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Parolini I, Degrassi M, Spadaro F, Caponnetto F, Fecchi K, Mastantuono S, Zhouyiyuan X, Demple B, Cesselli D, Tell G. Intraluminal vesicle trafficking is involved in the secretion of base excision repair protein APE1. FEBS J 2024; 291:2849-2875. [PMID: 38401056 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) is an essential enzyme of the base excision repair pathway of non-distorting DNA lesions. In response to genotoxic treatments, APE1 is highly secreted (sAPE1) in association with small-extracellular vesicles (EVs). Interestingly, its presence in the serum of patients with hepatocellular or non-small-cell-lung cancers may represent a prognostic biomarker. The mechanism driving APE1 to associate with EVs is unknown, but is of paramount importance in better understanding the biological roles of sAPE1. Because APE1 lacks an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting signal peptide, it can be secreted through an unconventional protein secretion endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-independent pathway, which includes an endosome-based secretion of intraluminal vesicles, mediated by multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Using HeLa and A549 cell lines, we investigated the role of endosomal sorting complex required for transport protein pathways (either-dependent or -independent) in the constitutive or trichostatin A-induced secretion of sAPE1, by means of manumycin A and GW 4869 treatments. Through an in-depth biochemical analysis of late-endosomes (LEs) and early-endosomes (EEs), we observed that the distribution of APE1 on density gradient corresponded to that of LE-CD63, LE-Rab7, EE-EEA1 and EE-Rab 5. Interestingly, the secretion of sAPE1, induced by cisplatin genotoxic stress, involved an autophagy-based unconventional secretion requiring MVBs. The present study enlightens the central role played by MVBs in the secretion of sAPE1 under various stimuli, and offers new perspectives in understanding the biological relevance of sAPE1 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Parolini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Degrassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Core Facilities - Confocal Microscopy Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Caponnetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Katia Fecchi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Mastantuono
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Xue Zhouyiyuan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
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Valosin-containing protein/p97 plays critical roles in the Japanese encephalitis virus life cycle. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02336-20. [PMID: 33731458 PMCID: PMC8139707 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02336-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Host factors provide critical support for every aspect of the virus life cycle. We recently identified the valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, an abundant cellular ATPase with diverse cellular functions, as a host factor important for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) replication. In cultured cells, using siRNA-mediated protein depletion and pharmacological inhibitors, we show that VCP is crucial for replication of three flaviviruses: JEV, Dengue, and West Nile viruses. An FDA-approved VCP inhibitor, CB-5083, extended survival of mice in the animal model of JEV infection. While VCP depletion did not inhibit JEV attachment on cells, it delayed capsid degradation, potentially through the entrapment of the endocytosed virus in clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). Early during infection, VCP-depleted cells showed an increased colocalization of JEV capsid with clathrin, and also higher viral RNA levels in purified CCVs. We show that VCP interacts with the JEV nonstructural protein NS5 and is an essential component of the virus replication complex. The depletion of the major VCP cofactor UFD-1 also significantly inhibited JEV replication. Mechanistically, thus, VCP affected two crucial steps of the JEV life cycle - nucleocapsid release and RNA replication. Our study establishes VCP as a common host factor with a broad antiviral potential against flaviviruses.ImportanceJEV is the leading cause of viral encephalitis epidemics in South-east Asia, affecting majorly children with high morbidity and mortality. Identification of host factors is thus essential for the rational design of anti-virals that are urgently need as therapeutics. Here we have identified the VCP protein as one such host-factor. This protein is highly abundant in cells and engages in diverse functions and cellular pathways by its ability to interact with different co-factors. Using siRNA mediated protein knockdown, we show that this protein is essential for release of the viral RNA into the cell so that it can initiate replication. The protein plays a second crucial role for the formation of the JEV replication complex. FDA-approved drugs targeting VCP show enhanced mouse survival in JE model of disease, suggesting that this could be a druggable target for flavivirus infections.
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Gireud-Goss M, Reyes S, Tewari R, Patrizz A, Howe MD, Kofler J, Waxham MN, McCullough LD, Bean AJ. The ubiquitin ligase UBE4B regulates amyloid precursor protein ubiquitination, endosomal trafficking, and amyloid β42 generation and secretion. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 108:103542. [PMID: 32841720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) fragments of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brain parenchyma is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). APP can be cleaved into Aβ on late endosomes/multivesicular bodies (MVBs). E3 ubiquitin ligases have been linked to Aβ production, but specific E3 ligases associated with APP ubiquitination that may affect targeting of APP to endosomes have not yet been described. Using cultured cortical neurons isolated from rat pups, we reconstituted APP movement into the internal vesicles (ILVs) of MVBs. Loss of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) components inhibited APP movement into ILVs and increased endosomal Aβ42 generation, implying a requirement for APP ubiquitination. We identified an ESCRT-binding and APP-interacting endosomal E3 ubiquitin ligase, ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) that regulates APP ubiquitination. Depleting UBE4B in neurons inhibited APP ubiquitination and internalization into MVBs, resulting in increased endosomal Aβ42 levels and increased neuronal secretion of Aβ42. When we examined AD brains, we found levels of the UBE4B-interacting ESCRT component, hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs), were significantly decreased in AD brains. These data suggest that ESCRT components critical for membrane protein sorting in the endocytic pathway are altered in AD. These results indicate that the molecular machinery underlying endosomal trafficking of APP, including the ubiquitin ligase UBE4B, regulates Aβ levels and may play an essential role in AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gireud-Goss
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America; The M.D. Anderson/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, United States of America; Department of Neurology McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America
| | - Sahily Reyes
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America; The M.D. Anderson/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, United States of America
| | - Ritika Tewari
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America
| | - Anthony Patrizz
- The M.D. Anderson/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, United States of America; Department of Neurology McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America
| | - Matthew D Howe
- The M.D. Anderson/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, United States of America; Department of Neurology McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America
| | - Julia Kofler
- Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America
| | - Louise D McCullough
- The M.D. Anderson/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, United States of America; Department of Neurology McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Bean
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America; The M.D. Anderson/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Rush University Graduate College, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
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Liu G, Coyne AN, Pei F, Vaughan S, Chaung M, Zarnescu DC, Buchan JR. Endocytosis regulates TDP-43 toxicity and turnover. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2092. [PMID: 29233983 PMCID: PMC5727062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease. ALS-affected motor neurons exhibit aberrant localization of a nuclear RNA binding protein, TDP-43, into cytoplasmic aggregates, which contributes to pathology via unclear mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that TDP-43 turnover and toxicity depend in part upon the endocytosis pathway. TDP-43 inhibits endocytosis, and co-localizes strongly with endocytic proteins, including in ALS patient tissue. Impairing endocytosis increases TDP-43 toxicity, aggregation, and protein levels, whereas enhancing endocytosis reverses these phenotypes. Locomotor dysfunction in a TDP-43 ALS fly model is also exacerbated and suppressed by impairment and enhancement of endocytic function, respectively. Thus, endocytosis dysfunction may be an underlying cause of ALS pathology. Impaired turnover of TDP-43 by impaired autophagy or proteasomal function have been suggested to be the cause of TDP-43 accumulation, a hallmark of ALS. Here the authors demonstrate that endocytosis is also important for regulating TDP-43 turnover and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alyssa N Coyne
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Fen Pei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Spencer Vaughan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Matthew Chaung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - J Ross Buchan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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