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Shan Y, Yao L, Li L, Gao X, Jiang J. A novel CHD7 variant in a chinese family with CHARGE syndrome. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:379-387. [PMID: 37273125 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CHARGE syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant (AD) multi-system disorder with a broad and variable clinical manifestation and occurs in approximately 1/10,000 newborns in the world. Mutations in the CHD7 gene are the genetic cause of over 90% of patients with typical CHARGE syndrome. The present study reported a novel variant in the CHD7 gene in a Chinese family with an abnormal fetus. METHODS Routine prenatal ultrasound screening showed fetal heart abnormality and left foot varus. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and fetus-parent whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) were performed to determine the genetic cause of the fetus. The candidate variant was further verified using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS CMA analysis revealed normal results. However, WES analysis identified a de novo heterozygous variant of c.2919_2922del (NM_017780.4) on exon 11 of CHD7 gene, resulting in a premature truncation of the CHD7 protein (p.Gly975*). The variant was classified as Pathogenic (PVS1 + PS2_Moderate + PM2_Supporting) based on the ACMG guidelines. Combined with the clinical phenotype of fetal heart abnormalities, it was confirmed CHARGE syndrome. CONCLUSION We identified a novel heterozygous variant c.2919_2922del in CHD7 of a Chinese fetus with CHARGE syndrome, enriching the genotype-phenotype spectrum of CHD7. These results suggest that genetic testing could help facilitate prenatal diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome, thus promoting the appropriate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - LingFang Yao
- Department of Obstetrics, Huangshi love and health hospital, Huangshi, Hubei, 435002, China.
| | - Linli Li
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China
| | - Xueping Gao
- Yinfeng Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Jinghan Jiang
- Yinfeng Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
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Muhammad T, Pastore SF, Good K, Ausió J, Vincent JB. Chromatin gatekeeper and modifier CHD proteins in development, and in autism and other neurological disorders. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:213-232. [PMID: 37851134 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin, a protein-DNA complex, is a dynamic structure that stores genetic information within the nucleus and responds to molecular/cellular changes in its structure, providing conditional access to the genetic machinery. ATP-dependent chromatin modifiers regulate access of transcription factors and RNA polymerases to DNA by either "opening" or "closing" the structure of chromatin, and its aberrant regulation leads to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. The chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins are ATP-dependent chromatin modifiers involved in the organization of chromatin structure, act as gatekeepers of genomic access, and deposit histone variants required for gene regulation. In this review, we first discuss the structural and functional domains of the CHD proteins, and their binding sites, and phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation sites. The conservation of important amino acids in SWItch/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) domains, and their protein and mRNA tissue expression profiles are discussed. Next, we convey the important binding partners of CHD proteins, their protein complexes and activities, and their involvements in epigenetic regulation. We also show the ChIP-seq binding dynamics for CHD1, CHD2, CHD4, and CHD7 proteins at promoter regions of histone genes, as well as several genes that are critical for neurodevelopment. The role of CHD proteins in development is also discussed. Finally, this review provides information about CHD protein mutations reported in autism and neurodevelopmental disorders, and their pathogenicity. Overall, this review provides information on the progress of research into CHD proteins, their structural and functional domains, epigenetics, and their role in stem cell, development, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Muhammad
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Stephen F Pastore
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Katrina Good
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC
| | - Juan Ausió
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC
| | - John B Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wu X, Chen L, Lu W, He S, Li X, Sun L, Zhang L, Wang D, Zhang R, Liu Y, Sun Y, Feng Z, Wei Zhang V. Discovery of Novel Variants on the CHD7 Gene: A Case Series of CHARGE Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:852429. [PMID: 35938004 PMCID: PMC9355507 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.852429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: CHARGE syndrome (CS) is a single-gene genetic disorder with multiple organ malformations caused by a variant of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) gene on chromosome 8q12.1. In this study, we aimed to investigate new variants that have emerged in these cases compared with typical CS and the relationship between the genes and phenotypes. Methods: Patients with suspected genetic diseases were subjected to Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) at a genetics laboratory in Guangzhou. The average sequencing coverage depth was >200 ×, and 96% was >20 ×. The variant interpretation was manipulated according to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines. Molecular data on databases for ClinVar and CHD7 were also collected and collated. We reviewed the currently described CHD7 variants and analyzed the genetic variation and phenotypic heterogeneity. Results: Data of 12 patients with CS from four hospitals in China were collected. According to gestational age, most of them (8/12) were near-term babies with a lower birth weight than their peers, averaging 2.62 kg. In this study, the most common phenotypes were respiratory tract malformations (11/12), heart malformations (10/12), and central nervous system malformations (9/12). Two fetuses were confirmed to have brain or heart abnormalities during prenatal testing, while 10/12 were found to have abnormalities during prenatal testing. The maximum Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score at admission was 19, and the average was 11.58. Five variants in the CHD7 gene c.7012C > T (p.Q2338*), c.7868delC (p.P2623Rfs*16), c.5405-3C > G, c.6936 + 2T > C, and c.8077-2A > G) were novel and were located in exons 33, 36, and introns 25, 32, and 37, respectively. There may be a positive correlation between exon location and phenotype. Conclusion: Five novel variants were discovered. These expanded the mutational spectrum of the CHD7 gene and the phenotype of CS. There may be a correlation between the new mutation sites and the phenotype, which has some reference value for the evaluation of mutation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtao Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Department of Pediatrics of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Lu
- Department of Pediatrics of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shaoru He
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shaoru He, ; Yumei Liu,
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | - Dejuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruigui Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shaoru He, ; Yumei Liu,
| | - Yunxia Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, BaYi Children’s Hospital, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Liu C, Kang N, Guo Y, Gong P. Advances in Chromodomain Helicase DNA-Binding (CHD) Proteins Regulating Stem Cell Differentiation and Human Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710203. [PMID: 34616726 PMCID: PMC8488160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Regulation of gene expression is critical for stem cell differentiation, tissue development, and human health maintenance. Recently, epigenetic modifications of histone and chromatin remodeling have been verified as key controllers of gene expression and human diseases. Objective: In this study, we review the role of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins in stem cell differentiation, cell fate decision, and several known human developmental disorders and cancers. Conclusion: CHD proteins play a crucial role in stem cell differentiation and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lu Y, Tan F, Zhao Y, Zhou S, Chen X, Hu Y, Zhou DX. A Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA-Binding Factor Functions in Chromatin Modification and Gene Regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1035-1046. [PMID: 32439720 PMCID: PMC7333708 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins in the Chromodomain-Helicase/ATPase-DNA-binding domain (CHD) family are divided into three groups. The function of group I CHD proteins in nucleosome positioning is well established, while that of group II members (represented by CHD3/Mi2) remains unclear. Using high-throughput approaches, we investigated the function of the group II rice (Oryza sativa) CHD protein CHR729 in nucleosome positioning, gene expression, histone methylation, and binding. Our data revealed that the chr729 mutation led to increased nucleosome occupancy in the rice genome and altered the expression and histone H3K4me3 modification of many, mainly underexpressed, genes. Further analysis showed that the mutation affected both the deposition and depletion of H3K4me3 in distinct chromatin regions, with concomitant changes in H3K27me3 modification. Genetic and genomic analyses revealed that CHR729 and JMJ703, an H3K4 demethylase, had agonistic, antagonistic, and independent functions in modulating H3K4me3 and the expression of subsets of genes. In addition, CHR729 binding was enriched in H3K4me3-marked genic and H3K27me3-marked intergenic regions. The results indicate that CHR729 has distinct functions in regulating H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications and gene expression at different chromatin domains and provide insight into chromatin regulation of bivalent genes marked by both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangsong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, 448000 Jingmen, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, Three Gorges University, 443002 Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
- University Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour L'Agriculture, L'Alimentation et L'Environnement, Institute of Plant Science of Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity, which was initially defined for tumor cells, is a fundamental property of all cellular systems, ranging from genetic diversity to cell-to-cell variation driven by stochastic molecular interactions involved all cellular processes. Different cells display substantial variation in gene expression and in response to environmental signaling even in an apparently homogeneous population of cells. Recent studies started to reveal the underlying mechanisms for cellular heterogeneity, particularly related to the states of chromatin. Accumulating evidence suggests that CTCF, an important factor regulating chromatin organization, plays a key role in the control of gene expression variation by stabilizing enhancer–promoter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ren
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Harwood JC, Kent NA, Allen ND, Harwood AJ. Nucleosome dynamics of human iPSC during neural differentiation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846960. [PMID: 31036712 PMCID: PMC6549019 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleosome positioning is important for neurodevelopment, and genes mediating chromatin remodelling are strongly associated with human neurodevelopmental disorders. To investigate changes in nucleosome positioning during neural differentiation, we generate genome‐wide nucleosome maps from an undifferentiated human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line and after its differentiation to the neural progenitor cell (NPC) stage. We find that nearly 3% of nucleosomes are highly positioned in NPC, but significantly, there are eightfold fewer positioned nucleosomes in pluripotent cells, indicating increased positioning during cell differentiation. Positioned nucleosomes do not strongly correlate with active chromatin marks or gene transcription. Unexpectedly, we find a small population of nucleosomes that occupy similar positions in pluripotent and neural progenitor cells and are found at binding sites of the key gene regulators NRSF/REST and CTCF. Remarkably, the presence of these nucleosomes appears to be independent of the associated regulatory complexes. Together, these results present a scenario in human cells, where positioned nucleosomes are sparse and dynamic, but may act to alter gene expression at a distance via the structural conformation at sites of chromatin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Harwood
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Adrian J Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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