genomic actions and biological effects of estrogen in the myometrium and myometrial cells by reducing phosphorylation ERα on serine 118 (S118). Interestingly, we observed a potent inhibitory effect of Rln on the E2-dependent binding of ERα across the genome. The reduction in ERα binding was associated with changes in the hormone-regulated transcriptome, including a decrease in the E2-dependent expression of neighboring genes. The inhibitory effects of Rln cotreatment on the E2-dependent phosphorylation of ERα required the nuclear dual-specificity phosphatases DUSP1 and DUSP5. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of Rln were reflected in a concomitant inhibition of the E2-dependent contraction of myometrial cells. Collectively, our results identify a pathway that integrates Rln/RXFP1 and E2/ERα signaling, resulting in a convergence of membrane and nuclear signaling pathways to control genomic and biological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Tripathy
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Laboratory of Cervical Remodeling and Preterm Birth, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Section of Laboratory Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anusha Nagari
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Computational Core Facility, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shu-Ping Chiu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tulip Nandu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Computational Core Facility, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cristel V. Camacho
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Section of Laboratory Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mala Mahendroo
- Laboratory of Cervical Remodeling and Preterm Birth, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Section of Laboratory Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Section of Laboratory Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Wang C, Chen C, Lei B, Qin S, Zhang Y, Li K, Zhang S, Liu Y. Constructing eRNA-mediated gene regulatory networks to explore the genetic basis of muscle and fat-relevant traits in pigs. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:28. [PMID: 38594607 PMCID: PMC11003151 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation. While significant progress has been made in understanding epigenetic regulation mediated by eRNAs, research on the construction of eRNA-mediated gene regulatory networks (eGRN) and the identification of critical network components that influence complex traits is lacking. RESULTS Here, employing the pig as a model, we conducted a comprehensive study using H3K27ac histone ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data to construct eRNA expression profiles from multiple tissues of two distinct pig breeds, namely Enshi Black (ES) and Duroc. In addition to revealing the regulatory landscape of eRNAs at the tissue level, we developed an innovative network construction and refinement method by integrating RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals and enhancer-modulating effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) measured by self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) experiments. Using this approach, we unraveled eGRN that significantly influence the growth and development of muscle and fat tissues, and identified several novel genes that affect adipocyte differentiation in a cell line model. CONCLUSIONS Our work not only provides novel insights into the genetic basis of economic pig traits, but also offers a generalizable approach to elucidate the eRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation underlying a wide spectrum of complex traits for diverse organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Choulin Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Lei
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Qin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528226, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Jones T, Sigauke RF, Sanford L, Taatjes DJ, Allen MA, Dowell RD. A transcription factor (TF) inference method that broadly measures TF activity and identifies mechanistically distinct TF networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585303. [PMID: 38559193 PMCID: PMC10980006 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
TF profiler is a method of inferring transcription factor regulatory activity, i.e. when a TF is present and actively regulating transcription, directly directly from nascent sequencing assays such as PRO-seq and GRO-seq. Transcription factors orchestrate transcription and play a critical role in cellular maintenance, identity and response to external stimuli. While ChIP assays have measured DNA localization, they fall short of identifying when and where transcription factors are actively regulating transcription. Our method, on the other hand, uses RNA polymerase activity to infer TF activity across hundreds of data sets and transcription factors. Based on these classifications we identify three distinct classes of transcription factors: ubiquitous factors that play roles in cellular homeostasis, driving basal gene programs across tissues and cell types, tissue specific factors that act almost exclusively at enhancers and are themselves regulated at transcription, and stimulus responsive TFs which are regulated post-transcriptionally but act predominantly at enhancers. TF profiler is broadly applicable, providing regulatory insights on any PRO-seq sample for any transcription factor with a known binding motif.
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10
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Lin L, Yang Q, Zhang L. Differential Expression of Noncoding RNAs Revealed Enhancer RNA AC016735.2 as a Potential Pathogenic Marker of Congenital Microtia Patients. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:00001665-990000000-01401. [PMID: 38456687 PMCID: PMC11045553 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital microtia is a complex maxillofacial malformation with various risk factors. This study aimed to find potential pathogenic noncoding RNAs for congenital microtia patients. METHODS We collected 3 pairs of residual ear cartilage samples and corresponding normal ear cartilage samples from nonsyndromic congenital microtia patients for microarray experiments. The differentially expressed RNAs were screened, and enrichment analysis and correlation expression analysis were performed to elucidate the function of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We further investigated the most significantly differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), AC016735.2, through follow-up analyses including RT-qPCR and Western blotting, to validate its differential expression in residual ear cartilage compared with normal ear cartilage. SiRNA was designed to study the regulatory role of AC016735.2, and cell proliferation experiments were conducted to explore its impact on residual ear chondrocytes. RESULTS Analysis of the microarray data revealed a total of 1079 differentially expressed RNAs, including 305 mRNAs and x lncRNAs, using a threshold of FC>1.5 and P<0.05 for mRNA, and FC>1.0 and P<0.05 for lncRNA. Enrichment analysis indicated that these genes are mainly involved in extracellular matrix regulation and embryonic development. AC016735.2 showed the highest differential expression among the eRNAs, being upregulated in residual ear cartilage. It acts in cis to regulate the nearby coding gene ZFP36L2, indirectly affecting downstream genes such as BMP4, TWSG1, COL2A1, and COL9A2. CONCLUSION Significant differences were observed in the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs between residual ear cartilage and normal auricular cartilage tissues in the same genetic background of congenital microtia. These differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs may play crucial roles in the occurrence and development of microtia through pathways associated with extracellular matrix regulation and gastrulation. Particularly, AC016735.2, an eRNA acting in cis, could serve as a potential pathogenic noncoding gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Ear Reconstruction Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Plastic Surgery Department, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyong Zhao
- Ear Reconstruction Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Ear Reconstruction Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Ear Reconstruction Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Laser Treatment Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Silver BD, Willett CG, Maher KA, Wang D, Deal RB. Differences in transcription initiation directionality underlie distinctions between plants and animals in chromatin modification patterns at genes and cis-regulatory elements. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae016. [PMID: 38253712 PMCID: PMC10917500 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptional initiation is among the first regulated steps controlling eukaryotic gene expression. High-throughput profiling of fungal and animal genomes has revealed that RNA Polymerase II often initiates transcription in both directions at the promoter transcription start site, but generally only elongates productively into the gene body. Additionally, Pol II can initiate transcription in both directions at cis-regulatory elements such as enhancers. These bidirectional RNA Polymerase II initiation events can be observed directly with methods that capture nascent transcripts, and they are also revealed indirectly by the presence of transcription-associated histone modifications on both sides of the transcription start site or cis-regulatory elements. Previous studies have shown that nascent RNAs and transcription-associated histone modifications in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana accumulate mainly in the gene body, suggesting that transcription does not initiate widely in the upstream direction from genes in this plant. We compared transcription-associated histone modifications and nascent transcripts at both transcription start sites and cis-regulatory elements in A. thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, and Homo sapiens. Our results provide evidence for mostly unidirectional RNA Polymerase II initiation at both promoters and gene-proximal cis-regulatory elements of A. thaliana, whereas bidirectional transcription initiation is observed widely at promoters in both D. melanogaster and H. sapiens, as well as cis-regulatory elements in Drosophila. Furthermore, the distribution of transcription-associated histone modifications around transcription start sites in the Oryza sativa (rice) and Glycine max (soybean) genomes suggests that unidirectional transcription initiation is the norm in these genomes as well. These results suggest that there are fundamental differences in transcriptional initiation directionality between flowering plant and metazoan genomes, which are manifested as distinct patterns of chromatin modifications around RNA polymerase initiation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna D Silver
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Courtney G Willett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kelsey A Maher
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roger B Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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12
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Terrón-Bautista J, Martínez-Sánchez MDM, López-Hernández L, Vadusevan AA, García-Domínguez M, Williams RS, Aguilera A, Millán-Zambrano G, Cortés-Ledesma F. Topological regulation of the estrogen transcriptional response by ZATT-mediated inhibition of TOP2B activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576640. [PMID: 38328138 PMCID: PMC10849543 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Human type-II topoisomerases, TOP2A and TOP2B, remove transcription associated DNA supercoiling, thereby affecting gene-expression programs, and have recently been associated with 3D genome architecture. Here, we study the regulatory roles of TOP2 paralogs in response to estrogen, which triggers an acute transcriptional induction that involves rewiring of genome organization. We find that, whereas TOP2A facilitates transcription, as expected for a topoisomerase, TOP2B limits the estrogen response. Consistent with this, TOP2B activity is locally downregulated upon estrogen treatment to favor the establishment and stabilization of regulatory chromatin contacts, likely through an accumulation of DNA supercoiling. We show that estrogen-mediated inhibition of TOP2B requires estrogen receptor α (ERα), a non-catalytic function of TOP2A, and the action of the atypical SUMO-ligase ZATT. This mechanism of topological transcriptional-control, which may be shared by additional gene-expression circuits, highlights the relevance of DNA topoisomerases as central actors of genome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Terrón-Bautista
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Topology and DNA Breaks Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - Laura López-Hernández
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ananda Ayyappan Vadusevan
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - R. Scott Williams
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Millán-Zambrano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Felipe Cortés-Ledesma
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Topology and DNA Breaks Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Lead contact
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13
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Owen DM, Kwon M, Huang X, Nagari A, Nandu T, Kraus WL. Genome-wide identification of transcriptional enhancers during human placental development and association with function, differentiation, and disease†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:965-981. [PMID: 37694817 PMCID: PMC10724456 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a dynamic organ that must perform a remarkable variety of functions during its relatively short existence in order to support a developing fetus. These functions include nutrient delivery, gas exchange, waste removal, hormone production, and immune barrier protection. Proper placenta development and function are critical for healthy pregnancy outcomes, but the underlying genomic regulatory events that control this process remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that mapping sites of transcriptional enhancer activity and associated changes in gene expression across gestation in human placenta tissue would identify genomic loci and predicted transcription factor activity related to critical placenta functions. We used a suite of genomic assays [i.e., RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), Precision run-on-sequencing (PRO-seq), and Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq)] and computational pipelines to identify a set of >20 000 enhancers that are active at various time points in gestation. Changes in the activity of these enhancers correlate with changes in gene expression. In addition, some of these enhancers encode risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. We further show that integrating enhancer activity, transcription factor motif analysis, and transcription factor expression can identify distinct sets of transcription factors predicted to be more active either in early pregnancy or at term. Knockdown of selected identified transcription factors in a trophoblast stem cell culture model altered the expression of key placental marker genes. These observations provide a framework for future mechanistic studies of individual enhancer-transcription factor-target gene interactions and have the potential to inform genetic risk prediction for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Owen
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of General Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Minjung Kwon
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xuan Huang
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anusha Nagari
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tulip Nandu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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14
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Sigauke RF, Sanford L, Maas ZL, Jones T, Stanley JT, Townsend HA, Allen MA, Dowell RD. Atlas of nascent RNA transcripts reveals enhancer to gene linkages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.07.570626. [PMID: 38105978 PMCID: PMC10723487 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Gene transcription is controlled and modulated by regulatory regions, including enhancers and promoters. These regions are abundant in unstable, non-coding bidirectional transcription. Using nascent RNA transcription data across hundreds of human samples, we identified over 800,000 regions containing bidirectional transcription. We then identify highly correlated transcription between bidirectional and gene regions. The identified correlated pairs, a bidirectional region and a gene, are enriched for disease associated SNPs and often supported by independent 3D data. We present these resources as an SQL database which serves as a resource for future studies into gene regulation, enhancer associated RNAs, and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutendo F. Sigauke
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB 596, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Lynn Sanford
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB 596, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Zachary L. Maas
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB 596, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 430, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Taylor Jones
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB 596, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Jacob T. Stanley
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB 596, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Hope A. Townsend
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB 596, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1945 Colorado Ave, UCB 347, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Mary A. Allen
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB 596, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - Robin D. Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB 596, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 430, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1945 Colorado Ave, UCB 347, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
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15
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Abstract
Enhancers are cis-regulatory elements that can stimulate gene expression from distance, and drive precise spatiotemporal gene expression profiles during development. Functional enhancers display specific features including an open chromatin conformation, Histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation, Histone H3 lysine 4 mono-methylation enrichment, and enhancer RNAs production. These features are modified upon developmental cues which impacts their activity. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge about enhancer functions and the diverse chromatin signatures found on enhancers. We also discuss the dynamic changes of enhancer chromatin signatures, and their impact on lineage specific gene expression profiles, during development or cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Barral
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,CONTACT Amandine Barral Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. 3400 Civic Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, USA
| | - Jérôme Déjardin
- Biology of repetitive sequences, Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, Montpellier, France,Jérôme Déjardin Biology of repetitive sequences, Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier34000, France
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16
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Dastidar SG, De Kumar B, Lauckner B, Parrello D, Perley D, Vlasenok M, Tyagi A, Koney NKK, Abbas A, Nechaev S. Transcriptional responses of cancer cells to heat shock-inducing stimuli involve amplification of robust HSF1 binding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7420. [PMID: 37973875 PMCID: PMC10654513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses of cells to stimuli are increasingly discovered to involve the binding of sequence-specific transcription factors outside of known target genes. We wanted to determine to what extent the genome-wide binding and function of a transcription factor are shaped by the cell type versus the stimulus. To do so, we induced the Heat Shock Response pathway in two different cancer cell lines with two different stimuli and related the binding of its master regulator HSF1 to nascent RNA and chromatin accessibility. Here, we show that HSF1 binding patterns retain their identity between basal conditions and under different magnitudes of activation, so that common HSF1 binding is globally associated with distinct transcription outcomes. HSF1-induced increase in DNA accessibility was modest in scale, but occurred predominantly at remote genomic sites. Apart from regulating transcription at existing elements including promoters and enhancers, HSF1 binding amplified during responses to stimuli may engage inactive chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Ghosh Dastidar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | - Bony De Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Bo Lauckner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Damien Parrello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Danielle Perley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Maria Vlasenok
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Antariksh Tyagi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
- University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ata Abbas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sergei Nechaev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
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17
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Silver BD, Willett CG, Maher KA, Wang D, Deal RB. Differences in transcription initiation directionality underlie distinctions between plants and animals in chromatin modification patterns at genes and cis-regulatory elements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565513. [PMID: 37961418 PMCID: PMC10635121 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional initiation is among the first regulated steps controlling eukaryotic gene expression. High-throughput profiling of fungal and animal genomes has revealed that RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) often initiates transcription in both directions at the promoter transcription start site (TSS), but generally only elongates productively into the gene body. Additionally, Pol II can initiate transcription in both directions at cis-regulatory elements (CREs) such as enhancers. These bidirectional Pol II initiation events can be observed directly with methods that capture nascent transcripts, and they are also revealed indirectly by the presence of transcription-associated histone modifications on both sides of the TSS or CRE. Previous studies have shown that nascent RNAs and transcription-associated histone modifications in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana accumulate mainly in the gene body, suggesting that transcription does not initiate widely in the upstream direction from genes in this plant. We compared transcription-associated histone modifications and nascent transcripts at both TSSs and CREs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, and Homo sapiens. Our results provide evidence for mostly unidirectional Pol II initiation at both promoters and gene-proximal CREs of Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas bidirectional transcription initiation is observed widely at promoters in both Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens, as well as CREs in Drosophila. Furthermore, the distribution of transcription-associated histone modifications around TSSs in the Oryza sativa (rice) and Glycine max (soybean) genomes suggests that unidirectional transcription initiation is the norm in these genomes as well. These results suggest that there are fundamental differences in transcriptional initiation directionality between flowering plant and metazoan genomes, which are manifested as distinct patterns of chromatin modifications around RNA polymerase initiation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna D. Silver
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Courtney G. Willett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Kelsey A. Maher
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Roger B. Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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18
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Lee SA, Kristjánsdóttir K, Kwak H. eRNA co-expression network uncovers TF dependency and convergent cooperativity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19085. [PMID: 37925545 PMCID: PMC10625640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are non-coding RNAs produced by transcriptional enhancers that are highly correlated with their activity. Using a capped nascent RNA sequencing (PRO-cap) dataset in human lymphoblastoid cell lines across 67 individuals, we identified inter-individual variation in the expression of over 80 thousand transcribed transcriptional regulatory elements (tTREs), in both enhancers and promoters. Co-expression analysis of eRNAs from tTREs across individuals revealed how enhancers are associated with each other and with promoters. Mid- to long-range co-expression showed a distance-dependent decay that was modified by TF occupancy. In particular, we found a class of "bivalent" TFs, including Cohesin, that both facilitate and isolate the interaction between enhancers and/or promoters, depending on their topology. At short distances, we observed strand-specific correlations between nearby eRNAs in both convergent and divergent orientations. Our results support a cooperative model of convergent eRNAs, consistent with eRNAs facilitating adjacent enhancers rather than interfering with each other. Therefore, our approach to infer functional interactions from co-expression analyses provided novel insights into the principles of enhancer interactions as a function of distance, orientation, and binding landscapes of TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungha Alisa Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Katla Kristjánsdóttir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Hojoong Kwak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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19
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Arnold M, Stengel KR. Emerging insights into enhancer biology and function. Transcription 2023; 14:68-87. [PMID: 37312570 PMCID: PMC10353330 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2023.2222032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell type-specific gene expression is coordinated by DNA-encoded enhancers and the transcription factors (TFs) that bind to them in a sequence-specific manner. As such, these enhancers and TFs are critical mediators of normal development and altered enhancer or TF function is associated with the development of diseases such as cancer. While initially defined by their ability to activate gene transcription in reporter assays, putative enhancer elements are now frequently defined by their unique chromatin features including DNase hypersensitivity and transposase accessibility, bidirectional enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcription, CpG hypomethylation, high H3K27ac and H3K4me1, sequence-specific transcription factor binding, and co-factor recruitment. Identification of these chromatin features through sequencing-based assays has revolutionized our ability to identify enhancer elements on a genome-wide scale, and genome-wide functional assays are now capitalizing on this information to greatly expand our understanding of how enhancers function to provide spatiotemporal coordination of gene expression programs. Here, we highlight recent technological advances that are providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which these critical cis-regulatory elements function in gene control. We pay particular attention to advances in our understanding of enhancer transcription, enhancer-promoter syntax, 3D organization and biomolecular condensates, transcription factor and co-factor dependencies, and the development of genome-wide functional enhancer screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Arnold
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kristy R. Stengel
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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20
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Ntini E, Budach S, Vang Ørom UA, Marsico A. Genome-wide measurement of RNA dissociation from chromatin classifies transcripts by their dynamics and reveals rapid dissociation of enhancer lncRNAs. Cell Syst 2023; 14:906-922.e6. [PMID: 37857083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in gene expression regulation in cis. Although enriched in the cell chromatin fraction, to what degree this defines their regulatory potential remains unclear. Furthermore, the factors underlying lncRNA chromatin tethering, as well as the molecular basis of efficient lncRNA chromatin dissociation and its impact on enhancer activity and target gene expression, remain to be resolved. Here, we developed chrTT-seq, which combines the pulse-chase metabolic labeling of nascent RNA with chromatin fractionation and transient transcriptome sequencing to follow nascent RNA transcripts from their transcription on chromatin to release and allows the quantification of dissociation dynamics. By incorporating genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic metrics, as well as RNA-binding protein propensities, in machine learning models, we identify features that define transcript groups of different chromatin dissociation dynamics. Notably, lncRNAs transcribed from enhancers display reduced chromatin retention, suggesting that, in addition to splicing, their chromatin dissociation may shape enhancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Ntini
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, IMBB-FORTH, 70013 Heraklio, Greece.
| | - Stefan Budach
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf A Vang Ørom
- Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annalisa Marsico
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
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21
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de Langen P, Hammal F, Guéret E, Mouren JC, Spinelli L, Ballester B. Characterizing intergenic transcription at RNA polymerase II binding sites in normal and cancer tissues. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100411. [PMID: 37868033 PMCID: PMC10589727 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Intergenic transcription in normal and cancerous tissues is pervasive but incompletely understood. To investigate this, we constructed an atlas of over 180,000 consensus RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-bound intergenic regions from 900 RNAPII chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments in normal and cancer samples. Through unsupervised analysis, we identified 51 RNAPII consensus clusters, many of which mapped to specific biotypes and revealed tissue-specific regulatory signatures. We developed a meta-clustering methodology to integrate our RNAPII atlas with active transcription across 28,797 RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE). This analysis revealed strong tissue- and disease-specific interconnections between RNAPII occupancy and transcriptional activity. We demonstrate that intergenic transcription at RNAPII-bound regions is a novel per-cancer and pan-cancer biomarker. This biomarker displays genomic and clinically relevant characteristics, distinguishing cancer subtypes and linking to overall survival. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of coherent data integration to uncover intergenic transcriptional activity in normal and cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elise Guéret
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGC, Marseille, France
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22
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Chen L, Zhang Z, Han Q, Maity BK, Rodrigues L, Zboril E, Adhikari R, Ko SH, Li X, Yoshida SR, Xue P, Smith E, Xu K, Wang Q, Huang THM, Chong S, Liu Z. Hormone-induced enhancer assembly requires an optimal level of hormone receptor multivalent interactions. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3438-3456.e12. [PMID: 37738977 PMCID: PMC10592010 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) activate enhancers to drive cell-specific gene programs in response to signals, but our understanding of enhancer assembly during signaling events is incomplete. Here, we show that androgen receptor (AR) forms condensates through multivalent interactions mediated by its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) to orchestrate enhancer assembly in response to androgen signaling. AR IDR can be substituted by IDRs from selective proteins for AR condensation capacity and its function on enhancers. Expansion of the poly(Q) track within AR IDR results in a higher AR condensation propensity as measured by multiple methods, including live-cell single-molecule microscopy. Either weakening or strengthening AR condensation propensity impairs its heterotypic multivalent interactions with other enhancer components and diminishes its transcriptional activity. Our work reveals the requirement of an optimal level of AR condensation in mediating enhancer assembly and suggests that alteration of the fine-tuned multivalent IDR-IDR interactions might underlie AR-related human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Qinyu Han
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Barun K Maity
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Leticia Rodrigues
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Emily Zboril
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rashmi Adhikari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Su-Hyuk Ko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Shawn R Yoshida
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pengya Xue
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Emilie Smith
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Qianben Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tim Hui-Ming Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Shasha Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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23
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Li AM, He B, Karagiannis D, Li Y, Jiang H, Srinivasan P, Ramirez Y, Zhou MN, Curtis C, Gruber JJ, Lu C, Rankin EB, Ye J. Serine starvation silences estrogen receptor signaling through histone hypoacetylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302489120. [PMID: 37695911 PMCID: PMC10515173 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302489120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of estrogen receptor (ER) pathway activity promotes breast cancer progression, yet how this occurs remains poorly understood. Here, we show that serine starvation, a metabolic stress often found in breast cancer, represses estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling by reprogramming glucose metabolism and epigenetics. Using isotope tracing and time-resolved metabolomic analyses, we demonstrate that serine is required to maintain glucose flux through glycolysis and the TCA cycle to support acetyl-CoA generation for histone acetylation. Consequently, limiting serine depletes histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), particularly at the promoter region of ER pathway genes including the gene encoding ERα, ESR1. Mechanistically, serine starvation impairs acetyl-CoA-dependent gene expression by inhibiting the entry of glycolytic carbon into the TCA cycle and down-regulating the mitochondrial citrate exporter SLC25A1, a critical enzyme in the production of nucleocytosolic acetyl-CoA from glucose. Consistent with this model, total H3K27ac and ERα expression are suppressed by SLC25A1 inhibition and restored by acetate, an alternate source of acetyl-CoA, in serine-free conditions. We thus uncover an unexpected role for serine in sustaining ER signaling through the regulation of acetyl-CoA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bo He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Dimitris Karagiannis
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Preethi Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yaniel Ramirez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Meng-Ning Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Christina Curtis
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joshua J Gruber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Erinn B Rankin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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24
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Palau A, Segerberg F, Lidschreiber M, Lidschreiber K, Naughton AJ, Needhamsen M, Jung LA, Jagodic M, Cramer P, Lehmann S, Carlsten M, Lennartsson A. Perturbed epigenetic transcriptional regulation in AML with IDH mutations causes increased susceptibility to NK cells. Leukemia 2023; 37:1830-1841. [PMID: 37495775 PMCID: PMC10457197 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are found in 20% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, only 30-40% of the patients respond to IDH inhibitors (IDHi). We aimed to identify a molecular vulnerability to tailor novel therapies for AML patients with IDH mutations. We characterized the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape with the IDH2i AG-221, using an IDH2 mutated AML cell line model and AML patient cohorts, and discovered a perturbed transcriptional regulatory network involving myeloid transcription factors that were partly restored after AG-221 treatment. In addition, hypermethylation of the HLA cluster caused a down-regulation of HLA class I genes, triggering an enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activation and an increased susceptibility to NK cell-mediated responses. Finally, analyses of DNA methylation data from IDHi-treated patients showed that non-responders still harbored hypermethylation in HLA class I genes. In conclusion, this study provides new insights suggesting that IDH mutated AML is particularly sensitive to NK cell-based personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palau
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Segerberg
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Lidschreiber
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Lidschreiber
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aonghus J Naughton
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lisa Anna Jung
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Hematology Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Lennartsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Bressin A, Jasnovidova O, Arnold M, Altendorfer E, Trajkovski F, Kratz TA, Handzlik JE, Hnisz D, Mayer A. High-sensitive nascent transcript sequencing reveals BRD4-specific control of widespread enhancer and target gene transcription. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4971. [PMID: 37591883 PMCID: PMC10435483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is under control of promoters and distal regulatory elements known as enhancers. Enhancers are themselves transcribed by Pol II correlating with their activity. How enhancer transcription is regulated and coordinated with transcription at target genes has remained unclear. Here, we developed a high-sensitive native elongating transcript sequencing approach, called HiS-NET-seq, to provide an extended high-resolution view on transcription, especially at lowly transcribed regions such as enhancers. HiS-NET-seq uncovers new transcribed enhancers in human cells. A multi-omics analysis shows that genome-wide enhancer transcription depends on the BET family protein BRD4. Specifically, BRD4 co-localizes to enhancer and promoter-proximal gene regions, and is required for elongation activation at enhancers and their genes. BRD4 keeps a set of enhancers and genes in proximity through long-range contacts. From these studies BRD4 emerges as a general regulator of enhancer transcription that may link transcription at enhancers and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkatrin Bressin
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Jasnovidova
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Arnold
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Altendorfer
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Filip Trajkovski
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas A Kratz
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna E Handzlik
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denes Hnisz
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Li Q, Liu X, Wen J, Chen X, Xie B, Zhao Y. Enhancer RNAs: mechanisms in transcriptional regulation and functions in diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:191. [PMID: 37537618 PMCID: PMC10398997 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasingly more non-coding RNAs have been detected with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs). The discovery of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) in 2010 has further broadened the range of non-coding RNAs revealed. eRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules produced by the transcription of DNA cis-acting elements, enhancer fragments. Recent studies revealed that the transcription of eRNAs may be a biological marker responding to enhancer activity that can participate in the regulation of coding gene transcription. In this review, we discussed the biological characteristics of eRNAs, their functions in transcriptional regulation, the regulation factors of eRNAs production, and the research progress of eRNAs in different diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Bumin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Fan K, Pfister E, Weng Z. Toward a comprehensive catalog of regulatory elements. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1091-1111. [PMID: 36935423 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory elements are the genomic regions that interact with transcription factors to control cell-type-specific gene expression in different cellular environments. A precise and complete catalog of functional elements encoded by the human genome is key to understanding mammalian gene regulation. Here, we review the current state of regulatory element annotation. We first provide an overview of assays for characterizing functional elements, including genome, epigenome, transcriptome, three-dimensional chromatin interaction, and functional validation assays. We then discuss computational methods for defining regulatory elements, including peak-calling and other statistical modeling methods. Finally, we introduce several high-quality lists of regulatory element annotations and suggest potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Fan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, ASC5-1069, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Edith Pfister
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, ASC5-1069, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, ASC5-1069, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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28
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Hamdan FH, Abdelrahman AM, Kutschat AP, Wang X, Ekstrom TL, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Wegner Wippel C, Taheri N, Tamon L, Kopp W, Aggrey-Fynn J, Bhagwate AV, Alva-Ruiz R, Lynch I, Yonkus J, Kosinsky RL, Gaedcke J, Hahn SA, Siveke JT, Graham R, Najafova Z, Hessmann E, Truty MJ, Johnsen SA. Interactive enhancer hubs (iHUBs) mediate transcriptional reprogramming and adaptive resistance in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2023; 72:1174-1185. [PMID: 36889906 PMCID: PMC10402638 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) displays a remarkable propensity towards therapy resistance. However, molecular epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms enabling this are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify novel mechanistic approaches to overcome or prevent resistance in PDAC. DESIGN We used in vitro and in vivo models of resistant PDAC and integrated epigenomic, transcriptomic, nascent RNA and chromatin topology data. We identified a JunD-driven subgroup of enhancers, called interactive hubs (iHUBs), which mediate transcriptional reprogramming and chemoresistance in PDAC. RESULTS iHUBs display characteristics typical for active enhancers (H3K27ac enrichment) in both therapy sensitive and resistant states but exhibit increased interactions and production of enhancer RNA (eRNA) in the resistant state. Notably, deletion of individual iHUBs was sufficient to decrease transcription of target genes and sensitise resistant cells to chemotherapy. Overlapping motif analysis and transcriptional profiling identified the activator protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor JunD as a master transcription factor of these enhancers. JunD depletion decreased iHUB interaction frequency and transcription of target genes. Moreover, targeting either eRNA production or signaling pathways upstream of iHUB activation using clinically tested small molecule inhibitors decreased eRNA production and interaction frequency, and restored chemotherapy responsiveness in vitro and in vivo. Representative iHUB target genes were found to be more expressed in patients with poor response to chemotherapy compared with responsive patients. CONCLUSION Our findings identify an important role for a subgroup of highly connected enhancers (iHUBs) in regulating chemotherapy response and demonstrate targetability in sensitisation to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feda H Hamdan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ana Patricia Kutschat
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas L Ekstrom
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Negar Taheri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Liezel Tamon
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Waltraut Kopp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 5002 (KFO5002), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joana Aggrey-Fynn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aditya V Bhagwate
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Isaac Lynch
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer Yonkus
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI Oncology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rondell Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 5002 (KFO5002), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark J Truty
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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29
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Nikolic A, Maule F, Bobyn A, Ellestad K, Paik S, Marhon SA, Mehdipour P, Lun X, Chen HM, Mallard C, Hay AJ, Johnston MJ, Gafuik CJ, Zemp FJ, Shen Y, Ninkovic N, Osz K, Labit E, Berger ND, Brownsey DK, Kelly JJ, Biernaskie J, Dirks PB, Derksen DJ, Jones SJM, Senger DL, Chan JA, Mahoney DJ, De Carvalho DD, Gallo M. macroH2A2 antagonizes epigenetic programs of stemness in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3062. [PMID: 37244935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal is a crucial property of glioblastoma cells that is enabled by the choreographed functions of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. Identifying targetable epigenetic mechanisms of self-renewal could therefore represent an important step toward developing effective treatments for this universally lethal cancer. Here we uncover an epigenetic axis of self-renewal mediated by the histone variant macroH2A2. With omics and functional assays deploying patient-derived in vitro and in vivo models, we show that macroH2A2 shapes chromatin accessibility at enhancer elements to antagonize transcriptional programs of self-renewal. macroH2A2 also sensitizes cells to small molecule-mediated cell death via activation of a viral mimicry response. Consistent with these results, our analyses of clinical cohorts indicate that high transcriptional levels of this histone variant are associated with better prognosis of high-grade glioma patients. Our results reveal a targetable epigenetic mechanism of self-renewal controlled by macroH2A2 and suggest additional treatment approaches for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nikolic
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Francesca Maule
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna Bobyn
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katrina Ellestad
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Seungil Paik
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Parinaz Mehdipour
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xueqing Lun
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Huey-Miin Chen
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Claire Mallard
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander J Hay
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael J Johnston
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher J Gafuik
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Franz J Zemp
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Ninkovic
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katalin Osz
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elodie Labit
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Compararive Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N Daniel Berger
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Duncan K Brownsey
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John J Kelly
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Compararive Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darren J Derksen
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donna L Senger
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas J Mahoney
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Gallo
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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30
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Shen Y, Huang Z, Yang R, Chen Y, Wang Q, Gao L. Insights into Enhancer RNAs: Biogenesis and Emerging Role in Brain Diseases. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:166-176. [PMID: 34612730 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211046889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enhancers are cis-acting elements that control the transcription of target genes and are transcribed into a class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) termed enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). eRNAs have shorter half-lives than mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs; however, the frequency of transcription of eRNAs is close to that of mRNAs. eRNA expression is associated with a high level of histone mark H3K27ac and a low level of H3K27me3. Although eRNAs only account for a small proportion of ncRNAs, their functions are important. eRNAs can not only increase enhancer activity by promoting the formation of enhancer-promoter loops but also regulate transcriptional activation. Increasing numbers of studies have found that eRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of brain diseases; however, further research into eRNAs is required. This review discusses the concept, characteristics, classification, function, and potential roles of eRNAs in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linbo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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31
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Guha P, Sen K, Chowdhury P, Mukherjee D. Estrogen receptors as potential therapeutic target in endometrial cancer. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2023; 43:19-26. [PMID: 36883690 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2023.2187643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological carcinomas in both developed and developing countries. Majority of the gynecological malignancies are hormonally driven where estrogen signaling acts as an oncogenic signal. Estrogen's effects are mediated via classical nuclear estrogen receptors; estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) and a trans-membrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30 and GPER). ERs and GPER through ligand binding triggers multiple downstream signaling pathways causing cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, migration, and apoptosis in various tissues including endometrium. Although the molecular aspect of estrogen function in ER-mediated signaling is now partly understood, the same is not true for GPER-mediated signaling in endometrial malignancies. Understanding the physiological roles of ERα and GPER in EC biology therefore leads to the identification of some novel therapeutic targets. Here we review the effect of estrogen signaling through ERα-and GPER in EC, major types, and some affordable treatment approaches for endometrial tumor patients which has interesting implications in understanding uterine cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Guha
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
| | - Koushik Sen
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.,Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, India
| | | | - Dilip Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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32
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Yeo SJ, Ying C, Fullwood MJ, Tergaonkar V. Emerging regulatory mechanisms of noncoding RNAs in topologically associating domains. Trends Genet 2023; 39:217-232. [PMID: 36642680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Topologically associating domains (TADs) are integral to spatial genome organization, instructing gene expression, and cell fate. Recently, several advances have uncovered roles for noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the regulation of the form and function of mammalian TADs. Phase separation has also emerged as a potential arbiter of ncRNAs in the regulation of TADs. In this review we discuss the implications of these novel findings in relation to how ncRNAs might structurally and functionally regulate TADs from two perspectives: moderating loop extrusion through interactions with architectural proteins, and facilitating TAD phase separation. Additionally, we propose future studies and directions to investigate these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jianjie Yeo
- Laboratory of NFκB Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Chen Ying
- Laboratory of NFκB Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Melissa Jane Fullwood
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NFκB Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Pathology and the Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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33
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Lee SA, Kristjánsdóttir K, Kwak H. Revealing eRNA interactions: TF dependency and convergent cooperativity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2592357. [PMID: 36909657 PMCID: PMC10002804 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592357/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are non-coding RNAs produced from transcriptional enhancers that are highly correlated with their activities. Using capped nascent RNA sequencing (PRO-cap) dataset in human lymphoblastoid cell lines across individuals, we identified inter-individual variation of expression in over 80 thousand transcribed transcriptional regulatory elements (tTREs), in both enhancers and promoters. Co-expression analysis of eRNAs from tTREs across individuals revealed how enhancers interact with each other and with promoters. Mid-to-long range interactions showed distance-dependent decay, which was modified by TF occupancy. In particular, we found a class of 'bivalent' TFs, including Cohesin, which both facilitates and insulates the interaction between enhancers and/or promoters depending on the topology. In short ranges, we observed strand specific interactions between nearby eRNAs in both convergent or divergent orientations. Our finding supports a cooperative convergent eRNA model, which is compatible with eRNA remodeling neighboring enhancers rather than interfering with each other. Therefore, our approach to infer functional interactions from co-expression analyses provided novel insights into the principles of enhancer interactions depending on the distance, orientation, and the binding landscapes of TFs.
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34
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Enhancer-promoter entanglement explains their transcriptional interdependence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216436120. [PMID: 36656865 PMCID: PMC9942820 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216436120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancers not only activate target promoters to stimulate messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis, but they themselves also undergo transcription to produce enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), the significance of which is not well understood. Transcription at the participating enhancer-promoter pair appears coordinated, but it is unclear why and how. Here, we employ cell-free transcription assays using constructs derived from the human GREB1 locus to demonstrate that transcription at an enhancer and its target promoter is interdependent. This interdependence is observable under conditions where direct enhancer-promoter contact (EPC) takes place. We demonstrate that transcription activation at a participating enhancer-promoter pair is dependent on i) the mutual availability of the enhancer and promoter, ii) the state of transcription at both the enhancer and promoter, iii) local abundance of both eRNA and mRNA, and iv) direct EPC. Our results suggest transcriptional interdependence between the enhancer and the promoter as the basis of their transcriptional concurrence and coordination throughout the genome. We propose a model where transcriptional concurrence, coordination and interdependence are possible if the participating enhancer and promoter are entangled in the form of EPC, reside in a proteinaceous bubble, and utilize shared transcriptional resources and regulatory inputs.
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35
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Estrogen-Inducible LncRNA BNAT1 Functions as a Modulator for Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223610. [PMID: 36429038 PMCID: PMC9688125 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in RNA studies have revealed that functional long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to the biology of cancers. In breast cancer, estrogen receptor α (ERα) is an essential transcription factor that primarily promotes the growth of luminal-type cancer, although only a small number of lncRNAs are identified as direct ERα targets and modulators for ERα signaling. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing for ER-positive breast cancer cells and identified a novel estrogen-inducible antisense RNA in the COL18A1 promoter region, named breast cancer natural antisense transcript 1 (BNAT1). In clinicopathological study, BNAT1 may have clinical relevance as a potential diagnostic factor for prognoses of ER-positive breast cancer patients based on an in situ hybridization study for breast cancer specimens. siRNA-mediated BNAT1 silencing significantly inhibited the in vitro and in vivo growth of tamoxifen-resistant ER-positive breast cancer cells. Notably, BNAT1 silencing repressed cell cycle progression whereas it promoted apoptosis. Microarray analysis revealed that BNAT1 silencing in estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells repressed estrogen signaling. We showed that BNAT1 knockdown decreased ERα expression and repressed ERα transactivation. RNA immunoprecipitation showed that BNAT1 physically binds to ERα protein. In summary, BNAT1 would play a critical role in the biology of ER-positive breast cancer by modulating ERα-dependent transcription regulation. We consider that BNAT1 could be a potential molecular target for diagnostic and therapeutic options targeting luminal-type and endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
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36
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Zheng M, Lin Y, Wang W, Zhao Y, Bao X. Application of nucleoside or nucleotide analogues in RNA dynamics and RNA-binding protein analysis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022; 13:e1722. [PMID: 35218164 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular RNAs undergo dynamic changes during RNA biological processes, which are tightly orchestrated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Yet, the investigation of RNA dynamics is hurdled by highly abundant steady-state RNAs, which make the signals of dynamic RNAs less detectable. Notably, the exert of nucleoside or nucleotide analogue-based RNA technologies has provided a remarkable platform for RNA dynamics research, revealing diverse unnoticed features in RNA metabolism. In this review, we focus on the application of two types of analogue-based RNA sequencing, antigen-/antibody- and click chemistry-based methodologies, and summarize the RNA dynamics features revealed. Moreover, we discuss emerging single-cell newly transcribed RNA sequencing methodologies based on nucleoside analogue labeling, which provides novel insights into RNA dynamics regulation at single-cell resolution. On the other hand, we also emphasize the identification of RBPs that interact with polyA, non-polyA RNAs, or newly transcribed RNAs and also their associated RNA-binding domains at genomewide level through ultraviolet crosslinking and mass spectrometry in different contexts. We anticipated that further modification and development of these analogue-based RNA and RBP capture technologies will aid in obtaining an unprecedented understanding of RNA biology. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Zheng
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangming Science City, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Biosafety, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xichen Bao
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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37
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Cortazar MA, Erickson B, Fong N, Pradhan SJ, Ntini E, Bentley DL. Xrn2 substrate mapping identifies torpedo loading sites and extensive premature termination of RNA pol II transcription. Genes Dev 2022; 36:1062-1078. [PMID: 36396340 PMCID: PMC9744234 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350004.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The exonuclease torpedo Xrn2 loads onto nascent RNA 5'-PO4 ends and chases down pol II to promote termination downstream from polyA sites. We report that Xrn2 is recruited to preinitiation complexes and "travels" to 3' ends of genes. Mapping of 5'-PO4 ends in nascent RNA identified Xrn2 loading sites stabilized by an active site mutant, Xrn2(D235A). Xrn2 loading sites are approximately two to 20 bases downstream from where CPSF73 cleaves at polyA sites and histone 3' ends. We propose that processing of all mRNA 3' ends comprises cleavage and limited 5'-3' trimming by CPSF73, followed by handoff to Xrn2. A similar handoff occurs at tRNA 3' ends, where cotranscriptional RNase Z cleavage generates novel Xrn2 substrates. Exonuclease-dead Xrn2 increased transcription in 3' flanking regions by inhibiting polyA site-dependent termination. Surprisingly, the mutant Xrn2 also rescued transcription in promoter-proximal regions to the same extent as in 3' flanking regions. eNET-seq revealed Xrn2-mediated degradation of sense and antisense nascent RNA within a few bases of the TSS, where 5'-PO4 ends may be generated by decapping or endonucleolytic cleavage. These results suggest that a major fraction of pol II complexes terminates prematurely close to the start site under normal conditions by an Xrn2-mediated torpedo mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Cortazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Benjamin Erickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Nova Fong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Sarala J. Pradhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Evgenia Ntini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion GR-70013, Greece
| | - David L. Bentley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Subtype and cell type specific expression of lncRNAs provide insight into breast cancer. Commun Biol 2022; 5:834. [PMID: 35982125 PMCID: PMC9388662 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in breast cancer pathogenesis through chromatin remodeling, transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation. We report robust associations between lncRNA expression and breast cancer clinicopathological features in two population-based cohorts: SCAN-B and TCGA. Using co-expression analysis of lncRNAs with protein coding genes, we discovered three distinct clusters of lncRNAs. In silico cell type deconvolution coupled with single-cell RNA-seq analyses revealed that these three clusters were driven by cell type specific expression of lncRNAs. In one cluster lncRNAs were expressed by cancer cells and were mostly associated with the estrogen signaling pathways. In the two other clusters, lncRNAs were expressed either by immune cells or fibroblasts of the tumor microenvironment. To further investigate the cis-regulatory regions driving lncRNA expression in breast cancer, we identified subtype-specific transcription factor (TF) occupancy at lncRNA promoters. We also integrated lncRNA expression with DNA methylation data to identify long-range regulatory regions for lncRNA which were validated using ChiA-Pet-Pol2 loops. lncRNAs play an important role in shaping the gene regulatory landscape in breast cancer. We provide a detailed subtype and cell type-specific expression of lncRNA, which improves the understanding of underlying transcriptional regulation in breast cancer.
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Abuhashem A, Chivu AG, Zhao Y, Rice EJ, Siepel A, Danko CG, Hadjantonakis AK. RNA Pol II pausing facilitates phased pluripotency transitions by buffering transcription. Genes Dev 2022; 36:gad.349565.122. [PMID: 35981753 PMCID: PMC9480856 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349565.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Promoter-proximal RNA Pol II pausing is a critical step in transcriptional control. Pol II pausing has been predominantly studied in tissue culture systems. While Pol II pausing has been shown to be required for mammalian development, the phenotypic and mechanistic details of this requirement are unknown. Here, we found that loss of Pol II pausing stalls pluripotent state transitions within the epiblast of the early mouse embryo. Using Nelfb -/- mice and a NELFB degron mouse pluripotent stem cell model, we show that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) representing the naïve state of pluripotency successfully initiate a transition program but fail to balance levels of induced and repressed genes and enhancers in the absence of NELF. We found an increase in chromatin-associated NELF during transition from the naïve to later pluripotent states. Overall, our work defines the acute and long-term molecular consequences of NELF loss and reveals a role for Pol II pausing in the pluripotency continuum as a modulator of cell state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderhman Abuhashem
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alexandra G Chivu
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Edward J Rice
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Adam Siepel
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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40
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Nishi K, Fu W, Kiyama R. Novel estrogen-responsive genes (ERGs) for the evaluation of estrogenic activity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273164. [PMID: 35976950 PMCID: PMC9385026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen action is mediated by various genes, including estrogen-responsive genes (ERGs). ERGs have been used as reporter-genes and markers for gene expression. Gene expression profiling using a set of ERGs has been used to examine statistically reliable transcriptomic assays such as DNA microarray assays and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). However, the quality of ERGs has not been extensively examined. Here, we obtained a set of 300 ERGs that were newly identified by six sets of RNA-seq data from estrogen-treated and control human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The ERGs exhibited statistical stability, which was based on the coefficient of variation (CV) analysis, correlation analysis, and examination of the functional association with estrogen action using database searches. A set of the top 30 genes based on CV ranking were further evaluated quantitatively by RT-PCR and qualitatively by a functional analysis using the GO and KEGG databases and by a mechanistic analysis to classify ERα/β-dependent or ER-independent types of transcriptional regulation. The 30 ERGs were characterized according to (1) the enzymes, such as metabolic enzymes, proteases, and protein kinases, (2) the genes with specific cell functions, such as cell-signaling mediators, tumor-suppressors, and the roles in breast cancer, (3) the association with transcriptional regulation, and (4) estrogen-responsiveness. Therefore, the ERGs identified here represent various cell functions and cell signaling pathways, including estrogen signaling, and thus, may be useful to evaluate estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nishi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo University Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wenqiang Fu
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo University Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoiti Kiyama
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo University Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Enhancers confer precise spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental stimuli. Over the last decade, the transcription of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) – nascent RNAs transcribed from active enhancers – has emerged as a key factor regulating enhancer activity. eRNAs are relatively short-lived RNA species that are transcribed at very high rates but also quickly degraded. Nevertheless, eRNAs are deeply intertwined within enhancer regulatory networks and are implicated in a number of transcriptional control mechanisms. Enhancers show changes in function and sequence over evolutionary time, raising questions about the relationship between enhancer sequences and eRNA function. Moreover, the vast majority of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human complex diseases map to the non-coding genome, with causal disease variants enriched within enhancers. In this Primer, we survey the diverse roles played by eRNAs in enhancer-dependent gene expression, evaluating different models for eRNA function. We also explore questions surrounding the genetic conservation of enhancers and how this relates to eRNA function and dysfunction. Summary: This Primer evaluates the ideas that underpin developing models for eRNA function, exploring cases in which perturbed eRNA function contributes to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Harrison
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biosciences, Sheffield Institute For Nucleic Acids, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK
| | - Daniel Bose
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biosciences, Sheffield Institute For Nucleic Acids, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Macías-Silva M, Sosa-Garrocho M, López-Camarillo C. Novel Breast Cancer Treatment by Targeting Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Stability Using Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) Technology. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-protacs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ma Q, Oksenberg JR, Didonna A. Epigenetic control of ataxin-1 in multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1186-1194. [PMID: 35903875 PMCID: PMC9380165 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ATXN1 encodes the polyglutamine protein ataxin-1, which we have demonstrated exerting an immunomodulatory function in the context of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity, in addition to its classical role in the neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). In this study, we dissected the contribution of DNA methylation to the regulation of ATXN1 in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We interrogated a DNA methylation dataset previously generated via bisulfate DNA sequencing (BS-seq) in sorted peripheral immune cytotypes (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD14+ monocytes) isolated from untreated MS patients at symptoms onset. RESULTS Here, we report that ATXN1 undergoes hypo-methylation at four distinct regions upon MS, exclusively in B cells. We also highlight how these differentially methylated sites overlap with other regulatory epigenetic marks and MS risk variants. Lastly, we employ luciferase assays to assess the functionality of these regions, showing that the loss of methylation leads to an increase in ATXN1 expression. INTERPRETATION Altogether, these findings provide biological insights into ataxin-1 regulation in the immune system as well as into the molecular mechanisms underlying MS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ma
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCalifornia94158USA
| | - Jorge R. Oksenberg
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCalifornia94158USA
| | - Alessandro Didonna
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCalifornia94158USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth Carolina27834USA
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Zhang Y, Tang M, Huang M, Xie J, Cheng J, Fu Y, Jiang D, Yu X, Li B. Dynamic enhancer transcription associates with reprogramming of immune genes during pattern triggered immunity in Arabidopsis. BMC Biol 2022; 20:165. [PMID: 35864475 PMCID: PMC9301868 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancers are cis-regulatory elements present in eukaryote genomes, which constitute indispensable determinants of gene regulation by governing the spatiotemporal and quantitative expression dynamics of target genes, and are involved in multiple life processes, for instance during development and disease states. The importance of enhancer activity has additionally been highlighted for immune responses in animals and plants; however, the dynamics of enhancer activities and molecular functions in plant innate immunity are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the involvement of distal enhancers in early innate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS A group of putative distal enhancers producing low-abundance transcripts either unidirectionally or bidirectionally are identified. We show that enhancer transcripts are dynamically modulated in plant immunity triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns and are strongly correlated with open chromatin, low levels of methylated DNA, and increases in RNA polymerase II targeting and acetylated histone marks. Dynamic enhancer transcription is correlated with target early immune gene expression patterns. Cis motifs that are bound by immune-related transcription factors, such as WRKYs and SARD1, are highly enriched within upregulated enhancers. Moreover, a subset of core pattern-induced enhancers are upregulated by multiple patterns from diverse pathogens. The expression dynamics of putative immunity-related enhancers and the importance of WRKY binding motifs for enhancer function were also validated. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the general occurrence of enhancer transcription in plants and provides novel information on the distal regulatory landscape during early plant innate immunity, providing new insights into immune gene regulation and ultimately improving the mechanistic understanding of the plant immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mengling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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45
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Hou TY, Kraus WL. Analysis of estrogen-regulated enhancer RNAs identifies a functional motif required for enhancer assembly and gene expression. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110944. [PMID: 35705040 PMCID: PMC9246336 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the functions of non-coding enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), we annotated the estrogen-regulated eRNA transcriptome in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer cells using PRO-cap and RNA sequencing. We then cloned a subset of the eRNAs identified, fused them to single guide RNAs, and targeted them to their ERα enhancers of origin using CRISPR/dCas9. Some of the eRNAs tested modulated the expression of cognate, but not heterologous, target genes after estrogen treatment by increasing ERα recruitment and stimulating p300-catalyzed H3K27 acetylation at the enhancer. We identified a ∼40 nucleotide functional eRNA regulatory motif (FERM) present in many eRNAs that was necessary and sufficient to modulate gene expression, but not the specificity of activation, after estrogen treatment. The FERM interacted with BCAS2, an RNA-binding protein amplified in breast cancers. The ectopic expression of a targeted eRNA controlling the expression of an oncogene resulted in increased cell proliferation, demonstrating the regulatory potential of eRNAs in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Y Hou
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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46
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Xiong L, Tolen EA, Choi J, Velychko S, Caizzi L, Velychko T, Adachi K, MacCarthy CM, Lidschreiber M, Cramer P, Schöler HR. Oct4 differentially regulates chromatin opening and enhancer transcription in pluripotent stem cells. eLife 2022; 11:71533. [PMID: 35621159 PMCID: PMC9142147 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Oct4 is essential for the maintenance and induction of stem cell pluripotency, but its functional roles are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the functions of Oct4 by depleting and subsequently recovering it in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and conducting a time-resolved multiomics analysis. Oct4 depletion leads to an immediate loss of its binding to enhancers, accompanied by a decrease in mRNA synthesis from its target genes that are part of the transcriptional network that maintains pluripotency. Gradual decrease of Oct4 binding to enhancers does not immediately change the chromatin accessibility but reduces transcription of enhancers. Conversely, partial recovery of Oct4 expression results in a rapid increase in chromatin accessibility, whereas enhancer transcription does not fully recover. These results indicate different concentration-dependent activities of Oct4. Whereas normal ESC levels of Oct4 are required for transcription of pluripotency enhancers, low levels of Oct4 are sufficient to retain chromatin accessibility, likely together with other factors such as Sox2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xiong
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Erik A Tolen
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Münster, Germany
| | - Jinmi Choi
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergiy Velychko
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Münster, Germany
| | - Livia Caizzi
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Taras Velychko
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kenjiro Adachi
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Münster, Germany
| | - Caitlin M MacCarthy
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Lidschreiber
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Münster, Germany
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47
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Gorbovytska V, Kim SK, Kuybu F, Götze M, Um D, Kang K, Pittroff A, Brennecke T, Schneider LM, Leitner A, Kim TK, Kuhn CD. Enhancer RNAs stimulate Pol II pause release by harnessing multivalent interactions to NELF. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2429. [PMID: 35508485 PMCID: PMC9068813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are long non-coding RNAs that originate from enhancers. Although eRNA transcription is a canonical feature of activated enhancers, the molecular features required for eRNA function and the mechanism of how eRNAs impinge on target gene transcription have not been established. Thus, using eRNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pause release as a model, we here investigate the requirement of sequence, structure and length of eRNAs for their ability to stimulate Pol II pause release by detaching NELF from paused Pol II. We find eRNAs not to exert their function through common structural or sequence motifs. Instead, eRNAs that exhibit a length >200 nucleotides and that contain unpaired guanosines make multiple, allosteric contacts with NELF subunits -A and -E to trigger efficient NELF release. By revealing the molecular determinants of eRNA function, our study establishes eRNAs as an important player in Pol II pause release, and it provides new insight into the regulation of metazoan transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslava Gorbovytska
- RNA Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Seung-Kyoon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergent Bioscience and Informatics, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Filiz Kuybu
- RNA Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Götze
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dahun Um
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Pittroff
- RNA Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Theresia Brennecke
- RNA Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Schneider
- RNA Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Claus-D Kuhn
- RNA Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
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48
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Xie Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhu J, Liu M, Zhang Y, Dong Z. Enhancer transcription detected in the nascent transcriptomic landscape of bread wheat. Genome Biol 2022; 23:109. [PMID: 35501845 PMCID: PMC9063354 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise spatiotemporal gene expression is orchestrated by enhancers that lack general sequence features and thus are difficult to be computationally identified. By nascent RNA sequencing combined with epigenome profiling, we detect active transcription of enhancers from the complex bread wheat genome. We find that genes associated with transcriptional enhancers are expressed at significantly higher levels, and enhancer RNA is more precise and robust in predicting enhancer activity compared to chromatin features. We demonstrate that sub-genome-biased enhancer transcription could drive sub-genome-biased gene expression. This study highlights enhancer transcription as a hallmark in regulating gene expression in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zijuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiafu Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Min Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Zhicheng Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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49
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Macías-Silva M, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Ramírez-Jarquín UN. Decoding the Therapeutic Implications of the ERα Stability and Subcellular Distribution in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:867448. [PMID: 35498431 PMCID: PMC9044904 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.867448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 70% of all breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor-alpha positive (ERα+) and any ERα signaling pathways deregulation is critical for the progression of malignant mammary neoplasia. ERα acts as a transcription factor that promotes the expression of estrogen target genes associated with pro-tumor activity in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, ERα is also part of extranuclear signaling pathways related to endocrine resistance. The regulation of ERα subcellular distribution and protein stability is critical to regulate its functions and, consequently, influence the response to endocrine therapies and progression of this pathology. This minireview highlights studies that have deciphered the molecular mechanisms implicated in controlling ERα stability and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. These mechanisms offer information about novel biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and promising strategies for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C. Tecalco-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marina Macías-Silva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Uri Nimrod Ramírez-Jarquín
- Neural Signal Transduction, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, United States
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
RNA modifications are prevalent among all the classes of RNA, regulate diverse biological processes, and have emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in post-transcriptional control of gene expression. They are subjected to precise spatial and temporal control and shown to be critical for the maintenance of normal development and physiology. For example, m6A modification of mRNA affects stability, recruitment of RNA binding protein (RBP), translation, and splicing. The deposition of m6A on the RNA happens co-transcriptionally, allowing the tight coupling between the transcription and RNA modification machinery. The m6A modification is affected by transcriptional dynamics, but recent insights also suggest that m6A machinery impacts transcription and chromatin signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Akhtar
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Margot Lugoboni
- Department reproduction and development in health and disease, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, Genetics, Reproduction and Development Institute (IGReD), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Junion
- Department reproduction and development in health and disease, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, Genetics, Reproduction and Development Institute (IGReD), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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