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Lin R, Zhang L, Yang X, Li Q, Zhang C, Guo L, Yu H, Yu H. Responses of the Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus under Different CO 2 Concentration by Comparative Proteomic Analyses. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:652. [PMID: 35887408 PMCID: PMC9321156 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleurotus ostreatus is a popular edible mushroom in East Asian markets. Research on the responses of P. ostreatus under different carbon dioxide concentrations is limited. METHODS Label-free LC-MS/MS quantitative proteomics analysis technique was adopted to obtain the protein expression profiles of P. ostreatus fruiting body pileus collected under different carbon dioxide concentrations. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and principal component analysis were performed to reveal the correlation among samples. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were organized. Gene ontology analysis was performed to divide the DEPs into different metabolic processes and pathways. RESULTS The expansion of stipes was inhibited in the high CO2 group compared with that in the low CO2 group. There were 415 DEPs (131 up- and 284 down-regulated) in P. ostreatus PH11 treated with 1% CO2 concentration compared with P. ostreatus under atmospheric conditions. Proteins related to hydrolase activity, including several amidohydrolases and cell wall synthesis proteins, were highly expressed under high CO2 concentration. Most of the kinases and elongation factors were significantly down-regulated under high CO2 concentration. The results suggest that the metabolic regulation and development processes were inhibited under high CO2 concentrations. In addition, the sexual differentiation process protein Isp4 was inhibited under high CO2 concentrations, indicating that the sexual reproductive process was also inhibited under high CO2 concentrations, which is inconsistent with the small fruiting body pileus under high CO2 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This research reports the proteome analysis of commercially relevant edible fungi P. ostreatus under different carbon dioxide concentrations. This study deepens our understanding of the mechanism for CO2-induced morphological change in the P. ostreatus fruiting body, which will facilitate the artificial cultivation of edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (R.L.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.Y.); (L.G.)
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lujun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (R.L.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiuqing Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (R.L.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chenxiao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (R.L.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Lizhong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Hao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.Y.); (L.G.)
| | - Hailong Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (R.L.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (C.Z.)
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Péladeau C, Jasmin BJ. Targeting IRES-dependent translation as a novel approach for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1238-1251. [PMID: 33164678 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1847894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal-ribosomal entry sites (IRES) are translational elements that allow the initiation machinery to start protein synthesis via internal initiation. IRESs promote tissue-specific translation in stress conditions when conventional cap-dependent translation is inhibited. Since many IRES-containing mRNAs are relevant to diseases, this cellular mechanism is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target for pharmacological and genetic modulations. Indeed, there has been growing interest over the past years in determining the therapeutic potential of IRESs for several disease conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration and neuromuscular diseases including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). IRESs relevant for DMD have been identified in several transcripts whose protein product results in functional improvements in dystrophic muscles. Together, these converging lines of evidence indicate that activation of IRES-mediated translation of relevant transcripts in DMD muscle represents a novel and appropriate therapeutic strategy for DMD that warrants further investigation, particularly to identify agents that can modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Sun J, Qiu J, Hu X, Hu J, Bao Z. Proteomic analysis identifies proteins related to carotenoid accumulation in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis). Food Chem 2014; 147:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Komatsu T, Salih E, Helmerhorst EJ, Offner GD, Oppenheim FG. Influence of histatin 5 on Candida albicans mitochondrial protein expression assessed by quantitative mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2010; 10:646-55. [PMID: 21080726 DOI: 10.1021/pr100861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individual aspects of the mode of action of histatin 5, a human salivary antifungal protein, have been partially elucidated, but the mechanism likely involves a complex set of events that have not been characterized. Previous evidence points toward histatin-induced alterations in mitochondrial function. The purpose of the present study was to verify and quantify changes in the mitochondrial proteome of Candida albicans treated with histatin 5. Cell killing was determined by plating and differential protein expression levels in the mitochondrial samples were determined by quantitative proteomics approaches employing mTRAQ and ICAT labeling and Western blotting. Relative quantitation ratios were established for 144 different proteins. Up-regulated mitochondrial proteins were predominantly involved in genome maintenance and gene expression, whereas proteins that constitute the respiratory enzyme complexes were mostly down-regulated. The differential expression of ATP synthase gamma chain and elongation factor 1-alpha were confirmed by Western blotting by comparison to levels of cytochrome c which were unchanged upon histatin treatment. The mTRAQ and ICAT proteomics results suggest that key steps in the histatin 5 antifungal mechanism involve a bioenergetic collapse of C. albicans, caused essentially by a decrease in mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Komatsu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Pittman YR, Kandl K, Lewis M, Valente L, Kinzy TG. Coordination of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) function in actin organization and translation elongation by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eEF1Balpha. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:4739-47. [PMID: 19095653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807945200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) both shuttles aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosome and binds and bundles actin. A single domain of eEF1A is proposed to bind actin, aa-tRNA and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eEF1Balpha. We show that eEF1Balpha has the ability to disrupt eEF1A-induced actin organization. Mutational analysis of eEF1Balpha F163, which binds in this domain, demonstrates effects on growth, eEF1A binding, nucleotide exchange activity, and cell morphology. These phenotypes can be partially restored by an intragenic W130A mutation. Furthermore, the combination of F163A with the lethal K205A mutation restores viability by drastically reducing eEF1Balpha affinity for eEF1A. This also results in a consistent increase in actin bundling and partially corrected morphology. The consequences of the overlapping functions in this eEF1A domain and its unique differences from the bacterial homologs provide a novel function for eEF1Balpha to balance the dual roles in actin bundling and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette R Pittman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Ozturk SB, Kinzy TG. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor independence of the G-protein eEF1A through novel mutant forms and biochemical properties. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:23244-53. [PMID: 18562321 PMCID: PMC2517005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801095200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most G-proteins require a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) to regulate a variety of critical cellular processes. Interestingly, a small number of G-proteins switch between the active and inactive forms without a GEF. Translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) normally requires the GEF eEF1Balpha to accelerate nucleotide dissociation. However, several mutant forms of eEF1A are functional independent of this essential regulator in vivo. GEF-independent eEF1A mutations localize close to the G-protein motifs that are crucial for nucleotide binding. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that reduced GDP affinity correlates with wild type growth and high translation activities of GEF-independent mutants. Furthermore, the mutant forms show an 11-22-fold increase in rates of GDP dissociation from eEF1A compared with the wild type protein. All mutant forms have dramatically enhanced stability at elevated temperatures. This, coupled with data demonstrating that eEF1A is also more stable in the presence of nucleotides, suggests that both the GEF and nucleotide have stabilizing effects on eEF1A. The biochemical properties of these eEF1A mutants provide insight into the mechanism behind GEF-independent G-protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedide B Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Plant EP, Nguyen P, Russ JR, Pittman YR, Nguyen T, Quesinberry JT, Kinzy TG, Dinman JD. Differentiating between near- and non-cognate codons in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2007; 2:e517. [PMID: 17565370 PMCID: PMC1885216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Decoding of mRNAs is performed by aminoacyl tRNAs (aa-tRNAs). This process is highly accurate, however, at low frequencies (10−3 – 10−4) the wrong aa-tRNA can be selected, leading to incorporation of aberrant amino acids. Although our understanding of what constitutes the correct or cognate aa-tRNA:mRNA interaction is well defined, a functional distinction between near-cognate or single mismatched, and unpaired or non-cognate interactions is lacking. Methodology/Principal Findings Misreading of several synonymous codon substitutions at the catalytic site of firefly luciferase was assayed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of the results in the context of current kinetic and biophysical models of aa-tRNA selection suggests that the defining feature of near-cognate aa-tRNAs is their potential to form mini-helical structures with A-site codons, enabling stimulation of GTPase activity of eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1A (eEF1A). Paromomycin specifically stimulated misreading of near-cognate but not of non-cognate aa-tRNAs, providing a functional probe to distinguish between these two classes. Deletion of the accessory elongation factor eEF1Bγ promoted increased misreading of near-cognate, but hyperaccurate reading of non-cognate codons, suggesting that this factor also has a role in tRNA discrimination. A mutant of eEF1Bα, the nucleotide exchange factor for eEF1A, promoted a general increase in fidelity, suggesting that the decreased rates of elongation may provide more time for discrimination between aa-tRNAs. A mutant form of ribosomal protein L5 promoted hyperaccurate decoding of both types of codons, even though it is topologically distant from the decoding center. Conclusions/Signficance It is important to distinguish between near-cognate and non-cognate mRNA:tRNA interactions, because such a definition may be important for informing therapeutic strategies for suppressing these two different categories of mutations underlying many human diseases. This study suggests that the defining feature of near-cognate aa-tRNAs is their potential to form mini-helical structures with A-site codons in the ribosomal decoding center. An aminoglycoside and a ribosomal factor can be used to distinguish between near-cognate and non-cognate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan P. Plant
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Russ
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yvette R. Pittman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Thai Nguyen
- The Science and Technology Center at Eleanor Roosevelt High School, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Terri Goss Kinzy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Dinman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Ozturk SB, Vishnu MR, Olarewaju O, Starita LM, Masison DC, Kinzy TG. Unique classes of mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae G-protein translation elongation factor 1A suppress the requirement for guanine nucleotide exchange. Genetics 2006; 174:651-63. [PMID: 16951075 PMCID: PMC1602096 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.059899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G-proteins play critical roles in many cellular processes and are regulated by accessory proteins that modulate the nucleotide-bound state. Such proteins, including eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), are frequently reactivated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, only the catalytic subunit of the GEF complex, eEF1Balpha, is essential for viability. The requirement for the TEF5 gene encoding eEF1Balpha can be suppressed by the presence of excess substrate, eEF1A. These cells, however, have defects in growth and translation. Two independent unbiased screens performed to dissect the cause of these phenotypes yielded dominant suppressors that bypass the requirement for extra eEF1A. Surprisingly, all mutations are in the G-protein eEF1A and cluster in its GTP-binding domain. Five mutants were used to construct novel strains expressing only the eEF1A mutant at normal levels. These strains show no growth defects and little to no decreases in total translation, which raises questions as to the evolutionary expression of GEF complexity and other potential functions of this complex. The location of the mutations on the eEF1A-eEF1Balpha structure suggests that their mechanism of suppression may depend on effects on the conserved G-protein elements: the P-loop and NKXD nucleotide-binding element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedide B Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Jersey 08854, USA
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McGoldrick S, McCarthy TV, Sheehan D. The 110kDa glutathione transferase of Yarrowia lipolytica is encoded by a homologue of the TEF3 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Cloning, expression, and homology modeling of the recombinant protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 337:1125-32. [PMID: 16229819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The TEF4 gene of the non-saccharomyces yeast Yarrowia lipolytica encodes an EF1Bgamma protein with structural similarity to the glutathione transferases (GSTs). This 1203bp gene was cloned, over-expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein characterized. DNA sequencing of the cloned gene agreed with the recently completed Y. lipolytica genome and showed 100% identity to a previously reported 30-residue N-terminal sequence for a 110kDa Y. lipolytica GST, except that it encoded two additional N-terminal residues (N-Met-Ser-). The recombinant protein (subunit M(r) 52kDa) was found not to possess GST activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Partial tryptic digestion released two fragments of M(r) 22 and 18kDa, which we interpret as N- and C-terminal domains. Homology modeling confirmed that the N-terminal domain of Y. lipolytica TEF4 encodes a GST-like protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane McGoldrick
- Department of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Mardyke, Cork, Ireland
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Chuang SM, Madura K. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ub-conjugating enzyme Ubc4 binds the proteasome in the presence of translationally damaged proteins. Genetics 2005; 171:1477-84. [PMID: 16118187 PMCID: PMC1456077 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.046888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance mechanisms that monitor protein synthesis can promote rapid elimination of misfolded nascent proteins. We showed that the translation elongation factor eEF1A and the proteasome subunit Rpt1 play a central role in the translocation of nascent-damaged proteins to the proteasome. We show here that multiubiquitinated proteins, and the ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme Ubc4, are rapidly detected in the proteasome following translational damage. However, Ubc4 levels in the proteasome were reduced significantly in a strain that expressed a mutant Rpt1 subunit. Ubc4 and Ubc5 are functionally redundant E2 enzymes that represent ideal candidates for ubiquitinating damaged nascent proteins because they lack significant substrate specificity, are required for the degradation of bulk, damaged proteins, and contribute to cellular stress-tolerance mechanisms. In agreement with this hypothesis, we determined that ubc4Delta ubc5Delta is exceedingly sensitive to protein translation inhibitors. Collectively, these studies suggest a specific role for Ubc4 and Ubc5 in the degradation of cotranslationally damaged proteins that are targeted to the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Show-Mei Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, Rm. 383, SPH/Research Building, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Magazinnik T, Anand M, Sattlegger E, Hinnebusch AG, Kinzy TG. Interplay between GCN2 and GCN4 expression, translation elongation factor 1 mutations and translational fidelity in yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:4584-92. [PMID: 16100380 PMCID: PMC1185573 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic screens in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified the roles of ribosome components, tRNAs and translation factors in translational fidelity. These screens rely on the suppression of altered start codons, nonsense codons or frameshift mutations in genes involved in amino acid or nucleotide metabolism. Many of these genes are regulated by the General Amino Acid Control (GAAC) pathway. Upon amino acid starvation, the kinase GCN2 induces the GAAC cascade via increased translation of the transcriptional activator GCN4 controlled by upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Overexpression of the GCN2 or GCN4 genes enhances the sensitivity of translation fidelity assays that utilize genes regulated by GCN4, such as the suppression of a +1 insertion by S.cerevisiae translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) mutants. Paromomycin and the prion [PSI+], which reduce translational fidelity, do not increase GCN4 expression to induce the suppression phenotype and in fact reduce derepression. eEF1A mutations that reduce translation, however, reduce expression of GCN4 under non-starvation conditions. These eEF1A mutants also reduce HIS4 mRNA expression. Taken together, this system improves in vivo strategies for the analysis of translational fidelity and further provides new information on the interplay among translation fidelity, altered elongation and translational control via uORFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Magazinnik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Monika Anand
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Evelyn Sattlegger
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, NICHD, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan G. Hinnebusch
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, NICHD, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Terri Goss Kinzy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, NICHD, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 732 235 5450; Fax: +1 732 235 5223;
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Abstract
The regulation of gene expression at the translational level not only allows for rapid changes in specific protein levels but also provides an opportunity to alter codon specificity. For the incorporation of selenocysteine (Sec) into protein, the UGA codon is transformed from one that signals translation termination to one specific for Sec. This review provides a look at Sec incorporation from the perspective of the individual steps involved in protein synthesis: initiation, elongation and termination. The roles of the factors known to be required for Sec incorporation are considered in the context of each step in translation including structural modeling of the differences between the standard elongation factor eEF1A and the Sec-specific counterpart, eEFSec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Copeland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Ln Rm 728, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Anand M, Chakraburtty K, Marton MJ, Hinnebusch AG, Kinzy TG. Functional interactions between yeast translation eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF) 1A and eEF3. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:6985-91. [PMID: 12493761 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m209224200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation elongation machinery in fungi differs from other eukaryotes in its dependence upon eukaryotic elongation factor 3 (eEF3). eEF3 is essential in vivo and required for each cycle of the translation elongation process in vitro. Models predict eEF3 affects the delivery of cognate aminoacyl-tRNA, a function performed by eEF1A, by removing deacylated tRNA from the ribosomal Exit site. To dissect eEF3 function and its link to the A-site activities of eEF1A, we have identified a temperature-sensitive allele of the YEF3 gene. The F650S substitution, located between the two ATP binding cassettes, reduces both ribosome-dependent and intrinsic ATPase activities. In vivo this mutation increases sensitivity to aminoglycosidic drugs, causes a 50% reduction of total protein synthesis at permissive temperatures, slows run-off of polyribosomes, and reduces binding to eEF1A. Reciprocally, excess eEF3 confers synthetic slow growth, increased drug sensitivity, and reduced translation in an allele specific fashion with an E122K mutation in the GTP binding domain of eEF1A. In addition, this mutant form of eEF1A shows reduced binding of eEF3. Thus, optimal in vivo interactions between eEF3 and eEF1A are critical for protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Anand
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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