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Mellaerts S, Afanas'ev V, Seo JW, Houssa M, Locquet JP. Efficient Direct Band-Gap Transition in Germanium by Three-Dimensional Strain. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30941-30949. [PMID: 34157228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Complementary to the development of highly three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits in the continuation of Moore's law, there has been a growing interest in new 3D deformation strategies to improve the device performance. To continue this search for new 3D deformation techniques, it is essential to explore beforehand, using computational predictive methods, which strain tensor leads to the desired properties. In this work, we study germanium (Ge) under an isotropic 3D strain on the basis of first-principles methods. The transport and optical properties are studied by a fully ab initio Boltzmann transport equation and many-body Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) approach, respectively. Our findings show that a direct band gap in Ge could be realized with only 0.70% triaxial tensile strain (negative pressure) and without the challenges associated with Sn doping. At the same time, a significant increase in the refractive index and carrier mobility, particularly for electrons, is observed. These results demonstrate that there is a huge potential in exploring the 3D deformation space for semiconductors, and potentially many other materials, to optimize their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mellaerts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valeri Afanas'ev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jin Won Seo
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Houssa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Locquet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Reeber RR, Wang K. High Temperature Elastic Constant Prediction of Some Group III-Nitrides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1557/s1092578300000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermoelastic properties are important for modeling thermal residual stresses and for optimizing the growth conditions of semiconductor thin films. Thermal expansions of AlN and GaN have been evaluated and predicted by us earlier [1][2]. Here, high temperature elastic constants are estimated empirically from corresponding state relationships and data from other hexagonal Grimm-Sommerfeld compounds. This information together with our earlier thermal expansion data will further improve capabilities for calculating thermal residual stresses in various semiconductor thin films.
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Saito T, Ohdomari I. Quantitative analysis of the bond rearrangement process during solid phase epitaxy of amorphous silicon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/13642818408227655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshi Saito
- a School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3–4–1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Iwao Ohdomari
- a School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3–4–1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan
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Cousins CSG. Internal strain in diamond structure elements: a survey of theoretical approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/15/9/009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ford PJ, Miller AJ, Saunders GA, Yogurtcu YK, Furdyna JK, Jaczynski M. The effects of pressure on the elastic constants of mercury selenide up to the phase transition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/15/4/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Altmann SL, Lapiccirella A, Lodge KW, Tomassini N. A valence force field for the silicon crystal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/15/27/014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vogelgesang R, Ramdas AK, Rodriguez S, Grimsditch M, Anthony TR. Brillouin and Raman scattering in natural and isotopically controlled diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:3989-3999. [PMID: 9986299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Verma P, Abbi SC, Jain KP. Raman-scattering probe of anharmonic effects in GaAs. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:16660-16667. [PMID: 9978670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lambade SD, Sahasrabudhe GG, Rajagopalan S. Temperature dependence of acoustic attenuation in silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:15861-15866. [PMID: 9978564 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hebbache M. Elastic phase transition in germanium and silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:6522-6527. [PMID: 10009369 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.6522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Sui Z, Herman IP. Effect of strain on phonons in Si, Ge, and Si/Ge heterostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:17938-17953. [PMID: 10008430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.17938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fouret R, Hennion B, Gonzalez J, Wasim SM. Elastic stiffness constants of copper indium diselenide determined by neutron scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:8269-8272. [PMID: 10004841 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.8269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Tsumuraya K, Ishibashi K, Kusunoki K. Statistics of Voronoi polyhedra in a model silicon glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:8552-8557. [PMID: 10004893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.8552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Michaud H, Baillin X, Pelissier J, Putaux J, Thibault J. Interaction between dislocations and Σ = 51 and Σ = 19 tilt grain boundaries in germanium: Study by in-situ, TEM and HREM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1051/mmm:0199300402-3022100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Narasimhan S, Vanderbilt D. Anharmonic self-energies of phonons in silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:4541-4544. [PMID: 9997819 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Santini P, Miglio L, Benedek G, Harten U, Ruggerone P, Toennies JP. Dynamics and structural assessment of open semiconductor surfaces: GaAs(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:11942-11945. [PMID: 9995508 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.11942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zandiehnadem F, Ching WY. Total energy, lattice dynamics, and structural phase transitions in silicon by the orthogonalized linear combination of atomic orbitals method. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:12162-12179. [PMID: 9993671 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Anastassakis E, Cantarero A, Cardona M. Piezo-Raman measurements and anharmonic parameters in silicon and diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:7529-7535. [PMID: 9993044 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Vanderbilt D, Taole SH, Narasimhan S. Anharmonic elastic and phonon properties of Si. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:5657-5668. [PMID: 9992603 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.5657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Vanderbilt D, Louie SG, Cohen ML. Calculation of anharmonic phonon couplings in C, Si, and Ge. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1986; 33:8740-8747. [PMID: 9938276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.33.8740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Pietsch U, Marlow D. The Thermal Expansion Coefficient of GaxIn1-xAsyP1−y Epitaxial Layers Grown on InP Substrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2210930118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nielsen OH, Martin RM. Stresses in semiconductors: Ab initio calculations on Si, Ge, and GaAs. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1985; 32:3792-3805. [PMID: 9937529 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.32.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Lannoo M, Schlüter M. Nature of covalent bonding of self-interstitials in silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1985; 31:5468-5470. [PMID: 9936517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.31.5468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Anderson AB. Vibrational potentials and structures in molecular and solid carbon, silicon, germanium, and tin. J Chem Phys 1975. [DOI: 10.1063/1.431162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Keating PN. Relationship between the Macroscopic and Microscopic Theory of Crystal Elasticity. II. Nonprimitive Crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.169.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Keating PN. Relationship between the Macroscopic and Microscopic Theory of Crystal Elasticity. I. Primitive Crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1966. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.152.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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