1
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Ghosh S, Pandey G, Tiwari AK. Efficient Control of Electron Localization and Probability Modulation with Synthesized Two-Color Intense Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39058686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
A coupled electron-nuclear dynamical study at attosecond time scale is performed on the HD+ and H2+ molecular ions under the influence of synthesized intense two-color electric fields. We have employed ω - 2ω and also, ω - 3ω two-color fields in the infrared/mid-infrared regime to study the different fragmentation processes originating from the interference of n - (n + i) (i = 1, 2) photon absorption pathways. The branching ratios corresponding to different photofragments are controlled by tuning the relative phase as well as intensity of the two-color pulses, while the effect of the initial nuclear wave function is also studied by taking an individual vibrational eigenstate or a coherent superposition of several eigenstates of HD+ and H2+. By comprehensive analysis, the efficacy of the two different types of synthesized two-color pulses (ω - 2ω and ω - 3ω) are analyzed with respect to one-color intense pulses in terms of controlling the probability modulation and electron localization asymmetry and compared with previous theoretical calculations and experimental findings. Through the detailed investigation, we have addressed which one is the major controlling knob to have better electron localization as well as probability modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
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2
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Vigneau JN, Nguyen Dang TT, Charron E. Electro-Nuclear Dynamics of Single and Double Ionization of H 2 in Ultrafast Intense Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1375-1384. [PMID: 38348852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We present an efficient method for modeling the single and double ionization dynamics of the H2 molecule in ultrashort, intense laser fields. This method is based on a semianalytical approach to calculate the time-dependent single and double molecular ionization rates and on a numerical approach to describe the vibrational motion that takes place in the intermediate molecular ion H2+. This model allows for the prediction of the single and double ionization probabilities of the H2 molecule to be made over a wide range of frequencies and laser intensities with limited computational time while providing a realistic estimate of the energy of the products of the dissociative ionization and of the Coulomb explosion of the H2 molecule. The effect of vibrational dynamics on ionization yields and proton kinetic energy release spectra is demonstrated and, in the case of the latter, is discussed in terms of basic strong-field molecular fragmentation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Nicolas Vigneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Département de chimie, COPL, Université Laval, 1045 av. de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thanh-Tung Nguyen Dang
- Département de chimie, COPL, Université Laval, 1045 av. de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eric Charron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
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3
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Pan S, Hu C, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Lu C, Lu P, Ni H, Wu J, He F. Rabi oscillations in a stretching molecule. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:35. [PMID: 36732490 PMCID: PMC9894931 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Rabi oscillation is an elementary laser-driven physical process in atoms and artificial atoms from solid-state systems, while it is rarely demonstrated in molecules. Here, we investigate the bond-length-dependent Rabi oscillations with varying Rabi frequencies in strong-laser-field dissociation of H2+. The coupling of the bond stretching and Rabi oscillations makes the nuclei gain different kinetic energies while the electron is alternatively absorbing and emitting photons. The resulting proton kinetic energy spectra show rich structures beyond the prediction of the Floquet theorem and the well-accepted resonant one-photon dissociation pathway. Our study shows that the laser-driven Rabi oscillations accompanied by nuclear motions are essential to understanding the bond-breaking mechanism and provide a time-resolved perspective to manipulate rich dynamics of the strong-laser-field dissociation of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhaohan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lianrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chenxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401121, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai, 201800, China.
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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4
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Forward-backward electron–proton asymmetry from a two-photon crossing of diabatic states of H 2+ in linearly polarized intense laser field. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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5
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Cattaneo L, Pedrelli L, Bello RY, Palacios A, Keathley PD, Martín F, Keller U. Isolating Attosecond Electron Dynamics in Molecules where Nuclei Move Fast. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:063001. [PMID: 35213184 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Capturing electronic dynamics in real time has been the ultimate goal of attosecond science since its beginning. While for atomic targets the existing measurement techniques have been thoroughly validated, in molecules there are open questions due to the inevitable copresence of moving nuclei, which are not always mere spectators of the phototriggered electron dynamics. Previous work has shown that not only can nuclear motion affect the way electrons move in a molecule, but it can also lead to contradictory interpretations depending on the chosen experimental approach. In this Letter we investigate how nuclear motion affects and eventually distorts the electronic dynamics measured by using two of the most popular attosecond techniques, reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions and attosecond streaking. Both methods are employed, in combination with ab initio theoretical calculations, to retrieve photoionization delays in the dissociative ionization of H_{2}, H_{2}→H^{+}+H+e^{-}, in the region of the Q_{1} series of autoionizing states, where nuclear motion plays a prominent role. We find that the experimental reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions results are very sensitive to bond softening around the Q_{1} threshold (27.8 eV), even at relatively low infrared (IR) intensity (I_{0}∼1.4×10^{11} W/cm^{2}), due to the long duration of the probe pulse that is inherent to this technique. Streaking, on the other hand, seems to be a better choice to isolate attosecond electron dynamics, since shorter pulses can be used, thus reducing the role of bond softening. This conclusion is supported by very good agreement between our streaking measurements and the results of accurate theoretical calculations. Additionally, the streaking technique offers the necessary energy resolution to accurately retrieve the fast-oscillating phase of the photoionization matrix elements, an essential requirement for extending this technique to even more complicated molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cattaneo
- Physics Department, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Pedrelli
- Physics Department, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Y Bello
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California 94720, USA
| | - Alicia Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Phillip D Keathley
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ursula Keller
- Physics Department, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Carrasco S, Rogan J, Valdivia JA, Chang BY, Malinovsky VS, Sola IR. Circularly polarized light-induced potentials and the demise of excited states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2966-2973. [PMID: 35043129 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04523g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of strong electric fields, the excited states of single-electron molecules and molecules with large transient dipoles become unstable because of anti-alignment, the rotation of the molecular axis perpendicular to the field vector, where bond hardening is not possible. We show how to overcome this problem by using circularly polarized electromagnetic fields. Using a full quantum description of the electronic, vibrational, and rotational degrees of freedom, we characterize the excited electronic state dressed by the field and analyze its dependence on the bond length and angle and the stability of its vibro-rotational eigenstates. Although the dynamics is metastable, most of the population remains trapped in this excited state for hundreds of femtoseconds, allowing quantum control. Contrary to what happens with linearly polarized fields, the photodissociation occurs along the initial molecular axis, not perpendicular to it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Rogan
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago 7800024, Chile.,Centro Para la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnolgía, CEDENNA, Chile
| | - Juan Alejandro Valdivia
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago 7800024, Chile.,Centro Para la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnolgía, CEDENNA, Chile
| | - Bo Y Chang
- School of Chemistry(RIBS), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ignacio R Sola
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Daud MN. Ultrafast quantum imaging in the dissociation of H2+ via the induced conical intersection of two lowest adiabatic states by strong field laser pulses. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Carrasco S, Rogan J, Valdivia JA, Sola IR. Anti-alignment driven dynamics in the excited states of molecules under strong fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1936-1942. [PMID: 33459314 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05692h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We develop two novel models of the H2+ molecule and its isotopes from which we assess quantum-mechanically and semi-classically whether the molecule anti-aligns with the field in the first excited electronic state. The results from both models allow us to predict anti-alignment dynamics even for the HD+ isotope, which possesses a permanent dipole moment. The molecule dissociates at angles perpendicular to the field polarization in both the excited and the ground electronic state, as the population is exchanged through a conical intersection. The quantum mechanical dispersion of the initial state is sufficient to cause full dissociation. We conclude that the stabilization of these molecules in the excited state through bond-hardening under a strong field is highly unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Carrasco
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, 7800024, Santiago, Chile.
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9
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Mi Y, Peng P, Camus N, Sun X, Fross P, Martinez D, Dube Z, Corkum PB, Villeneuve DM, Staudte A, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T. Clocking Enhanced Ionization of Hydrogen Molecules with Rotational Wave Packets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:173201. [PMID: 33156666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced rotational wave packets of H_{2} and D_{2} molecules were experimentally measured in real time by using two sequential 25-fs laser pulses and a reaction microscope. By measuring the time-dependent yields of the above-threshold dissociation and the enhanced ionization of the molecule, we observed a few-femtosecond time delay between the two dissociation channels for both H_{2} and D_{2}. The delay was interpreted and reproduced by a classical model that considers enhanced ionization and thus additional interaction within the laser pulse. We demonstrate that by accurately measuring the phase of the rotational wave packet in hydrogen molecules we can resolve dissociation dynamics which is occurring within a fraction of a molecular rotation. Such a rotational clock is a general concept applicable to sequential fragmentation processes in other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Mi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Peng Peng
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Camus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xufei Sun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Fross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denhi Martinez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zack Dube
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - P B Corkum
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - D M Villeneuve
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - André Staudte
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Kangaparambil S, Hanus V, Dorner-Kirchner M, He P, Larimian S, Paulus G, Baltuška A, Xie X, Yamanouchi K, He F, Lötstedt E, Kitzler-Zeiler M. Generalized Phase Sensitivity of Directional Bond Breaking in the Laser-Molecule Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:023202. [PMID: 32701337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.023202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We establish a generalized picture of the phase sensitivity of laser-induced directional bond breaking using the H_{2} molecule as the example. We show that the well-known proton ejection anisotropy measured with few-cycle pulses as a function of their carrier-envelope phases arises as an amplitude modulation of an intrinsic anisotropy that is sensitive to the laser phase at the ionization time and determined by the molecule's electronic structure. Our work furthermore reveals a strong electron-proton correlation that may open up a new approach to experimentally accessing the laser-sub-cycle intramolecular electron dynamics also in larger molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Václav Hanus
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peilun He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Gerhard Paulus
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaoru Yamanouchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erik Lötstedt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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11
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Kübel M, Spanner M, Dube Z, Naumov AY, Chelkowski S, Bandrauk AD, Vrakking MJJ, Corkum PB, Villeneuve DM, Staudte A. Probing multiphoton light-induced molecular potentials. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2596. [PMID: 32444632 PMCID: PMC7244592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong coupling between intense laser fields and valence electrons in molecules causes distortions of the potential energy hypersurfaces which determine the motion of the nuclei and influence possible reaction pathways. The coupling strength varies with the angle between the light electric field and valence orbital, and thereby adds another dimension to the effective molecular potential energy surface, leading to the emergence of light-induced conical intersections. Here, we demonstrate that multiphoton couplings can give rise to complex light-induced potential energy surfaces that govern molecular behavior. In the laser-induced dissociation of H2+, the simplest of molecules, we measure a strongly modulated angular distribution of protons which has escaped prior observation. Using two-color Floquet theory, we show that the modulations result from ultrafast dynamics on light-induced molecular potentials. These potentials are shaped by the amplitude, duration and phase of the dressing fields, allowing for manipulating the dissociation dynamics of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kübel
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - M Spanner
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Z Dube
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - A Yu Naumov
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - S Chelkowski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théoretique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - A D Bandrauk
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théoretique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - M J J Vrakking
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - P B Corkum
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - D M Villeneuve
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - A Staudte
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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12
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Suaza Y, Fulla M, Laroze D, Baghramyan H, Marin J. Intense laser field effect on D2+ molecular complex localized in semiconductor quantum wells. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Liu X, Amini K, Steinle T, Sanchez A, Shaikh M, Belsa B, Steinmetzer J, Le AT, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Ullrich J, Moszynski R, Lin CD, Gräfe S, Biegert J. Imaging an isolated water molecule using a single electron wave packet. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:024306. [PMID: 31301712 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Observing changes in molecular structure requires atomic-scale Ångstrom and femtosecond spatio-temporal resolution. We use the Fourier transform (FT) variant of laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED), FT-LIED, to directly retrieve the molecular structure of H2O+ with picometer and femtosecond resolution without a priori knowledge of the molecular structure nor the use of retrieval algorithms or ab initio calculations. We identify a symmetrically stretched H2O+ field-dressed structure that is most likely in the ground electronic state. We subsequently study the nuclear response of an isolated water molecule to an external laser field at four different field strengths. We show that upon increasing the laser field strength from 2.5 to 3.8 V/Å, the O-H bond is further stretched and the molecule slightly bends. The observed ultrafast structural changes lead to an increase in the dipole moment of water and, in turn, a stronger dipole interaction between the nuclear framework of the molecule and the intense laser field. Our results provide important insights into the coupling of the nuclear framework to a laser field as the molecular geometry of H2O+ is altered in the presence of an external field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Liu
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kasra Amini
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias Steinle
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelien Sanchez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Moniruzzaman Shaikh
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Belsa
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes Steinmetzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anh-Thu Le
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Moszynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C D Lin
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Biegert
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Szidarovszky T, Halász GJ, Császár AG, Cederbaum LS, Vibók Á. Conical Intersections Induced by Quantum Light: Field-Dressed Spectra from the Weak to the Ultrastrong Coupling Regimes. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6215-6223. [PMID: 30296095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In classical laser fields with frequencies resonant with the electronic excitation in molecules, it is by now known that conical intersections are induced by the field and are called light-induced conical intersections (LICIs). As optical cavities have become accessible, the question arises whether their quantized modes could also lead to the appearance of LICIs. A theoretical framework is formulated for the investigation of LICIs of diatomics in such quantum light. The eigenvalue spectrum of the dressed states in the cavity is studied, putting particular emphasis on the investigation of absorption spectra of the Na2 molecule, that is, on the transitions between dressed states, measured by employing a weak probe pulse. The dependence of the spectra on the light-matter coupling strength in the cavity and on the frequency of the cavity mode is studied in detail. The computations demonstrate strong nonadiabatic effects caused by the appearing LICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Szidarovszky
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry , ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical System Research Group , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor J Halász
- Department of Information Technology , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Attila G Császár
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry , ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical System Research Group , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd. , Dugonics tér 13 , H-6720 Szeged , Hungary
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15
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Ando T, Iwasaki A, Yamanouchi K. Strong-Field Fourier Transform Vibrational Spectroscopy of D_{2}^{+} Using Few-Cycle Near-Infrared Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:263002. [PMID: 30004753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.263002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The photoionization of D_{2} and dissociation of the resultant D_{2}^{+} are monitored by pump-probe measurements using intense near-infrared few-cycle laser pulses. The yields of D_{2}^{+} and D^{+} recorded up to the pump-probe delay time of 527 ps exhibit oscillatory structures reflecting the motion of the created vibrational wave packet of D_{2}^{+}, and the Fourier transform of the data in time domain reveals the vibrational level separations with uncertainties of 0.0002-0.0097 cm^{-1}, showing a potential application of the strong-field pump-probe measurements to high-resolution spectroscopy of molecular ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Ando
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamanouchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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16
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Szidarovszky T, Halász GJ, Császár AG, Cederbaum LS, Vibók Á. Direct Signatures of Light-Induced Conical Intersections on the Field-Dressed Spectrum of Na 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2739-2745. [PMID: 29733212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rovibronic spectra of the field-dressed homonuclear diatomic Na2 molecule are investigated to identify direct signatures of the light-induced conical intersection (LICI) on the spectrum. The theoretical framework formulated allows the computation of the (1) field-dressed rovibronic states induced by a medium-intensity continuous-wave laser light and the (2) transition amplitudes between these field-dressed states with respect to an additional weak probe pulse. The field-dressed spectrum features absorption peaks resembling the field-free spectrum as well as stimulated emission peaks corresponding to transitions not visible in the field-free case. By investigating the dependence of the field-dressed spectra on the dressing-field wavelength, in both full- and reduced-dimensional simulations, direct signatures of the LICI can be identified. These signatures include (1) the appearance of new peaks and the splitting of peaks for both absorption and stimulated emission and (2) the manifestation of an intensity-borrowing effect in the field-dressed spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Szidarovszky
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Eötvös Loránd University , P.O. Box 32 , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor J Halász
- Department of Information Technology , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Attila G Császár
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Eötvös Loránd University , P.O. Box 32 , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
- ELI-ALPS , ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd. , Dugonics tér 13 , H-6720 Szeged , Hungary
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17
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Gu X, Zhang Y, Su H. Insight into the role of UV-irradiation in photothermal catalytic Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over TiO2 nanotube-supported cobalt nanoparticles. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To explore an efficient catalytic system with high activity and selectivity is the key to improve Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) technology and the main focus in the academic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Coal Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Coal Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- China
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Coal Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Coal Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- China
| | - Haiquan Su
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Coal Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- China
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18
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19
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Jochim B, Siemering R, Zohrabi M, Voznyuk O, Mahowald JB, Schmitz DG, Betsch KJ, Berry B, Severt T, Kling NG, Burwitz TG, Carnes KD, Kling MF, Ben-Itzhak I, Wells E, de Vivie-Riedle R. The importance of Rydberg orbitals in dissociative ionization of small hydrocarbon molecules in intense laser fields. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4441. [PMID: 28667335 PMCID: PMC5493692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of our intuition about strong-field processes is built upon studies of diatomic molecules, which typically have electronic states that are relatively well separated in energy. In polyatomic molecules, however, the electronic states are closer together, leading to more complex interactions. A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of strong-field ionization followed by hydrogen elimination in the hydrocarbon series C2D2, C2D4 and C2D6 reveals that the photofragment angular distributions can only be understood when the field-dressed orbitals rather than the field-free orbitals are considered. Our measured angular distributions and intensity dependence show that these field-dressed orbitals can have strong Rydberg character for certain orientations of the molecule relative to the laser polarization and that they may contribute significantly to the hydrogen elimination dissociative ionization yield. These findings suggest that Rydberg contributions to field-dressed orbitals should be routinely considered when studying polyatomic molecules in intense laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Jochim
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - R Siemering
- Department für Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandt-Strasse 11, D-81377, München, Germany
| | - M Zohrabi
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - O Voznyuk
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - J B Mahowald
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - D G Schmitz
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - K J Betsch
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ben Berry
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - T Severt
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Nora G Kling
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - T G Burwitz
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - K D Carnes
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - M F Kling
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - E Wells
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA.
| | - R de Vivie-Riedle
- Department für Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandt-Strasse 11, D-81377, München, Germany.
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20
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Tóth A, Borbély S, Kiss GZ, Halász GJ, Vibók Á. Toward the Full Quantum Dynamical Description of Photon Induced Processes in D 2. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9411-9421. [PMID: 27934332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dissociative ionization (multiphoton regime) of the D2+ ion by ultrashort laser pulses has been studied theoretically using ab initio calculations. The combined ionization and dissociation spectrum was explored for fixed molecular axis orientations. In accordance with previous investigations, the dominant features in the obtained joint energy spectrum were multiphoton peaks. In addition to this, in the present work, photoelectron angular distributions were analyzed as well. By performing a partial wave analysis for each multiphoton peak, we have identified the number of absorbed photons. Moreover, we also found that the angular distribution can significantly change inside a multiphoton peak as a function of electron and nuclear kinetic energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tóth
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen , PO Box 5, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - S Borbély
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University , Kogălniceanu Street 1, 400084 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - G Zs Kiss
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University , Kogălniceanu Street 1, 400084 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - G J Halász
- Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen , PO Box 12, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Á Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen , PO Box 5, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.,ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd , Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Badankó P, Halász GJ, Vibók Á. Molecular vibrational trapping revisited: a case study with D2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31871. [PMID: 27550642 PMCID: PMC4994031 DOI: 10.1038/srep31871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present theoretical study is concerned with the vibrational trapping or bond hardening, which is a well-known phenomenon predicted by a dressed state representation of small molecules like and in an intense laser field. This phenomenon is associated with a condition where the energy of the light induced, vibrational level coincides with one of the vibrational levels on the field-free potential curve, which at the same time maximizes the wave function overlap between these two levels. One-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to investigate this phenomenon in a more quantitative way than has been done previously by calculating the photodissociation probability of for a wide range of photon energy. The obtained results undoubtedly show that the nodal structure of the field-free vibrational wave functions plays a decisive role in the vibrational trapping, in addition to the current understanding of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Badankó
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, PO Box 5, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Halász
- Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, PO Box 12, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, PO Box 5, H-4010, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd, Dugonics ter 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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22
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Wang X, Xu H, Atia-Tul-Noor A, Hu BT, Kielpinski D, Sang RT, Litvinyuk IV. Isotope Effect in Tunneling Ionization of Neutral Hydrogen Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:083003. [PMID: 27588855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.083003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently predicted theoretically that due to nuclear motion light and heavy hydrogen molecules exposed to strong electric field should exhibit substantially different tunneling ionization rates [O. I. Tolstikhin, H. J. Worner, and T. Morishita, Phys. Rev. A 87, 041401(R) (2013)]. We studied that isotope effect experimentally by measuring relative ionization yields for each species in a mixed H_{2}/D_{2} gas jet interacting with intense femtosecond laser pulses. In a reaction microscope apparatus, we detected ionic fragments from all contributing channels (single ionization, dissociation, and sequential double ionization) and determined the ratio of total single ionization yields for H_{2} and D_{2}. The measured ratio agrees quantitatively with the prediction of the generalized weak-field asymptotic theory in an apparent failure of the frozen-nuclei approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H Xu
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - A Atia-Tul-Noor
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - B T Hu
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - D Kielpinski
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - R T Sang
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - I V Litvinyuk
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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23
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Natan A, Ware MR, Prabhudesai VS, Lev U, Bruner BD, Heber O, Bucksbaum PH. Observation of Quantum Interferences via Light-Induced Conical Intersections in Diatomic Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:143004. [PMID: 27104704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.143004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We observe energy-dependent angle-resolved diffraction patterns in protons from strong-field dissociation of the molecular hydrogen ion H_{2}^{+}. The interference is a characteristic of dissociation around a laser-induced conical intersection (LICI), which is a point of contact between two surfaces in the dressed two-dimensional Born-Oppenheimer potential energy landscape of a diatomic molecule in a strong laser field. The interference magnitude and angular period depend strongly on the energy difference between the initial state and the LICI, consistent with coherent diffraction around a cone-shaped potential barrier whose width and thickness depend on the relative energy of the initial state and the cone apex. These findings are supported by numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for similar experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthew R Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Vaibhav S Prabhudesai
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Uri Lev
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Barry D Bruner
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Heber
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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24
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Csehi A, Halász GJ, Cederbaum LS, Vibók Á. Tracking the photodissociation probability of D2+ induced by linearly chirped laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:074309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Halász GJ, Csehi A, Vibók Á. Photodissociation dynamics of the $$\hbox {D}_{2}^{+}$$ D 2 + ion initiated by several different laser pulses. Theor Chem Acc 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Csehi A, Halász GJ, Cederbaum LS, Vibók Á. Photodissociation of D2+ induced by linearly chirped laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:014305. [PMID: 26156481 DOI: 10.1063/1.4923441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- András Csehi
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 5, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor J Halász
- Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalish-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, H-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 5, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
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27
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Halász GJ, Vibók Á, Cederbaum LS. Direct Signature of Light-Induced Conical Intersections in Diatomics. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:348-54. [PMID: 26261946 DOI: 10.1021/jz502468d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic effects are ubiquitous in physics, chemistry, and biology. They are strongly amplified by conical intersections (CIs), which are degeneracies between electronic states of triatomic or larger molecules. A few years ago it was revealed that CIs in molecular systems can be formed by laser light, even in diatomics. Because of the prevailing strong nonadiabatic couplings, the existence of such laser-induced conical intersections (LICIs) may considerably change the dynamical behavior of molecular systems. By analyzing the photodissociation process of the D2+ molecule carefully, we found a robust effect in the angular distribution of the photofragments that serves as a direct signature of the LICI, providing undoubted evidence of its existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Halász
- †Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Á Vibók
- ‡Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 5, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - L S Cederbaum
- §Theoretische Chemie, Physikalish-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Nguyen-Dang TT, Couture-Bienvenue É, Viau-Trudel J, Sainjon A. Time-dependent quantum chemistry of laser driven many-electron molecules. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:244116. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4904102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amaury Sainjon
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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29
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Halász GJ, Csehi A, Vibók Á, Cederbaum LS. Influence of Light-Induced Conical Intersection on the Photodissociation Dynamics of D2+ Starting from Individual Vibrational Levels. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11908-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp504889e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor J. Halász
- Department
of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Csehi
- Department
of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 5, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department
of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 5, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lorenz S. Cederbaum
- Theoretische
Chemie, Physikalish-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, H-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Menshova YV, Yurova IY. Predissociation and the vibrational spectrum of molecular oxygen in an intense laser field. A Schumann-Runge band interval. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793114010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Wu J, Kunitski M, Pitzer M, Trinter F, Schmidt LPH, Jahnke T, Magrakvelidze M, Madsen CB, Madsen LB, Thumm U, Dörner R. Electron-nuclear energy sharing in above-threshold multiphoton dissociative ionization of H2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:023002. [PMID: 23889391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental observation of the energy sharing between electron and nuclei in above-threshold multiphoton dissociative ionization of H2 by strong laser fields. The absorbed photon energy is shared between the ejected electron and nuclei in a correlated fashion, resulting in multiple diagonal lines in their joint energy spectrum governed by the energy conservation of all fragment particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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32
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Halász GJ, Vibók Á, Meyer HD, Cederbaum LS. Effect of Light-Induced Conical Intersection on the Photodissociation Dynamics of the D2+ Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8528-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401476q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor J. Halász
- Department of Information
Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Hungary
- Theoretische
Chemie, Physikalish-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, H-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical
Physics, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, P.O. Box 5, Hungary
- Theoretische
Chemie, Physikalish-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, H-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Meyer
- Theoretische
Chemie, Physikalish-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, H-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S. Cederbaum
- Theoretische
Chemie, Physikalish-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, H-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Kling MF, von den Hoff P, Znakovskaya I, de Vivie-Riedle R. (Sub-)femtosecond control of molecular reactions via tailoring the electric field of light. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9448-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50591j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Zhang M, Wang MS, Xiong DL, Ma N. The influence of femtosecond laser parameters on the wavepacket and population of the diabatic excited states of NaLi. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.701768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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36
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Golubkov GV. Elementary processes involving Rydberg atoms and molecules in an intense laser radiation field. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793111060078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Bionta MR, Lemke HT, Cryan JP, Glownia JM, Bostedt C, Cammarata M, Castagna JC, Ding Y, Fritz DM, Fry AR, Krzywinski J, Messerschmidt M, Schorb S, Swiggers ML, Coffee RN. Spectral encoding of x-ray/optical relative delay. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:21855-65. [PMID: 22109037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.021855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a new technique for measuring the relative delay between a soft x-ray FEL pulse and an optical laser that indicates a sub 25 fs RMS measurement error. An ultra-short x-ray pulse photo-ionizes a semiconductor (Si(3)N(4)) membrane and changes the optical transmission. An optical continuum pulse with a temporally chirped bandwidth spanning 630 nm-710 nm interacts with the membrane such that the timing of the x-ray pulse can be determined from the onset of the spectral modulation of the transmitted optical pulse. This experiment demonstrates a nearly in situ single-shot measurement of the x-ray pulse arrival time relative to the ultra-short optical pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina R Bionta
- The Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Townsend
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Benjamin J. Sussman
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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39
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Sarkar C, Bhattacharyya SS, Saha S. A time-independent Hermitian Floquet approach for high harmonic generation in H(2)+ and HD+: effect of nonadiabatic interaction in HD+. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:234314. [PMID: 20572712 DOI: 10.1063/1.3448636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have theoretically investigated the high harmonic generation (HHG) in H(2)(+) and HD(+) using a time-independent Hermitian nonperturbative three-dimensional Floquet approach for continuous wave monochromatic lasers of intensities of 2.59x10(13), 4.0x10(13), and 5.6x10(13) W/cm(2), and wavelengths of 1064, 532, and 355 nm. For the moderate intensities and the wavelengths used, the Keldysh parameter gamma > 1 and no tunnel ionization occurs. We have endeavored to explain the dynamics of HHG in H(2)(+) and HD(+) within the framework of transitions due to electronic as well as intrinsic (for HD(+)) dipole moments and the nuclear motion on the field coupled ground and the first excited electronic states of these single-electron molecular ions, without considering any ionization. To evaluate the HHG spectra, the resonance Floquet quasienergy and the Fourier components of the Floquet state corresponding to the initial vibrational-rotational level v = 0, J = 0 have been calculated by solving the time-independent close-coupled Schrödinger equation following the Floquet ansatz. For HD(+), we have taken into account the symmetry breaking effect of the nonadiabatic interaction or coupling [beyond the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) dynamics] in our calculations of the HHG spectra and have compared the results with the HHG spectra of HD(+) obtained with the BO approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitrakshya Sarkar
- Department of Materials Science, Atomic and Molecular Physics Section, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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40
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Atabek O, Lefebvre R, Nguyen-Dang T. Unstable States in Laser Assisted and Controlled Molecular Processes. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(10)60002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Ray D, He F, De S, Cao W, Mashiko H, Ranitovic P, Singh KP, Znakovskaya I, Thumm U, Paulus GG, Kling MF, Litvinyuk IV, Cocke CL. Ion-energy dependence of asymmetric dissociation of D2 by a two-color laser field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:223201. [PMID: 20366092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-color (800 and 400 nm) short (45 fs) linearly polarized pulses are used to ionize and dissociate D2 into a neutral deuterium atom and a deuteron. The yields and energies of the ions are measured left and right along the polarization vector. As the relative phase of the two colors is varied, strong yield asymmetries are found in the ion-energy regions traditionally identified as bond softening, above-threshold dissociation and rescattering. The asymmetries in these regions are quite different. A model based on the dynamic coupling by the laser field of the gerade and ungerade states in the molecular ion accounts for many of the observed features.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ray
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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42
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Hori M, Hayano RS, Fukuta M, Koyama T, Nobusue H, Tanaka J. Large-area imager of hydrogen leaks in fuel cells using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:103104. [PMID: 19895051 DOI: 10.1063/1.3244089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We constructed a simple device, which utilized laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to image H2 gas leaking from the surfaces of hydrogen fuel cells to ambient air. Nanosecond laser pulses of wavelength lambda=532 nm emitted from a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser were first compressed to a pulse length Deltat<1 ns using a stimulated Brillouin backscattering cell. Relay-imaging optics then focused this beam onto the H(2) leak and initiated the breakdown plasma. The Balmer-alpha (H-alpha) emission that emerged from this was collected with a 2-m-long macrolens assembly with a 90-mm-diameter image area, which covered a solid angle of approximately 1 x 10(-3)pi steradians seen from the plasma. The H-alpha light was isolated by two 100-mm-diameter interference filters with a 2 nm bandpass, and imaged by a thermoelectrically cooled charge-coupled device camera. By scanning the position of the laser focus, the spatial distribution of H2 gas over a 90-mm-diameter area was photographed with a spatial resolution of < or = 5 mm. Photoionization of the water vapor in the air caused a strong H-alpha background. By using pure N2 as a buffer gas, H2 leaks with rates of <1 cc/min were imaged. We also studied the possibilities of detecting He, Ne, or Xe gas leaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hori
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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43
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Wu LA, Kurizki G, Brumer P. Master equation and control of an open quantum system with leakage. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:080405. [PMID: 19257726 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.080405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Given a multilevel system coupled to a bath, we use a Feshbach P, Q partitioning technique to derive an exact trace-nonpreserving master equation for a subspace S_{i} of the system. The resultant equation properly treats the leakage effect from S_{i} into the remainder of the system space. Focusing on a second-order approximation, we show that a one-dimensional master equation is sufficient to study problems of quantum state storage and is a good approximation, or exact, for several analytical models. It allows a natural definition of a leakage function and its control and provides a general approach to study and control decoherence and leakage. Numerical calculations on an harmonic oscillator coupled to a room temperature harmonic bath show that the leakage can be suppressed by the pulse control technique without requiring ideal pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Ao Wu
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control and Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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44
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Staudte A, Patchkovskii S, Pavicić D, Akagi H, Smirnova O, Zeidler D, Meckel M, Villeneuve DM, Dörner R, Ivanov MY, Corkum PB. Angular tunneling ionization probability of fixed-in-space H2 molecules in intense laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:033004. [PMID: 19257351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.033004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new approach to obtain molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions from molecules ionized by intense laser pulses. With our method we study the angular tunnel ionization probability of H2 at a wavelength of 800 nm over an intensity range of 2-4.5 x 10(14) W/cm2. We find an anisotropy that is stronger than predicted by any existing model. To explain the observed anisotropy and its strong intensity dependence we develop an analytical model in the framework of the strong-field approximation. It expresses molecular ionization as a product of atomic ionization rate and a Fourier transform of the highest occupied molecular orbital filtered by the strong-field ionization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Staudte
- National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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45
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McKenna J, Sayler AM, Anis F, Gaire B, Johnson NG, Parke E, Hua JJ, Mashiko H, Nakamura CM, Moon E, Chang Z, Carnes KD, Esry BD, Ben-Itzhak I. Enhancing high-order above-threshold dissociation of H2+ beams with few-cycle laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:133001. [PMID: 18517942 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-order (three-photon or more) above-threshold dissociation (ATD) of H(2)(+) has generally not been observed using 800 nm light. We demonstrate a strong enhancement of its probability using intense 7 fs laser pulses interacting with beams of H(2)(+), HD(+), and D(2)(+) ions. The mechanism invokes a dynamic control of the dissociation pathway. These measurements are supported by theory that additionally reveals, for the first time, an unexpectedly large contribution to ATD from highly excited electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McKenna
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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46
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Li X, Parker GA, Brumer P, Thanopulos I, Shapiro M. Theory of laser enhancement and suppression of cold reactions: The fermion-boson Li6+Li27↔ℏω0Li6Li7+Li7 radiative collision. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:124314. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2899666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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47
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Smith SM, Li X, Markevitch A, Romanov D, Levis RJ, Schlegel HB. Numerical simulation of nonadiabatic electron excitation in the strong-field regime. 3. Polyacene neutrals and cations. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:6920-32. [PMID: 17625807 DOI: 10.1021/jp070380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The electron optical response for a series of linear polyacenes and their molecular ions (mono and dications) in strong laser fields was studied using time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory. The interactions of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and tetracene with pulsed fields at a frequency of 1.55 eV and intensities of 8.77 x 10(13), 3.07 x 10(13), 1.23 x 10(13), and 2.75 x 10(12) W/cm2, respectively, were calculated using the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Nonadiabatic processes, including nonadiabatic time evolution of the dipole moment, Löwden charges, and occupation numbers, were studied. The nonadiabatic response increased with the length of the molecule and was greatest for the molecular monocations. The only exception was tetracene, in which the very strong response of the dication was due to a near resonance with the applied field. The intensity and frequency dependence of the dipole moment response for the monocations of naphthalene and anthracene was also calculated. As the intensity increased, the population of higher-energy excited-states increased, and as the frequency increased, the excitation volume increased in good agreement with the Dykhne approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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48
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Yagi K, Takatsuka K. Nonadiabatic chemical dynamics in an intense laser field: electronic wave packet coupled with classical nuclear motions. J Chem Phys 2007; 123:224103. [PMID: 16375466 DOI: 10.1063/1.2130335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics of molecules in an intense laser field is studied in terms of the quantum electronic wave packet coupled with classical nuclear motions. The equations of motion are derived taking a proper account of molecular interactions with the vector potential of a classical electromagnetic field, along with the nonadiabatic interaction due to the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. With the aid of electronic structure calculations, the present method enables us to track, in an ab initio manner, the dynamics of polyatomic molecules in an intense field. Preliminary calculations are carried out for the vibrational state of LiF and a collision of Li+F under an intense laser pulse, which are limited to the domain of no ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yagi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, 153-8902 Tokyo, Japan.
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49
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50
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Kong F, Luo Q, Xu H, Sharifi M, Song D, Chin SL. Explosive photodissociation of methane induced by ultrafast intense laser. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:133320. [PMID: 17029473 DOI: 10.1063/1.2204919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of molecular fragmentation induced by femtosecond intense laser at the intensity of 2 x 10(14) W/cm2 is reported. For the parent molecule of methane, ethylene, n-butane, and 1-butene, fluorescence from H (n = 3-->2), CH (A 2Delta, B 2Sigma-, and C 2Sigma+-->X 2Pi), or C2 (d 3Pi g-->a 3Pi u) is observed in the spectrum. It shows that the fragmentation is a universal property of neutral molecule in the intense laser field. Unlike breaking only one or two chemical bonds in conventional UV photodissociation, the fragmentation caused by the intense laser undergoes vigorous changes, breaking most of the bonds in the molecule, like an explosion. The fragments are neutral species and cannot be produced through Coulomb explosion of multiply charged ion. The laser power dependence of CH (A-->X) emission of methane on a log-log scale has a slope of 10 +/- 1. The fragmentation is thus explained as multiple channel dissociation of the superexcited state of parent molecule, which is created by multiphoton excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanao Kong
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China.
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