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Brown T, Ackerman RA, Kroon E, Kuhns L, Cousijn J, Filbey FM. The role of sleep in the link between cannabis use and memory function: evidence from a cross-sectional study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38917114 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2362832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Background: It is known that cannabis use affects memory and sleep problems independently. However, to date, how memory and sleep problems may interact as a result of cannabis use remains unknown.Objectives: We performed a secondary analysis of existing data to determine whether sleep quality mediates the association between cannabis use and memory and whether sex moderated these effects.Methods: A total of 141 adults with cannabis use disorder (CUD) (83 men) and 87 without CUD (39 men) participated in this study. Outcome measures included self-reported sleep problems from the past 7 days (Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist), learning and memory performance via the short visual object learning task (sVOLT), short visual object learning task delayed (sVOLTd), and verbal memory via the N-back. Bootstrapped mediation and moderated mediation analyses were run to test if sleep quality mediated the association between cannabis use and memory outcomes and whether sex moderated these effects, respectively.Results: Sleep quality mediated the effect of group (i.e. adults with and without CUD) on sVOLT efficiency scores (indirect effect ß = -.08, 95% CI [-0.14, -0.04]) and sVOLTd efficiency scores (indirect effect ß = -.09, 95% CI [-0.14, -0.04]), where greater sleep difficulties was associated with poorer memory performance (decreased efficiency scores). Sex did not moderate these relationships.Conclusion: These initial findings of a mediating role of sleep in the association between CUD and visual learning memory highlight potential critical downstream effects of disrupted sleep in those with CUD and suggest the importance of investigating sleep in CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brown
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - R A Ackerman
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - E Kroon
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Kuhns
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F M Filbey
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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2
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Maier PM, Iggena D, Ploner CJ, Finke C. Memory consolidation affects the interplay of place and response navigation. Cortex 2024; 175:12-27. [PMID: 38701643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Navigation through space is based on memory representations of landmarks ('place') or movement sequences ('response'). Over time, memory representations transform through consolidation. However, it is unclear how the transformation affects place and response navigation in humans. In the present study, healthy adults navigated to target locations in a virtual maze. The preference for using place and response strategies and the ability to recall place and response memories were tested after a delay of one hour (n = 31), one day (n = 30), or two weeks (n = 32). The different delays captured early-phase synaptic changes, changes after one night of sleep, and long-delay changes due to the reorganization of navigation networks. Our results show that the relative contributions of place and response navigation changed as a function of time. After a short delay of up to one day, participants preferentially used a place strategy and exhibited a high degree of visual landmark exploration. After a longer delay of two weeks, place strategy use decreased significantly. Participants now equally relied on place and response strategy use and increasingly repeated previously taken paths. Further analyses indicate that response strategy use predominantly occurred as a compensatory strategy in the absence of sufficient place memory. Over time, place memory faded before response memory. We suggest that the observed shift from place to response navigation is context-dependent since detailed landmark information, which strongly relied on hippocampal function, decayed faster than sequence information, which required less detail and depended on extra-hippocampal areas. We conclude that changes in place and response navigation likely reflect the reorganization of navigation networks during systems consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia M Maier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deetje Iggena
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph J Ploner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Finke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany.
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Miao X, Müller C, Lutz ND, Yang Q, Waszak F, Born J, Rauss K. Sleep consolidates stimulus-response learning. Learn Mem 2023; 30:175-184. [PMID: 37726140 PMCID: PMC10547380 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053753.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Performing a motor response to a sensory stimulus creates a memory trace whose behavioral correlates are classically investigated in terms of repetition priming effects. Such stimulus-response learning entails two types of associations that are partly independent: (1) an association between the stimulus and the motor response and (2) an association between the stimulus and the classification task in which it is encountered. Here, we tested whether sleep supports long-lasting stimulus-response learning on a task requiring participants (1) for establishing stimulus-classification associations to classify presented objects along two different dimensions ("size" and "mechanical") and (2) as motor response (action) to respond with either the left or right index finger. Moreover, we examined whether strengthening of stimulus-classification associations is preferentially linked to nonrapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep and strengthening of stimulus-action associations to REM sleep. We tested 48 healthy volunteers in a between-subjects design comparing postlearning retention periods of nighttime sleep versus daytime wakefulness. At postretention testing, we found that sleep supports consolidation of both stimulus-action and stimulus-classification associations, as indicated by increased reaction times in "switch conditions"; that is, when, at test, the acutely instructed classification task and/or correct motor response for a given stimulus differed from that during original learning. Polysomnographic recordings revealed that both kinds of associations were correlated with non-REM spindle activity. Our results do not support the view of differential roles for non-REM and REM sleep in the consolidation of stimulus-classification and stimulus-action associations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Miao
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Nicolas D Lutz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Qing Yang
- Université Paris Cité, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 75006, France
| | - Florian Waszak
- Université Paris Cité, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 75006, France
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Karsten Rauss
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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4
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Baena D, Fang Z, Gibbings A, Smith D, Ray LB, Doyon J, Owen AM, Fogel SM. Functional differences in cerebral activation between slow wave-coupled and uncoupled sleep spindles. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1090045. [PMID: 36741053 PMCID: PMC9889560 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1090045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindles are often temporally coupled to slow waves (SW). These SW-spindle complexes have been implicated in memory consolidation that involves transfer of information from the hippocampus to the neocortex. However, spindles and SW, which are characteristic of NREM sleep, can occur as part of this complex, or in isolation. It is not clear whether dissociable parts of the brain are recruited when coupled to SW vs. when spindles or SW occur in isolation. Here, we tested differences in cerebral activation time-locked to uncoupled spindles, uncoupled SW and coupled SW-spindle complexes using simultaneous EEG-fMRI. Consistent with the "active system model," we hypothesized that brain activations time-locked to coupled SW-spindles would preferentially occur in brain areas known to be critical for sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Our results show that coupled spindles and uncoupled spindles recruit distinct parts of the brain. Specifically, we found that hippocampal activation during sleep is not uniquely related to spindles. Rather, this process is primarily driven by SWs and SW-spindle coupling. In addition, we show that SW-spindle coupling is critical in the activation of the putamen. Importantly, SW-spindle coupling specifically recruited frontal areas in comparison to uncoupled spindles, which may be critical for the hippocampal-neocortical dialogue that preferentially occurs during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baena
- Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuo Fang
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Gibbings
- Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Laura B. Ray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrian M. Owen
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M. Fogel
- Sleep Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Stuart M. Fogel,
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Coutrot A, Lazar AS, Richards M, Manley E, Wiener JM, Dalton RC, Hornberger M, Spiers HJ. Reported sleep duration reveals segmentation of the adult life-course into three phases. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7697. [PMID: 36509747 PMCID: PMC9744828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically the human life-course is characterized by youth, middle age and old age. A wide range of biological, health and cognitive functions vary across this life-course. Here, using reported sleep duration from 730,187 participants across 63 countries, we find three distinct phases in the adult human life-course: early adulthood (19-33yrs), mid-adulthood (34-53yrs), and late adulthood (54+yrs). They appear stable across culture, gender, education and other demographics. During the third phase, where self-reported sleep duration increases with age, cognitive performance, as measured by spatial navigation, was found to have an inverted u-shape relationship with reported sleep duration: optimal performance peaks at 7 hours reported sleep. World-wide self-reported sleep duration patterns are geographically clustered, and are associated with economy, culture, and latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coutrot
- LIRIS-CNRS-University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - A S Lazar
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - M Richards
- Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Manley
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J M Wiener
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - R C Dalton
- School of Architecture, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - M Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - H J Spiers
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
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Moscovitch M, Gilboa A. Has the concept of systems consolidation outlived its usefulness? Identification and evaluation of premises underlying systems consolidation. Fac Rev 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 36532709 PMCID: PMC9720899 DOI: 10.12703/r/11-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems consolidation has mostly been treated as a neural construct defined by the time-dependent change in memory representation from the hippocampus (HPC) to other structures, primarily the neocortex. Here, we identify and evaluate the explicit and implicit premises that underlie traditional or standard models and theories of systems consolidation based on evidence from research on humans and other animals. We use the principle that changes in neural representation over time and experience are accompanied by corresponding changes in psychological representations, and vice versa, to argue that each of the premises underlying traditional or standard models and theories of systems consolidation is found wanting. One solution is to modify or abandon the premises or theories and models. This is reflected in moderated models of systems consolidation that emphasize the early role of the HPC in training neocortical memories until they stabilize. The fault, however, may lie in the very concept of systems consolidation and its defining feature. We propose that the concept be replaced by one of memory systems reorganization, which does not carry the theoretical baggage of systems consolidation and is flexible enough to capture the dynamic nature of memory from inception to very long-term retention and retrieval at a psychological and neural level. The term "memory system reorganization" implies that memory traces are not fixed, even after they are presumably consolidated. Memories can continue to change as a result of experience and interactions among memory systems across the lifetime. As will become clear, hippocampal training of neocortical memories is only one type of such interaction, and not always the most important one, even at inception. We end by suggesting some principles of memory reorganization that can help guide research on dynamic memory processes that capture corresponding changes in memory at the psychological and neural levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Asaf Gilboa
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Simon KC, Clemenson GD, Zhang J, Sattari N, Shuster AE, Clayton B, Alzueta E, Dulai T, de Zambotti M, Stark C, Baker FC, Mednick SC. Sleep facilitates spatial memory but not navigation using the Minecraft Memory and Navigation task. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202394119. [PMID: 36252023 PMCID: PMC9618094 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202394119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep facilitates hippocampal-dependent memories, supporting the acquisition and maintenance of internal representation of spatial relations within an environment. In humans, however, findings have been mixed regarding sleep's contribution to spatial memory and navigation, which may be due to task designs or outcome measurements. We developed the Minecraft Memory and Navigation (MMN) task for the purpose of disentangling how spatial memory accuracy and navigation change over time, and to study sleep's independent contributions to each. In the MMN task, participants learned the locations of objects through free exploration of an open field computerized environment. At test, they were teleported to random positions around the environment and required to navigate to the remembered location of each object. In study 1, we developed and validated four unique MMN environments with the goal of equating baseline learning and immediate test performance. A total of 86 participants were administered the training phases and immediate test. Participants' baseline performance was equivalent across all four environments, supporting the use of the MMN task. In study 2, 29 participants were trained, tested immediately, and again 12 h later after a period of sleep or wake. We found that the metric accuracy of object locations, i.e., spatial memory, was maintained over a night of sleep, while after wake, metric accuracy declined. In contrast, spatial navigation improved over both sleep and wake delays. Our findings support the role of sleep in retaining the precise spatial relationships within a cognitive map; however, they do not support a specific role of sleep in navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine C. Simon
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Gregory D. Clemenson
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Negin Sattari
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Alessandra E. Shuster
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Brandon Clayton
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Elisabet Alzueta
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Teji Dulai
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | | | - Craig Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Sara C. Mednick
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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Different behavioral and learning effects between using boundary and landmark cues during spatial navigation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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