1
|
Ranjan P, Saptal VB, Bera JK. Recent Advances in Carbon Dioxide Adsorption, Activation and Hydrogenation to Methanol using Transition Metal Carbides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201183. [PMID: 36036640 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inevitable emission of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) due to the burning of a substantial amount of fossil fuels has led to serious energy and environmental challenges. Metal-based catalytic CO2 transformations into commodity chemicals are a favorable approach in the CO2 mitigation strategy. Among these transformations, selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is the most promising process that not only fulfils the energy demands but also re-balances the carbon cycle. The investigation of CO2 adsorption on the surface of heterogeneous catalyst is highly important because the formation of various intermediates which determines the selectivity of product. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have received considerable attention in recent years because of their noble metal-like reactivity, ceramic-like properties, high chemical and thermal stability. These features make them excellent catalytic materials for a variety of transformations such as CO2 adsorption and its conversion into value-added chemicals. Herein, the catalytic properties of TMCs are summarize along with synthetic methods, CO2 binding modes, mechanistic studies, effects of dopant on CO2 adsorption, and carbon/metal ratio in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction to methanol using computational as well as experimental studies. Additionally, this Review provides an outline of the challenges and opportunities for the development of potential TMCs in CO2 hydrogenation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabodh Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Vitthal B Saptal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Jitendra K Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu ZN, Ai Y, Xu W, Zhang X, Sun Z, Guo L, Guo R, Wang Y, Ding K, Sun HB, Hu J, Liang Q, Yang Y. Iron Catalyzed Cascade Construction of Molybdenum Carbide Heterointerfaces for Understanding Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200439. [PMID: 35355393 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intercrystalline interfaces have been proven vital in heterostructure catalysts. However, it is still challenging to generate specified heterointerfaces and to make clear the mechanism of a reaction on the interface. Herein, this work proposes a strategy of Fe-catalyzed cascade formation of heterointerfaces for comprehending the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In the pure solid-phase reaction system, Fe catalyzes the in situ conversion of MoO2 to MoC and then Mo2 C, and the consecutive formation leaves lavish intercrystalline interfaces of MoO2 -MoC (in Fe-MoO2 /MoC@NC) or MoC-Mo2 C (in Fe-MoC/β-Mo2 C@NC), which contribute to HER activity. The improved HER activity on the interface leads to further checking of the mechanism with density functional theory calculation. The computation results reveal that the electroreduction (Volmer step) produced H* prefers to be adsorbed on Mo2 C; then two pathways are proposed for the HER on the interface of MoC-Mo2 C, including the single-molecular adsorption pathway (Rideal mechanism) and the bimolecular adsorption pathway (Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism). The calculation results further show that the former is favorable, and the reaction on the MoC-Mo2 C heterointerface significantly lowers the energy barriers of the rate-determining steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Nan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yongjian Ai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Zejun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Liutao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Rongxiu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Kelong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jianshe Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Yang
- NanoScience Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformation Cluster, Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Jaf ZN, Miran HA, Jiang ZT, Altarawneh M. Molybdenum nitrides from structures to industrial applications. REV CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Owing to their remarkable characteristics, refractory molybdenum nitride (MoN
x
)-based compounds have been deployed in a wide range of strategic industrial applications. This review reports the electronic and structural properties that render MoN
x
materials as potent catalytic surfaces for numerous chemical reactions and surveys the syntheses, procedures, and catalytic applications in pertinent industries such as the petroleum industry. In particular, hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodeoxygenation are essential processes in the refinement of oil segments and their conversions into commodity fuels and platform chemicals. N-vacant sites over a catalyst’s surface are a significant driver of diverse chemical phenomena. Studies on various reaction routes have emphasized that the transfer of adsorbed hydrogen atoms from the N-vacant sites reduces the activation barriers for bond breaking at key structural linkages. Density functional theory has recently provided an atomic-level understanding of Mo–N systems as active ingredients in hydrotreating processes. These Mo–N systems are potentially extendible to the hydrogenation of more complex molecules, most notably, oxygenated aromatic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab N. Jaf
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences – Ibn Al-Haitham , University of Baghdad , Baghdad 10071 , Iraq
| | - Hussein A. Miran
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences – Ibn Al-Haitham , University of Baghdad , Baghdad 10071 , Iraq
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education , Murdoch University , Murdoch , WA 6150 , Australia
| | - Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , United Arab Emirates University , Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Street , Al-Ain 15551 , United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ochoa E, Torres D, Pinilla J, Suelves I. Influence of carburization time on the activity of Mo2C/CNF catalysts for the HDO of guaiacol. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Wang C, Zhang J, Chen J. Preparation of Single‐Phase Iron Nitrides and Investigation of Their Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis Performance. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Jiangang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu XF, Yu L, Zhang J, Lou XWD. Ultrafine Dual-Phased Carbide Nanocrystals Confined in Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dodecahedrons for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900699. [PMID: 31168857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Designing novel non-noble electrocatalysts with controlled structures and composition remains a great challenge for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a rational synthesis of ultrafine carbide nanocrystals confined in porous nitrogen-doped carbon dodecahedrons (PNCDs) by annealing functional zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) with molybdate or tungstate is reported. By controlling the substitution amount of MO4 units (M = Mo or W) in the ZIF-8 framework, dual-phase carbide nanocrystals confined in PNCDs (denoted as MC-M2 C/PNCDs) can be obtained, which exhibit superior activity toward the HER to the single-phased MC/PNCDs and M2 C/PNCDs. The evenly distributed ultrafine nanocrystals favor the exposure of active sites. PNCDs as the support facilitate charge transfer and protect the nanocrystals from aggregation during the HER process. Moreover, the strong coupling interactions between MC and M2 C provide beneficial sites for both water dissociation and hydrogen desorption. This work highlights a new feasible strategy to explore efficient electrocatalysts via engineering on nanostructure and composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng Lu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Le Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jintao Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Xiong Wen David Lou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu K, Yu M, Wang H, Wang J, Liu W, Hoffmann MR. Multiphase Porous Electrochemical Catalysts Derived from Iron-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6474-6482. [PMID: 31074616 PMCID: PMC6551571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide use has attracted attention recently due to potential damage to human health and lethality to the honey bees and other pollinators. Fenton reagent treatment processes can be applied for the degradation of herbicidal contaminants from water. However, the need to carry out the normal Fenton reactions under acidic conditions often hinders their practical application for pollution control. Herein, we report on the synthesis and application of multiphasic porous electro-Fenton catalysts prepared from calcinated metal-organic framework compounds, CMOF@PCM, and their application for the mineralization of herbicides in aqueous solution at circum-neutral pH. CMOF nanoparticles (NPs) are anchored on porous carbon monolithic (PCM) substrates, which allow for binder-free application. H2O2 is electrochemically generated on the PCM substrate which serves as a cathode, while ·OH is generated by the CMOF NPs at low applied potentials (-0.14 V). Results show that the structure and reactivity of the CMOF@PCM electro-Fenton catalysts are dependent on the specific MOF precursor used during synthesis. For example, CMIL-88-NH2, which is prepared from MIL-88(Fe)-NH2, is a porous core-shell structured NP comprised of a cementite (Fe3C) intermediate layer that is sandwiched between a graphitic shell and a magnetite (Fe3O4) core. The electro-Fenton production of hydroxyl radical on the CMOF@PCM composite material is shown to effectively degrade an array of herbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- College
of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91126, United States
| | - Menglin Yu
- College
of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- College
of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College
of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- College
of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Michael R. Hoffmann
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91126, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Skolimowski J, Gerasimenko Y, Žitko R. Mottness collapse without metallization in the domain wall of the triangular-lattice Mott insulator 1T-TaS_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:036802. [PMID: 30735418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.036802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
1T-TaS_{2} is a charge-density-wave (CDW) compound with a Mott-insulating ground state. The metallic state obtained by doping, substitution, or pulsed charge injection is characterized by an emergent CDW domain-wall network, while single domain walls can be found in the pristine Mott state. Here we study whether and how the single walls become metallic. Tunneling spectroscopy reveals partial suppression of the Mott gap and the presence of in-gap states strongly localized at the domain-wall sites. Using the real-space dynamical mean field theory description of the strongly correlated quantum-paramagnet ground state, we show that the local gap suppression follows from the increased hopping along the connected zigzag chain of lattice sites forming the domain wall. Furthermore, we show that full metallization is preempted by the splitting of the quasiparticle band into bonding and antibonding subbands due to the structural dimerization of the wall, explaining the presence of the in-gap states and the low density of states at the Fermi level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skolimowski
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Rok Žitko
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao Q, Zhang W, Shi Z, Yang L, Tang Y. Structural Design and Electronic Modulation of Transition-Metal-Carbide Electrocatalysts toward Efficient Hydrogen Evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802880. [PMID: 30133010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As the key of hydrogen economy, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) depend on the availability of cost-efficient electrocatalysts. Over the past years, there is a rapid rise in noble-metal-free electrocatalysts. Among them, transition metal carbides (TMCs) are highlighted due to their structural and electronic merits, e.g., high conductivity, metallic band states, tunable surface/bulk architectures, etc. Herein, representative efforts and progress made on TMCs are comprehensively reviewed, focusing on the noble-metal-like electronic configuration and the relevant structural/electronic modulation. Briefly, specific nanostructures and carbon-based hybrids are introduced to increase active-site abundance and to promote mass transportation, and heteroatom doping and heterointerface engineering are encouraged to optimize the chemical configurations of active sites toward intrinsically boosted HER kinetics. Finally, a perspective on the future development of TMC electrocatalysts is offered. The overall aim is to shed some light on the exploration of emerging materials in energy chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhangping Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iCHEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lichun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iCHEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tran CC, Han Y, Garcia-Perez M, Kaliaguine S. Synergistic effect of Mo–W carbides on selective hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to oxygen-free aromatic hydrocarbons. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mo–W carbide was synthesized via temperature-programmed reduction to generate a β-Mo2C phase with bulk morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cong Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Laval University
- Quebec G1V 0A6
- Canada
| | - Yinglei Han
- Department of Biological System Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Manuel Garcia-Perez
- Department of Biological System Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Serge Kaliaguine
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Laval University
- Quebec G1V 0A6
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He WY, Xu XY, Chen G, Law KT, Lee PA. Spinon Fermi Surface in a Cluster Mott Insulator Model on a Triangular Lattice and Possible Application to 1T-TaS_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:046401. [PMID: 30095934 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.046401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
1T-TaS_{2} is a cluster Mott insulator on the triangular lattice with 13 Ta atoms forming a star of David cluster as the unit cell. We derive a two-dimensional XXZ spin-1/2 model with a four-spin ring exchange term to describe the effective low energy physics of a monolayer 1T-TaS_{2}, where the effective spin-1/2 degrees of freedom arises from the Kramers degenerate spin-orbital states on each star of David. A large scale density matrix renormalization group simulation is further performed on this effective model and we find a gapless spin liquid phase with a spinon Fermi surface at a moderate to large strength region of the four-spin ring exchange term. All peaks in the static spin structure factor are found to be located on the "2k_{F}" surface of a half-filled spinon on the triangular lattice. Experiments to detect the spinon Fermi surface phase in 1T-TaS_{2} are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu He
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yan Xu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics,Center for Field Theory & Particle Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - K T Law
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick A Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vinokur AI, Fredrickson DC. 18-Electron Resonance Structures in the BCC Transition Metals and Their CsCl-type Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2834-2842. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya I. Vinokur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel C. Fredrickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin H, Shi Z, He S, Yu X, Wang S, Gao Q, Tang Y. Heteronanowires of MoC-Mo 2C as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3399-3405. [PMID: 29997835 PMCID: PMC6007147 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00077k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MoC–Mo2C heteronanowires accomplished via controlled carbonization are efficient in the hydrogen evolution reaction due to a synergistic enhancement.
Exploring efficient noble-metal free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of the most promising pathways for facing the energy crisis. Herein, MoC–Mo2C heteronanowires composed of well-defined nanoparticles were accomplished via controlled carbonization, showing excellent HER activity, fast kinetic metrics and outstanding stability in both acid and basic electrolytes. In particular, the optimal one consisting of 31.4 wt% MoC displayed a low overpotential (η10 = 126 and 120 mV for reaching a current density of –10 mA cm–2), a small Tafel slope (43 and 42 mV dec–1) and a low onset overpotential (38 and 33 mV) in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M KOH, respectively. Such prominent performance, outperforming most of the current noble-metal free electrocatalysts, was ascribed to the carbide surface with an optimized electron density, and the consequently facilitated HER kinetics. This work elucidates a feasible way toward efficient electrocatalysts via heteronanostructure engineering, shedding some light on the exploration and optimization of catalysts in energy chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanlei Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China .
| | - Zhangping Shi
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Sina He
- Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China .
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China . .,Analytic and Testing Centre , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Sinong Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Qingsheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China .
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials , Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Garibay-Alonso R, Guillén-Escamilla I, Reyes-Reyes M, López-Sandoval R. Finite temperature orbital and spin magnetism of small Fe linear chains. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:286001. [PMID: 26102537 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/28/286001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The finite temperature spin and orbital magnetism of N≤ 10 Fe(N) linear chains is theoretically studied in the framework of a spin fluctuation theory based on a realistic d-band model Hamiltonian, which includes the spin-orbit coupling interaction in a non-perturbative way. Spin and orbital magnetic moments are calculated as a function of the temperature by using an exchange Monte Carlo method that takes into account in a full way the short-range magnetic order. The finite temperature anisotropy effects on the spin and orbital cluster moment values are analysed by considering magnetization directions perpendicular to and along the chain axis. The temperature dependence of the orbital cluster moment follows a general trend similar to that of the spin one and shows clear anisotropy effects at low and intermediate temperatures, before total thermal disorder appears. Interesting anisotropy effects driven by thermal spin fluctuations are also observed for the spin results in most of the systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Garibay-Alonso
- Departamento de Ingenierías, CU-Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Morelos 180, CP 45400, Tonalá, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang X, He S, Shu Y, Shi Z, Guo Y, Gao Q, Tang Y. Controlled nitridation of tantalum (oxy)nitride nanoparticles towards optimized metal-support interactions with gold nanocatalysts. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19644b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimized metal-support interactions were achieved on ionothermally prepared tantalum (oxy)nitrides with controlled nitridation, and the as-formed Auδ− species on TaON is efficient for nitrobenzene hydrogenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Sina He
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yijin Shu
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhangping Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
| | - Yulin Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qingsheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gao Q, Liu N, Wang S, Tang Y. Metal non-oxide nanostructures developed from organic-inorganic hybrids and their catalytic application. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14106-14120. [PMID: 25340459 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05035e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of metal non-oxides is important for their catalytic application, which is however limited by the fact that the current synthetic strategies are short of effective control over formation reactions. Recently, the hybrids evenly integrating organic with inorganic molecules on a nanoscale significantly provided quasi-homogeneous reactions towards well-defined nanocatalysts of metal non-oxides, in which their structures and properties can be modulated in a wide range. Focusing on the nanostructures and the related catalytic behaviors, this feature article seeks to provide some control on the key structures and properties of metal non-oxides (e.g. carbides, nitrides, sulfides and selenides). It is thus anticipated to shed some light on the development of emerging materials for efficient catalysis, especially those used in energy utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Torchio R, Mathon O, Pascarelli S. XAS and XMCD spectroscopies to study matter at high pressure: Probing the correlation between structure and magnetism in the 3d metals. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Zhang L, Sob M, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Lu GH. Characterization of iron ferromagnetism by the local atomic volume: from three-dimensional structures to isolated atoms. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:086002. [PMID: 24501204 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/8/086002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of the relationship between the ferromagnetism and the structural properties of Fe systems from three-dimensional ones to isolated atoms based on the spin-density functional theory. We have found a relation between the magnetic moment and the volume of the Voronoi polyhedron, determining, in most cases, the value of the total magnetic moment as a function of this volume with an average accuracy of ±0.28 μ(B) and of the 3d magnetic moment with an average accuracy of ±0.07 μ(B) when the atomic volume is larger than 22 ų. It is demonstrated that this approach is applicable for many three-dimensional systems, including high-symmetry structures of perfect body-centered cubic (bcc), face-centered cubic (fcc), hexagonal close-packed (hcp), double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp), and simple cubic (sc) crystals, as well as for lower-symmetry ones, for example atoms near a grain boundary (GB) or a surface, around a vacancy or in a linear chain (for low-dimensional cases, we provide a generalized definition of the Voronoi polyhedron). Also, we extend the validity of the Stoner model to low-dimensional structures, such as atomic chains, free-standing monolayers and surfaces, determining the Stoner parameter for these systems. The ratio of the 3d-exchange splitting to the magnetic moment, corresponding to the Stoner parameter, is found to be I(3d) = (0.998 ± 0.006) eV /μ(B) for magnetic moments up to 3.0 μ(B). Further, the 3d exchange splitting changes nearly linearly in the region of higher magnetic moments (3.0-4.0 μ(B)) and the corresponding Stoner exchange parameter equals I(h)(3d) = (0.272 ± 0.006) eV /μ(B). The existence of these two regions reflects the fact that, with increasing Voronoi volume, the 3d bands separate first and, consequently, the 3d magnetic moment increases. When the Voronoi volume is sufficiently large (≥22 ų), the separation of the 3d bands is complete and the magnetic moment reaches a value of 3.0 μ(B). Then, when the volume further increases, the 4s bands start to separate, increasing thus the 4s magnetic moment. Surprisingly, in the region of higher magnetic moments (≥3.0 μ(B)), there is also a linear relationship between the 4s exchange splitting and the total magnetic moment with a slope of I(h)(4s) = (1.053 ± 0.016) eV /μ(B), which is nearly identical to I(3d) for magnetic moments up to 3.0 μB. These linear relations can be considered as an extension of the Stoner model for low-dimensional systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China. Department of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yun S, Wu M, Wang Y, Shi J, Lin X, Hagfeldt A, Ma T. Pt-like behavior of high-performance counter electrodes prepared from binary tantalum compounds showing high electrocatalytic activity for dye-sensitized solar cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:411-6. [PMID: 23362154 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ta-based compounds show Pt-like behavior: Binary tantalum compounds as counter electrodes (CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) demonstrate Pt-like electrocatalytic activity and competitive photovoltaic performance, matching the performance of DSCs with Pt CEs. The first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide a strategy for understanding the relationship between the electronic structure and the catalytic activity of CE catalysts in DSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sining Yun
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- G. F. Weir
- a Department of Physics , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , England
| | - M. A. Howson
- a Department of Physics , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , England
| | - B. L. Gallagher
- a Department of Physics , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , England
| | - G. J. Morgan
- a Department of Physics , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , England
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kulikov NI, Zvonkov AD. Band Structure and Metal-to-Semiconductor Transition in the Cubic Hydrides of 3 B-Subgroup Elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.1979.117.117.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
23
|
Williams AR, Gelatt CD, Connolly JWD, Moruzzi VL. Cohesion, Compound Formation and Phase Diagrams from First Principles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-19-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe physical picture of cohesion and compound formation provided by parameter-free, self-consistent, energy-band calculations will be described. For transition-metal elements, the calculations allow us to “see” which electrons are holding the solid together and which are holding it apart. For compounds, calculated heats of formation agree well with available measurements and are in general agreement with those given by Miedema's empirical formula. (The agreement with Miedema is paradoxical, in that Miedema's conception of the formation process differs qualitatively from ours.) Preliminary, but very encouraging, results of efforts to extend the analysis to disordered materials and to the calculation of phase diagrams are described.
Collapse
|
24
|
Qin DY, Fan KN, Gao Z. Electronic structure and catalytic behavior of tungsten carbides. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.19910090201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
25
|
Garibay-Alonso R, Reyes-Reyes M, Urrutia-Bañuelos E, López-Sandoval R. Calculation of spin and orbital magnetizations in Fe slab systems at finite temperature. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:056001. [PMID: 21386353 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/5/056001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of spin and orbital local magnetizations is theoretically determined for the non-bulk atomic region of (001) and (110) Fe slab systems. A d band Hamiltonian, including spin-orbit coupling terms, was used to model the slabs, which were emulated by using Fe films of sufficient thickness to reach a bulk behavior at their most inner atomic layers. The temperature effects were considered within the static approximation and a simple mean field theory was used to integrate the local magnetic moment and charge thermal fluctuations. The results reflect a clear interplay between electronic itinerancy and the local atomic environment and they can be physically interpreted from the local small charge transfers occurring in the superficial region of the slabs. For recovering the experimental behavior on the results for the (001) slab system, the geometrical relaxations at its non-bulk atomic layers and a d band filling variation are required. A study on the magnetic anisotropy aspects in the superficial region of the slabs is additionally performed by analyzing the results for the orbital local magnetization calculated along two different magnetization directions in both slab systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Garibay-Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Conjunto Universitario Camporredondo, Edificio D, 25000 Saltillo, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides as Electrode Materials for Low Temperature Fuel Cells. ENERGIES 2009. [DOI: 10.3390/en20400873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Role of the self-consistency in the evaluation of the electronic structure of transition metal surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02726213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Bastos LCA, Monteiro WR, Zacharias MA, da Cruz GM, Rodrigues JAJ. Preparation and Characterization of Mo/W Bimetallic Carbides by Using Different Synthesis Methods. Catal Letters 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-007-9248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
30
|
Lin ZF, Chui ST. Manipulating electromagnetic radiation with magnetic photonic crystals. OPTICS LETTERS 2007; 32:2288-90. [PMID: 17700761 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We examine manipulating electromagnetic waves in magnetic photonic crystals (MPCs) with external magnetic fields. We predict new giant magnetoreflectivity and giant magnetorefractivity effects: with an external magnetic field of a magnitude much smaller than the anisotropy field of the ferromagnet, the MPC can be changed from completely reflecting to nonreflecting with corresponding changes in the angle of refraction. Application to the storage of electromagnetic radiation is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z F Lin
- Surface Physics Laboratory and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Papon AM, Simon JP, Guyot P, Desjonquères MC. Calculation of {112} twin and stacking fault energies in b.c.c. transition metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/13642817908246367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Papon
- a Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et I ysico-Chimie Métallurgiques, associé au CNRS (L.A. 29), E.N.S.E.E.G., Domaine Universitaire , B.P. 44, 38401 , Saint Martin d'Heres , France
| | - J. P. Simon
- a Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et I ysico-Chimie Métallurgiques, associé au CNRS (L.A. 29), E.N.S.E.E.G., Domaine Universitaire , B.P. 44, 38401 , Saint Martin d'Heres , France
| | - P. Guyot
- a Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et I ysico-Chimie Métallurgiques, associé au CNRS (L.A. 29), E.N.S.E.E.G., Domaine Universitaire , B.P. 44, 38401 , Saint Martin d'Heres , France
| | - M. C. Desjonquères
- b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Groupe des Transitions de Phases 166 X , 38042 , Grenoble , Cedex , France
- c Laboratoire de Microscopie Ionique , Faculté des Sciences de Rouen Place E. Blonde, 76130 , Mont Saint Aignan , France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Khanna
- a Groupe des Transitions de Phases , C.N.R.S. , B.P. 166, 38042 , Grenoble Cedex , France
| | - F. Cyrot-Lackmann
- a Groupe des Transitions de Phases , C.N.R.S. , B.P. 166, 38042 , Grenoble Cedex , France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Legrand PB. Relations entre la structure électronique et la facilité de glissement dans les métaux hexagonaux compacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/13642818408227636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Par B. Legrand
- a Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Saclay, Section de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique , 91191 , Gif-sur-Yvette Cédex , France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Muro Y, Nakamura H, Kohara T. The pseudogap and anisotropic thermal expansion in RMn(4)Al(8) (R = La,Y,Lu and Sc). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:3931-3936. [PMID: 21690749 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/16/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility shows a broad maximum at ∼550 and 630 K for LuMn(4)Al(8) and ScMn(4)Al(8), respectively, which can be interpreted as due to the presence of a pseudogap in the effective bands as in LaMn(4)Al(8) and YMn(4)Al(8). The anisotropic thermal expansion observed for RMn(4)Al(8) (R = La, Y, Lu and Sc) and the sensitive volume dependence of the gap width throughout the RMn(4)Al(8) system suggest dominant magnetic coupling in Mn spin chains along the c axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Muro
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
The effect of secondary metal on Mo2C/Al2O3 catalyst for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2003.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
Norris C, Myers HP. Photoemission study of the electronic structure of silver palladium alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/1/1/309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
40
|
Gautier F. The pseudopotential theory and the impurity problem in transition and noble metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/1/4/311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Heine V, Jones RO. Electronic band structure and covalency in diamond-type semiconductors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/2/4/316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
43
|
Morgan GJ. Electron transport in liquid metals II. A model for the wave functions in liquid transition metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/2/8/314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Hubbard J, Dalton NW. The approximate calculation of electronic band structures II. Application to copper and iron. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/1/6/321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
46
|
|
47
|
Pettifor DG. An energy-independent method of band-structure calculation for transition metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/2/6/316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
48
|
|
49
|
|
50
|
|