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Koner A, Du M, Pannir-Sivajothi S, Goldsmith RH, Yuen-Zhou J. A path towards single molecule vibrational strong coupling in a Fabry-Pérot microcavity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7753-7761. [PMID: 37476723 PMCID: PMC10355109 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between light and molecular vibrations leads to hybrid light-matter states called vibrational polaritons. Even though many intriguing phenomena have been predicted for single-molecule vibrational strong coupling (VSC), several studies suggest that these effects tend to be diminished in the many-molecule regime due to the presence of dark states. Achieving single or few-molecule vibrational polaritons has been constrained by the need for fabricating extremely small mode volume infrared cavities. In this theoretical work, we propose an alternative strategy to achieve single-molecule VSC in a cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) setup, based on the physics of cavity optomechanics. We then present a scheme harnessing few-molecule VSC to thermodynamically couple two reactions, such that a spontaneous electron transfer can now fuel a thermodynamically uphill reaction that was non-spontaneous outside the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghadip Koner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Matthew Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S Ellis Ave Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Sindhana Pannir-Sivajothi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706-1322 USA
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
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Xu D, Mandal A, Baxter JM, Cheng SW, Lee I, Su H, Liu S, Reichman DR, Delor M. Ultrafast imaging of polariton propagation and interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3881. [PMID: 37391396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor excitations can hybridize with cavity photons to form exciton-polaritons (EPs) with remarkable properties, including light-like energy flow combined with matter-like interactions. To fully harness these properties, EPs must retain ballistic, coherent transport despite matter-mediated interactions with lattice phonons. Here we develop a nonlinear momentum-resolved optical approach that directly images EPs in real space on femtosecond scales in a range of polaritonic architectures. We focus our analysis on EP propagation in layered halide perovskite microcavities. We reveal that EP-phonon interactions lead to a large renormalization of EP velocities at high excitonic fractions at room temperature. Despite these strong EP-phonon interactions, ballistic transport is maintained for up to half-exciton EPs, in agreement with quantum simulations of dynamic disorder shielding through light-matter hybridization. Above 50% excitonic character, rapid decoherence leads to diffusive transport. Our work provides a general framework to precisely balance EP coherence, velocity, and nonlinear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - James M Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Shan-Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Inki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Haowen Su
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US.
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US.
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Mrejen M, Yadgarov L, Levanon A, Suchowski H. Transient exciton-polariton dynamics in WSe 2 by ultrafast near-field imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaat9618. [PMID: 30746484 PMCID: PMC6358311 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) materials offer an exciting platform for strong light-matter interaction enabled by their polaritonic modes and the associated deep subwavelength light confinement. Semiconductor vdW materials such as WSe2 are of particular interest for photonic and quantum integrated technologies because they sustain visible-near-infrared (VIS-NIR) exciton-polariton (EP) modes at room temperature. Here, we develop a unique spatiotemporal imaging technique at the femtosecond-nanometric scale and observe the EP dynamics in WSe2 waveguides. Our method, based on a novel ultrafast broadband intrapulse pump-probe near-field imaging, allows direct visualization of EP formation and propagation in WSe2 showing, at room temperature, ultraslow EP with a group velocity of v g ~ 0.017c. Our imaging method paves the way for in situ ultrafast coherent control and extreme spatiotemporal imaging of condensed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mrejen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - L. Yadgarov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A. Levanon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - H. Suchowski
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Chen M, Chang YC, Hsieh WF. Finite-difference time-domain analysis for the dynamics and diffraction of exciton-polaritons. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2015; 32:1870-1875. [PMID: 26479940 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.32.001870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We adopted a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme to simulate the dynamics and diffraction of exciton-polaritons, governed by the coupling of polarization waves with electromagnetic waves. The polarization wave, an approximate solution to the Schrödinger's equation at low frequencies, essentially captures the exciton behavior. Numerical stability of the scheme is analyzed and simple examples are provided to prove its validity. The system considered is both temporally and spatially dispersive, for which the FDTD analysis has attracted less attention in the literature. Here, we demonstrate that the FDTD scheme could be useful for studying the optical response of the exciton-polariton and its dynamics. The diffraction of a polariton wave from a polaritonic grating is also considered, and many sharp resonances are found, which manifest the interference effect of polariton waves. This illustrates that the measurement of transmittance or reflectance near polariton resonance can reveal subwavelength features in semiconductors, which are sensitive to polariton scattering.
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Satanin AM, Joe YS, Kim CS, Vasilevskiy MI. Localization of phonon polaritons in disordered polar media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 72:066618. [PMID: 16486089 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.066618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The localization of the hybrid modes of phonons and photons in polar matter is investigated in the presence of random scatterers theoretically. We employ the self-consistent generalized Born-Huang approach to derive effective equations describing the phonon-polariton fields. Based on these equations, the density of states and various localization properties are exploited in two-dimensional systems both analytically and numerically within the framework of the Anderson model with a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian. Consequently, it is shown that the disorder effect brings some intriguing features which include the appearance of the localized states in the polariton bottleneck in the energy spectrum and the collapse of the energy gap. In addition, an analysis is given of the polariton level-spacing distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady M Satanin
- Center for Computational Nanoscience, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA.
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Ivanov AL, Hasuo M, Nagasawa N, Haug H. Two-photon generation of excitonic molecules in CuCl: An exactly solvable bipolariton model and high-precision experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:11017-11033. [PMID: 9980200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Optical Transitions, Excitons, and Polaritons in Bulk and Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures. CONFINED ELECTRONS AND PHOTONS 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1963-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Jorda S. Quantum theory of the interaction of quantum-well excitons with electromagnetic waveguide modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:2283-2292. [PMID: 9976445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Ivanov AL, Haug H. Self-consistent theory of the biexciton optical nonlinearity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:1490-1504. [PMID: 10008509 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lipp MJ, Blechschmidt J, Daniels WB. Variation of self-energy and exciton-phonon coupling in KI and RbI with pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:687-694. [PMID: 10007925 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Capozzi V, Pavesi L, Staehli JL. Exciton-carrier scattering in gallium selenide. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:6340-6349. [PMID: 10004597 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Dubovsky O, Mukamel S. Exciton coherence‐size and phonon‐mediated optical nonlinearities in restricted geometries. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lavigne B, Cox RT. Polariton-impurity interactions and photoconductivity in CdTe studied by cyclotron-resonance-excitation spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:12374-12387. [PMID: 9997034 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Wang BS, Birman JL. Theory of phonoritons and experiments to determine phonoriton dispersion and spectrum. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:9609-9621. [PMID: 9995202 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.9609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kuklinski JR, Mukamel S. Optical properties of Wannier excitons in the linear and weakly nonlinear regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 42:2959-2976. [PMID: 9995788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Knoester J, Mukamel S. Polaritons and retarded interactions in nonlinear optical susceptibilities. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Knoester J, Mukamel S. Nonlinear optics using the multipolar Hamiltonian: The Bloch-Maxwell equations and local fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1989; 39:1899-1914. [PMID: 9901445 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.39.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Nonlinear spectroscopy, scattering and excitation trapping of exciton-polaritons in naphthalene and doped naphthalene crystals. Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(88)85068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Steiner T, Thewalt ML, Koteles ES, Salerno JP. Effect of neutral donor scattering on the time-dependent exciton-polariton photoluminescence line shape in GaAs. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1986; 34:1006-1013. [PMID: 9939715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.34.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Feigenblatt RI. Effective-mass theory of resonant Raman scattering by semiconductor donors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1985; 32:8092-8099. [PMID: 9936987 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.32.8092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Stevenson S, Small G. The temperature dependence of coherent two-photon processes in naphthalene in the strong exciton-photon coupling regime. Chem Phys Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(83)80282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Morris G, Sceats M. Exciton dynamics in molecular crystals from line shape analysis. Spectral moment analysis of the origin region of the 4000 Å transition of crystal anthracene. Chem Phys 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(74)87004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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