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Lyu X, Bai K, Xiao M. Routing light with different wavevectors using synthetic dimensions. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2024; 41:1122-1127. [PMID: 38856426 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.519506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic dimensions have drawn intense recent attention in investigating higher-dimensional topological physics and offering additional degrees of freedom for manipulating light. It has been demonstrated that synthetic dimensions can help to concentrate light with different frequencies at different locations. Here, we show that synthetic dimensions can also route light from different incident directions. Our system consists of an interface formed by two different photonic crystals. A synthetic dimension ξ is introduced by shifting the termination position of the photonic crystal on the right-hand side of the interface. We identify a correspondence between ξ and the interface state such that light incident from a specific direction can be collected. Thus, routing incident light from different directions is achieved by designing an interface with a proper distribution of ξ. Traditionally, this goal is achieved with a standard 4f optical system using a convex lens, and our approach offers the possibility for such a capability within a few lattice sites of photonic crystals. Such an approach reduces the size of the system, making it easier for integration. Our work provides, to our knowledge, a new direction for routing light with different momentums and possibly contributes to applications such as lidar.
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Baldelli N, Cabrera CR, Julià-Farré S, Aidelsburger M, Barbiero L. Frustrated Extended Bose-Hubbard Model and Deconfined Quantum Critical Points with Optical Lattices at the Antimagic Wavelength. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:153401. [PMID: 38682994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.153401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The study of geometrically frustrated many-body quantum systems is of central importance to uncover novel quantum mechanical effects. We design a scheme where ultracold bosons trapped in a one-dimensional state-dependent optical lattice are modeled by a frustrated Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. A derivation of the Hamiltonian parameters based on Cesium atoms, further show large tunability of contact and nearest-neighbor interactions. For pure contact repulsion, we discover the presence of two phases peculiar to frustrated quantum magnets: the bond-order-wave insulator with broken inversion symmetry and a chiral superfluid. When the nearest-neighbor repulsion becomes sizable, a further density-wave insulator with broken translational symmetry can appear. We show that the phase transition between the two spontaneously symmetry-broken phases is continuous, thus representing a one-dimensional deconfined quantum critical point not captured by the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson symmetry-breaking paradigm. Our results provide a solid ground to unveil the novel quantum physics induced by the interplay of nonlocal interactions, geometrical frustration, and quantum fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Baldelli
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Cesar R Cabrera
- Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergi Julià-Farré
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Monika Aidelsburger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Barbiero
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy
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Li Y, Du H, Wang Y, Liang J, Xiao L, Yi W, Ma J, Jia S. Observation of frustrated chiral dynamics in an interacting triangular flux ladder. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7560. [PMID: 37985772 PMCID: PMC10662351 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum matter interacting with gauge fields, an outstanding paradigm in modern physics, underlies the description of various physical systems. Engineering artificial gauge fields in ultracold atoms offers a highly controllable access to the exotic many-body phenomena in these systems, and has stimulated intense interest. Here we implement a triangular flux ladder in the momentum space of ultracold 133Cs atoms, and study the chiral dynamics under tunable interactions. Through measurements of the site-resolved density evolutions, we reveal how the competition between interaction and flux in the frustrated triangular geometry gives rise to flux-dependent localization and biased chiral dynamics. For the latter in particular, the symmetry between the two legs is dynamically broken, which can be attributed to frustration. We then characterize typical dynamic patterns using complementary observables. Our work opens the avenue toward exploring correlated transport in frustrated geometries, where the interplay between interactions and gauge fields plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Huiying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Junjun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wei Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Kanungo SK, Whalen JD, Lu Y, Yuan M, Dasgupta S, Dunning FB, Hazzard KRA, Killian TC. Realizing topological edge states with Rydberg-atom synthetic dimensions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:972. [PMID: 35190541 PMCID: PMC8861171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A discrete degree of freedom can be engineered to match the Hamiltonian of particles moving in a real-space lattice potential. Such synthetic dimensions are powerful tools for quantum simulation because of the control they offer and the ability to create configurations difficult to access in real space. Here, in an ultracold 84Sr atom, we demonstrate a synthetic-dimension based on Rydberg levels coupled with millimeter waves. Tunneling amplitudes between synthetic lattice sites and on-site potentials are set by the millimeter-wave amplitudes and detunings respectively. Alternating weak and strong tunneling in a one-dimensional configuration realizes the single-particle Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) Hamiltonian, a paradigmatic model of topological matter. Band structure is probed through optical excitation from the ground state to Rydberg levels, revealing symmetry-protected topological edge states at zero energy. Edge-state energies are robust to perturbations of tunneling-rates that preserve chiral symmetry, but can be shifted by the introduction of on-site potentials. Synthetic dimensions, states of a system engineered to act as if they were a reconfigurable extra spatial dimension, have been demonstrated with different systems previously. Here the authors create a synthetic dimension using Rydberg atoms and configure it to support topological edge states.
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Zhang R, Yan Y, Zhou Q. Localization on a Synthetic Hall Cylinder. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:193001. [PMID: 34047582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By engineering laser-atom interactions, both Hall ribbons and Hall cylinders as fundamental theoretical tools in condensed matter physics have recently been synthesized in laboratories. Here, we show that turning a synthetic Hall ribbon into a synthetic Hall cylinder could naturally lead to localization. Unlike a Hall ribbon, a Hall cylinder hosts an intrinsic lattice, which arises due to the periodic boundary condition in the azimuthal direction, in addition to the external periodic potential imposed by extra lasers. When these two lattices are incommensurate, localization may occur on a synthetic Hall cylinder. Near the localization-delocalization transitions, physical observables strongly depend on the axial magnetic flux, providing us a sensitive means to probe either the transition or the axial flux using one another. In the irrational limit, physical observables are no longer affected by the axial flux, signifying a scheme to suppress decoherence induced by fluctuations of the axial flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhang
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Yangqian Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Phase Diagram of the Attractive Kane-Mele-Hubbard Model at Half Filling. ATOMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms8030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivated by recent developments in the experimental study of ultracold atoms in graphene-like honeycomb optical lattices, we investigate superconductivity of the attractive Kane-Mele-Habbard (KMH) model with the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) hoping at half filling. The mean-field approximation is used to study the phase diagram which interpolates the trivial and the non-trivial topological states. It is shown that: (a) when the NNN hoping is taken into account, one has to introduce two mean-field gap equations for the two sublattices, instead of a single gap when the NNN hopping is neglected, and (b) in the non-trivial topological region the phase diagram with the NNN hopping is significantly different compared to the phase diagram calculated previously, but without the NNN term. We also discuss the superconducting instability of the attractive KMH model that is driven by condensation of Cooperons.
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Li Y, Cai H, Wang DW, Li L, Yuan J, Li W. Many-Body Chiral Edge Currents and Sliding Phases of Atomic Spin Waves in Momentum-Space Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:140401. [PMID: 32338979 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.140401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collective excitations (spin waves) of long-lived atomic hyperfine states can be synthesized into a Bose-Hubbard model in momentum space. We explore many-body ground states and dynamics of a two-leg momentum-space lattice formed by two coupled hyperfine states. Essential ingredients of this setting are a staggered artificial magnetic field engineered by lasers that couple the spin wave states and a state-dependent long-range interaction, which is induced by laser dressing a hyperfine state to a Rydberg state. The Rydberg dressed two-body interaction gives rise to a state-dependent blockade in momentum space and can amplify staggered flux-induced antichiral edge currents in the many-body ground state in the presence of magnetic flux. When the Rydberg dressing is applied to both hyperfine states, exotic sliding insulating and superfluid (supersolid) phases emerge. Because of the Rydberg dressed long-range interaction, spin waves slide along a leg of the momentum-space lattice without costing energy. Our study paves a route to the quantum simulation of topological phases and exotic dynamics with interacting spin waves of atomic hyperfine states in momentum-space lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Li
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Cai
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Anderson RP, Trypogeorgos D, Valdés-Curiel A, Liang QY, Tao J, Zhao M, Andrijauskas T, Juzeliūnas G, Spielman IB. Realization of a deeply subwavelength adiabatic optical lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH 2020; 2:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013149. [PMID: 34796336 PMCID: PMC8596489 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose and describe our realization of a deeply subwavelength optical lattice for ultracold neutral atoms using N resonantly Raman-coupled internal degrees of freedom. Although counterpropagating lasers with wavelength λ provided two-photon Raman coupling, the resultant lattice period was λ/2N, an N-fold reduction as compared to the conventional λ/2 lattice period. We experimentally demonstrated this lattice built from the three F = 1 Zeeman states of a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate, and generated a lattice with a λ/6 = 132 nm period from λ = 790 nm lasers. Lastly, we show that adding an additional rf-coupling field converts this lattice into a superlattice with N wells uniformly spaced within the original λ/2 unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Anderson
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria 3552, Australia
| | - D. Trypogeorgos
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - A. Valdés-Curiel
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Q.-Y. Liang
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. Tao
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T. Andrijauskas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - G. Juzeliūnas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - I. B. Spielman
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Yan Y, Zhang SL, Choudhury S, Zhou Q. Emergent Periodic and Quasiperiodic Lattices on Surfaces of Synthetic Hall Tori and Synthetic Hall Cylinders. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:260405. [PMID: 31951424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.260405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic spaces allow physicists to bypass constraints imposed by certain physical laws in experiments. Here, we show that a synthetic torus, which consists of a ring trap in the real space and internal states of ultracold atoms cyclically coupled by Laguerre-Gaussian Raman beams, could be threaded by a net effective magnetic flux through its surface-an impossible mission in the real space. Such a synthetic Hall torus gives rise to a periodic lattice in real dimensions, in which the periodicity of the density modulation of atoms fractionalizes that of the Hamiltonian. Correspondingly, the energy spectrum is featured by multiple bands grouping into clusters with nonsymmorphic-symmetry-protected band crossings in each cluster, leading to swaps of wave packets in Bloch oscillations. Our scheme allows physicists to glue two synthetic Hall tori such that localization may emerge in a quasicrystalline lattice. If the Laguerre-Gaussian Raman beams and ring traps were replaced by linear Raman beams and ordinary traps, a synthetic Hall cylinder could be realized and deliver many of the aforementioned phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqian Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zhang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Sayan Choudhury
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Zou H, Zhao E, Guan XW, Liu WV. Exactly Solvable Points and Symmetry Protected Topological Phases of Quantum Spins on a Zig-Zag Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:180401. [PMID: 31144880 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.180401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A large number of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases have been hypothesized for strongly interacting spin-1/2 systems in one dimension. Realizing these SPT phases, however, often demands fine-tunings hard to reach experimentally. And the lack of analytical solutions hinders the understanding of their many-body wave functions. Here we show that two kinds of SPT phases naturally arise for ultracold polar molecules confined in a zigzag optical lattice. This system, motivated by recent experiments, is described by a spin model whose exchange couplings can be tuned by an external field to reach parameter regions not studied before for spin chains or ladders. Within the enlarged parameter space, we find the ground state wave function can be obtained exactly along a line and at a special point, for these two phases, respectively. These exact solutions provide a clear physical picture for the SPT phases and their edge excitations. We further obtain the phase diagram by using infinite time-evolving block decimation and discuss the phase transitions between the two SPT phases and their experimental signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Zou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erhai Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Quantum Materials Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Xi-Wen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - W Vincent Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy and T.D. Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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11
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Cai H, Liu J, Wu J, He Y, Zhu SY, Zhang JX, Wang DW. Experimental Observation of Momentum-Space Chiral Edge Currents in Room-Temperature Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:023601. [PMID: 30720297 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.023601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chiral edge currents play an important role in characterizing topological matter. In atoms, they have been observed at such a low temperature that the atomic motion can be measured. Here we report the first experimental observation of chiral edge currents in atoms at room temperature. Staggered magnetic fluxes are induced by the spatial phase difference between two standing-wave light fields, which couple atoms to form a momentum-space zigzag superradiance lattice. The chiral edge currents are measured by comparing the directional superradiant emissions of two timed Dicke states in the lattice. Our results pave the way for simulating topological physics in hot atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cai
- Interdisciplanery Center for Quantum Information, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jinhong Liu
- Interdisciplanery Center for Quantum Information, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinze Wu
- Interdisciplanery Center for Quantum Information, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yanyan He
- Interdisciplanery Center for Quantum Information, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplanery Center for Quantum Information, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Zhang
- Interdisciplanery Center for Quantum Information, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplanery Center for Quantum Information, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Sundar B, Gadway B, Hazzard KRA. Synthetic dimensions in ultracold polar molecules. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3422. [PMID: 29467482 PMCID: PMC5821820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic dimensions alter one of the most fundamental properties in nature, the dimension of space. They allow, for example, a real three-dimensional system to act as effectively four-dimensional. Driven by such possibilities, synthetic dimensions have been engineered in ongoing experiments with ultracold matter. We show that rotational states of ultracold molecules can be used as synthetic dimensions extending to many - potentially hundreds of - synthetic lattice sites. Microwaves coupling rotational states drive fully controllable synthetic inter-site tunnelings, enabling, for example, topological band structures. Interactions leads to even richer behavior: when molecules are frozen in a real space lattice with uniform synthetic tunnelings, dipole interactions cause the molecules to aggregate to a narrow strip in the synthetic direction beyond a critical interaction strength, resulting in a quantum string or a membrane, with an emergent condensate that lives on this string or membrane. All these phases can be detected using local measurements of rotational state populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanesh Sundar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251, USA.
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251, USA.
| | - Bryce Gadway
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kaden R A Hazzard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251, USA
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An FA, Meier EJ, Ang'ong'a J, Gadway B. Correlated Dynamics in a Synthetic Lattice of Momentum States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:040407. [PMID: 29437415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of atomic interactions on quantum simulations in momentum-space lattices (MSLs), where driven transitions between discrete momentum states mimic transport between sites of a synthetic lattice. Low-energy atomic collisions, which are short ranged in real space, relate to nearly infinite-ranged interactions in momentum space. However, the added exchange energy between atoms in distinguishable momentum states leads to an effectively attractive, finite-ranged interaction between atoms in momentum space. In this Letter, we observe the onset of self-trapping driven by such interactions in a momentum-space double well, paving the way for more complex many-body studies in tailored MSLs. We consider the types of phenomena that may result from these interactions, including the formation of chiral solitons in zigzag flux lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhao Alex An
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Eric J Meier
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Jackson Ang'ong'a
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Bryce Gadway
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
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Greschner S, Vekua T. Vortex-Hole Duality: A Unified Picture of Weak- and Strong-Coupling Regimes of Bosonic Ladders with Flux. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:073401. [PMID: 28949655 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-leg bosonic ladders with flux harbor a remarkable vortex-hole duality between the weak-coupling vortex lattice superfluids and strong-coupling charge-density-wave crystals. The strong-coupling crystalline states, which are realized in the vicinity of π flux, are independent of particle statistics, and are related to the incompressible fractional quantum Hall states in the thin-cylinder limit. These fully gapped ground states, away from π flux, develop nonzero chiral (spin) currents. Contact-interacting quantum gases permit exploration of this vortex-hole duality in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Greschner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Vekua
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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