1
|
Sullivan DK, Deutzmann A, Yarbrough J, Krishnan MS, Gouw AM, Bellovin DI, Adam SJ, Liefwalker DF, Dhanasekaran R, Felsher DW. MYC oncogene elicits tumorigenesis associated with embryonic, ribosomal biogenesis, and tissue-lineage dedifferentiation gene expression changes. Oncogene 2022; 41:4960-4970. [PMID: 36207533 PMCID: PMC10257951 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MYC is a transcription factor frequently overexpressed in cancer. To determine how MYC drives the neoplastic phenotype, we performed transcriptomic analysis using a panel of MYC-driven autochthonous transgenic mouse models. We found that MYC elicited gene expression changes mostly in a tissue- and lineage-specific manner across B-cell lymphoma, T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. However, despite these gene expression changes being mostly tissue-specific, we uncovered a convergence on a common pattern of upregulation of embryonic stem cell gene programs and downregulation of tissue-of-origin gene programs across MYC-driven cancers. These changes are representative of lineage dedifferentiation, that may be facilitated by epigenetic alterations that occur during tumorigenesis. Moreover, while several cellular processes are represented among embryonic stem cell genes, ribosome biogenesis is most specifically associated with MYC expression in human primary cancers. Altogether, MYC's capability to drive tumorigenesis in diverse tissue types appears to be related to its ability to both drive a core signature of embryonic genes that includes ribosomal biogenesis genes as well as promote tissue and lineage specific dedifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delaney K Sullivan
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anja Deutzmann
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Josiah Yarbrough
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Maya S Krishnan
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Arvin M Gouw
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David I Bellovin
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stacey J Adam
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Daniel F Liefwalker
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Renumathy Dhanasekaran
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A non-invasive far-red light-induced split-Cre recombinase system for controllable genome engineering in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3708. [PMID: 32709899 PMCID: PMC7381682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cre-loxP recombination system is a powerful tool for genetic manipulation. However, there are widely recognized limitations with chemically inducible Cre-loxP systems, and the UV and blue-light induced systems have phototoxicity and minimal capacity for deep tissue penetration. Here, we develop a far-red light-induced split Cre-loxP system (FISC system) based on a bacteriophytochrome optogenetic system and split-Cre recombinase, enabling optogenetical regulation of genome engineering in vivo solely by utilizing a far-red light (FRL). The FISC system exhibits low background and no detectable photocytotoxicity, while offering efficient FRL-induced DNA recombination. Our in vivo studies showcase the strong organ-penetration capacity of FISC system, markedly outperforming two blue-light-based Cre systems for recombination induction in the liver. Demonstrating its strong clinical relevance, we successfully deploy a FISC system using adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery. Thus, the FISC system expands the optogenetic toolbox for DNA recombination to achieve spatiotemporally controlled, non-invasive genome engineering in living systems. Current light-inducible Cre-loxP systems have minimal capacity for deep tissue penetration. Here, the authors present a far-red light-induced split Cre-loxP system for in vivo genome engineering.
Collapse
|
3
|
MacLeod RS, Cawley KM, Gubrij I, Nookaew I, Onal M, O'Brien CA. Effective CRISPR interference of an endogenous gene via a single transgene in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17312. [PMID: 31754144 PMCID: PMC6872636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawbacks of conditional gene deletion in mice include the need for extensive breeding and, often, a lack of cell type-specificity. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is an alternative approach for loss-of-function studies that inhibits expression by guiding a transcriptional repressor to the transcription start-site of target genes. However, there has been limited exploration of CRISPRi in mice. We tested the effectiveness of a single CRISPRi transgene broadly expressing a single guide RNA and a catalytically dead Cas9 fused to the KRAB repressor domain to suppress a well-characterized target gene, Tnfsf11. The phenotype of CRISPRi transgenic mice was compared to mice with germline deletion of Tnfsf11, which are osteopetrotic and do not form lymph nodes. High transgene expression mimicked gene deletion, with failure of lymph node development and classic signs of osteopetrosis such as high bone mass and failure of tooth eruption. Mice with low transgene expression were normal and mice with medium expression displayed an intermediate phenotype. Transgene expression in tissues from these mice correlated inversely with Tnfsf11 mRNA levels. These results demonstrate that a single CRISPRi transgene can effectively suppress a target gene in mice and suggest that this approach may be useful for cell type-specific loss-of-function studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S MacLeod
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA
| | - Keisha M Cawley
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA
| | - Igor Gubrij
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA
| | - Melda Onal
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA
| | - Charles A O'Brien
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA.
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, 72205, AR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jones RA, Moorehead RA. Integrative analysis of copy number and gene expression data identifies potential oncogenic drivers that promote mammary tumor recurrence. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:381-391. [PMID: 30597648 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence represents a significant clinical challenge in the treatment and management of breast cancer. To investigate whether copy number aberrations (CNAs) facilitate the re-emergence of tumor growth from residual disease, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization on primary and recurrent mammary tumors from an inducible mouse model of type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor driven breast cancer. This genome-wide analysis revealed primary and recurrent tumors harbored distinct CNAs with relapsed tumors containing an increased number of gene-level gains and losses. Remarkably, high-level CNAs detected in primary tumors were largely devoid of annotated cancer genes while the vast majority of recurrent tumors harbored at least one CNA containing a known oncogene or tumor suppressor. Specifically, 38% of recurrent tumors carried gains at 6qA2 and 9qA2 which encode the Met and Yap1 oncogenes, respectively. The most frequent CNA, occurring in 63% of recurrent tumors, was a focal deletion at 4qC5 involving the Cdkn2a/b tumor suppressor genes. Integrative analysis revealed positive correlations between gene copy number and mRNA expression suggesting Met, Yap1, and Cdkn2a/b may serve as potential drivers that promote tumor recurrence. Accordingly, cross-species analysis revealed gene-level murine CNAs were present in a subset of human breast cancers with high MET and YAP1 mRNA predictive of decreased relapse-free survival in basal-like breast cancers. Together, these findings indicate that tumor recurrence is facilitated by the acquisition of CNAs with oncogenic potential and provide a framework to dissect the molecular mechanisms that mediate tumor escape from dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McDonald R, Sadler C, Kumar TR. Gain-of-Function Genetic Models to Study FSH Action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:28. [PMID: 30792692 PMCID: PMC6374295 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a pituitary-derived gonadotropin that plays key roles in male and female reproduction. The physiology and biochemistry of FSH have been extensively studied for many years. Beginning in the early 1990s, coincident with advances in the then emerging transgenic animal technology, and continuing till today, several gain-of-function (GOF) models have been developed to understand FSH homeostasis in a physiological context. Our group and others have generated a number of FSH ligand and receptor GOF mouse models. An FSH GOF model when combined with Fshb null mice provides a powerful genetic rescue platform. In this chapter, we discuss different GOF models for FSH synthesis, secretion and action and describe additional novel genetic models that could be developed in the future to further refine the existing models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary McDonald
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, IL, United States
- Integrated Physiology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, IL, United States
| | - Carolyn Sadler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, IL, United States
| | - T. Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, IL, United States
- Integrated Physiology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, IL, United States
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: T. Rajendra Kumar
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pérez-Guijarro E, Day CP, Merlino G, Zaidi MR. Genetically engineered mouse models of melanoma. Cancer 2017; 123:2089-2103. [PMID: 28543694 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a complex disease that exhibits highly heterogeneous etiological, histopathological, and genetic features, as well as therapeutic responses. Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models provide powerful tools to unravel the molecular mechanisms critical for melanoma development and drug resistance. Here, we expound briefly the basis of the mouse modeling design, the available technology for genetic engineering, and the aspects influencing the use of GEMs to model melanoma. Furthermore, we describe in detail the currently available GEM models of melanoma. Cancer 2017;123:2089-103. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pérez-Guijarro
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chi-Ping Day
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
As cancer has become increasingly prevalent, cancer prevention research has evolved towards placing a greater emphasis on reducing cancer deaths and minimizing the adverse consequences of having cancer. 'Precision cancer prevention' takes into account the collaboration of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in influencing cancer incidence and aggressiveness in the context of the individual, as well as recognizing that such knowledge can improve early detection and enable more accurate discrimination of cancerous lesions. However, mouse models, and particularly genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, have yet to be fully integrated into prevention research. In this Opinion article, we discuss opportunities and challenges for precision mouse modelling, including the essential criteria of mouse models for prevention research, representative success stories and opportunities for more refined analyses in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aditya Dutta
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Corresponding author: Cory Abate-Shen, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, (CAS) Phone: (212) 851-4731; fax: (212) 851-4787;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Metastasis is often modeled by xenotransplantation of cell lines in immunodeficient mice. A wealth of information about tumor cell behavior in the new environment is obtained from these efforts. Yet by design, this approach is "tumor-centric," as it focuses on cell-autonomous determinants of human tumor dissemination in mouse tissues, in effect using the animal body as a sophisticated "Petri dish" providing nutrients and support for tumor growth. Transgenic or gene knockout mouse models of cancer allow the study of tumor spread as a systemic disease and offer a complimentary approach for studying the natural history of cancer. This introduction is aimed at describing the overall methodological approach to studying metastasis in genetically modified mice, with a particular focus on using animals with regulated expression of potent human oncogenes in the breast.
Collapse
|