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Lane JM, Qian J, Mignot E, Redline S, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Genetics of circadian rhythms and sleep in human health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:4-20. [PMID: 36028773 PMCID: PMC10947799 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and sleep are fundamental biological processes integral to human health. Their disruption is associated with detrimental physiological consequences, including cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and immunological dysfunctions. Yet many of the molecular underpinnings of sleep regulation in health and disease have remained elusive. Given the moderate heritability of circadian and sleep traits, genetics offers an opportunity that complements insights from model organism studies to advance our fundamental molecular understanding of human circadian and sleep physiology and linked chronic disease biology. Here, we review recent discoveries of the genetics of circadian and sleep physiology and disorders with a focus on those that reveal causal contributions to complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Beer K, Helfrich-Förster C. Model and Non-model Insects in Chronobiology. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:601676. [PMID: 33328925 PMCID: PMC7732648 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.601676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established model organism in chronobiology, because genetic manipulation and breeding in the laboratory are easy. The circadian clock neuroanatomy in D. melanogaster is one of the best-known clock networks in insects and basic circadian behavior has been characterized in detail in this insect. Another model in chronobiology is the honey bee Apis mellifera, of which diurnal foraging behavior has been described already in the early twentieth century. A. mellifera hallmarks the research on the interplay between the clock and sociality and complex behaviors like sun compass navigation and time-place-learning. Nevertheless, there are aspects of clock structure and function, like for example the role of the clock in photoperiodism and diapause, which can be only insufficiently investigated in these two models. Unlike high-latitude flies such as Chymomyza costata or D. ezoana, cosmopolitan D. melanogaster flies do not display a photoperiodic diapause. Similarly, A. mellifera bees do not go into "real" diapause, but most solitary bee species exhibit an obligatory diapause. Furthermore, sociality evolved in different Hymenoptera independently, wherefore it might be misleading to study the social clock only in one social insect. Consequently, additional research on non-model insects is required to understand the circadian clock in Diptera and Hymenoptera. In this review, we introduce the two chronobiology model insects D. melanogaster and A. mellifera, compare them with other insects and show their advantages and limitations as general models for insect circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Beer
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocentre, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Haspel JA, Anafi R, Brown MK, Cermakian N, Depner C, Desplats P, Gelman AE, Haack M, Jelic S, Kim BS, Laposky AD, Lee YC, Mongodin E, Prather AA, Prendergast BJ, Reardon C, Shaw AC, Sengupta S, Szentirmai É, Thakkar M, Walker WE, Solt LA. Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity - an NIH workshop summary. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131487. [PMID: 31941836 PMCID: PMC7030790 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries demonstrate a critical role for circadian rhythms and sleep in immune system homeostasis. Both innate and adaptive immune responses - ranging from leukocyte mobilization, trafficking, and chemotaxis to cytokine release and T cell differentiation -are mediated in a time of day-dependent manner. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop, "Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, and the Immune Response," to highlight new research linking sleep and circadian biology to immune function and to identify areas of high translational potential. This Review summarizes topics discussed and highlights immediate opportunities for delineating clinically relevant connections among biological rhythms, sleep, and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ron Anafi
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marishka K. Brown
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Depner
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Paula Desplats
- Department of Neurosciences and
- Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Monika Haack
- Human Sleep and Inflammatory Systems Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanja Jelic
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian S. Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron D. Laposky
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yvonne C. Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aric A. Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian J. Prendergast
- Department of Psychology and Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Colin Reardon
- Department, of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shaon Sengupta
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Éva Szentirmai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Mahesh Thakkar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Wendy E. Walker
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech University, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Laura A. Solt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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