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Hu Z, Yang Y, Yang L, Gong Y, Chukwu C, Ye D, Yue Y, Yuan J, Kravitz AV, Chen H. Airy-beam holographic sonogenetics for advancing neuromodulation precision and flexibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402200121. [PMID: 38885384 PMCID: PMC11214095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancing our understanding of brain function and developing treatments for neurological diseases hinge on the ability to modulate neuronal groups in specific brain areas without invasive techniques. Here, we introduce Airy-beam holographic sonogenetics (AhSonogenetics) as an implant-free, cell type-specific, spatially precise, and flexible neuromodulation approach in freely moving mice. AhSonogenetics utilizes wearable ultrasound devices manufactured using 3D-printed Airy-beam holographic metasurfaces. These devices are designed to manipulate neurons genetically engineered to express ultrasound-sensitive ion channels, enabling precise modulation of specific neuronal populations. By dynamically steering the focus of Airy beams through ultrasound frequency tuning, AhSonogenetics is capable of modulating neuronal populations within specific subregions of the striatum. One notable feature of AhSonogenetics is its ability to flexibly stimulate either the left or right striatum in a single mouse. This flexibility is achieved by simply switching the acoustic metasurface in the wearable ultrasound device, eliminating the need for multiple implants or interventions. AhSonogentocs also integrates seamlessly with in vivo calcium recording via fiber photometry, showcasing its compatibility with optical modalities without cross talk. Moreover, AhSonogenetics can generate double foci for bilateral stimulation and alleviate motor deficits in Parkinson's disease mice. This advancement is significant since many neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, involve dysfunction in multiple brain regions. By enabling precise and flexible cell type-specific neuromodulation without invasive procedures, AhSonogenetics provides a powerful tool for investigating intact neural circuits and offers promising interventions for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO63130
| | - Yaoheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO63130
| | - Leqi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO63130
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO63130
| | - Chinwendu Chukwu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO63130
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO63130
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO63130
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO63130
| | - Alexxai V. Kravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO63130
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
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Zhao J, Wei X, Fei C, Li Y, Li Z, Lou L, Quan Y, Yang Y. Phase-Optimized Multi-Step Phase Acoustic Metasurfaces for Arbitrary Multifocal Beamforming. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1176. [PMID: 37374762 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound featuring non-destructive and high sensitivity has attracted widespread attention in biomedical and industrial evaluation. However, most traditional focusing techniques focus on the design and improvement of single-point focusing, neglecting the need to carry more dimensions of multifocal beams. Here we propose an automatic multifocal beamforming method, which is implemented using a four-step phase metasurface. The metasurface composed of four-step phases improves the transmission efficiency of acoustic waves as a matching layer and enhances the focusing efficiency at the target focal position. The change in the number of focused beams does not affect the full width at half maximum (FWHM), revealing the flexibility of the arbitrary multifocal beamforming method. Phase-optimized hybrid lenses reduce the sidelobe amplitude, and excellent agreement is observed between the simulation and experiments for triple-focusing beamforming metasurface lenses. The particle trapping experiment further validates the profile of the triple-focusing beam. The proposed hybrid lens can achieve flexible focusing in three dimensions (3D) and arbitrary multipoint, which may have potential prospects for biomedical imaging, acoustic tweezers, and brain neural modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xiongwei Wei
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Chunlong Fei
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Zhaoxi Li
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Lifei Lou
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yi Quan
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yintang Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
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Hu Z, Yang Y, Ye D, Chen S, Gong Y, Chukwu C, Chen H. Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the mouse brain using a stereotactic-guided focused ultrasound device. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102132. [PMID: 36861835 PMCID: PMC9988659 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing protocols of focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubble-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening (FUS-BBBO) in preclinical research require expensive ultrasound equipment and complex operating procedures. We developed a low-cost, easy-to-use, and precise FUS device for small animal models in preclinical research. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for building the FUS transducer, attaching the transducer to a stereotactic frame for precise brain targeting, applying the integrated FUS device to perform FUS-BBBO in mice, and evaluating the FUS-BBBO outcome. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hu et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Yaoheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Chinwendu Chukwu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Hu Z, Yang Y, Xu L, Hao Y, Chen H. Binary acoustic metasurfaces for dynamic focusing of transcranial ultrasound. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:984953. [PMID: 36117633 PMCID: PMC9475195 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.984953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a promising technique for non-invasive and spatially targeted neuromodulation and treatment of brain diseases. Acoustic lenses were designed to correct the skull-induced beam aberration, but these designs could only generate static focused ultrasound beams inside the brain. Here, we designed and 3D printed binary acoustic metasurfaces (BAMs) for skull aberration correction and dynamic ultrasound beam focusing. BAMs were designed by binarizing the phase distribution at the surface of the metasurfaces. The phase distribution was calculated based on time reversal to correct the skull-induced phase aberration. The binarization enabled the ultrasound beam to be dynamically steered along wave propagation direction by adjusting the operation frequency of the incident ultrasound wave. The designed BAMs were manufactured by 3D printing with two coding bits, a polylactic acid unit for bit "1" and a water unit for bit "0." BAMs for single- and multi-point focusing through the human skull were designed, 3D printed, and validated numerically and experimentally. The proposed BAMs with subwavelength scale in thickness are simple to design, easy to fabric, and capable of correcting skull aberration and achieving dynamic beam steering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yaoheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yao Hao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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