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Kuznetsova SA, Yunusov SM, Gak AS, Riazanov VI, Nelyubina YV, Barker R, North M, Zhereb VP, Khakina EA, Naumkin A, Lobanov NN, Khrustalev VN, Chusov D, Kalyuzhnaya ES, Belokon YN. Palladium Nanoparticles Entrapped In a Hydrogen Bonded Crystalline Organic Salt Matrix as a Selective Heterogeneous Reduction Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Kuznetsova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute Of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy Of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation e-mail:
| | - Safar M. Yunusov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute Of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy Of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation e-mail:
| | - Alexander S. Gak
- Moscow State University Faculty Of Material Science Leninskie Gory, 1/40 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I. Riazanov
- D. Mendeleev University Of Chemical Technology Of Russia Miusskaya Square 9 125047 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute Of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy Of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation e-mail:
| | - Ryan Barker
- Green Chemistry Centre Of Excellence Department Of Chemistry University Of York, Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Michael North
- Green Chemistry Centre Of Excellence Department Of Chemistry University Of York, Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Vladimir P. Zhereb
- Siberian Federal University School Of Non-Ferrous Metals And Material Science 95 Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy Pr. 660025 Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Khakina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute Of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy Of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation e-mail:
| | - Alexander Naumkin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute Of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy Of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation e-mail:
| | - Nikolai N. Lobanov
- Peoples' Friendship University Of Russia (Rudn University) 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street Moscow 117198 Russian Federation
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- Peoples' Friendship University Of Russia (Rudn University) 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street Moscow 117198 Russian Federation
| | - Denis Chusov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute Of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy Of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation e-mail:
| | - Elena S. Kalyuzhnaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute Of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy Of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation e-mail:
| | - Yuri N. Belokon
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute Of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy Of Sciences Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation e-mail:
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Zacharska M, Bulusheva LG, Lisitsyn AS, Beloshapkin S, Guo Y, Chuvilin AL, Shlyakhova EV, Podyacheva OY, Leahy JJ, Okotrub AV, Bulushev DA. Factors Influencing the Performance of Pd/C Catalysts in the Green Production of Hydrogen from Formic Acid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:720-730. [PMID: 27996206 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid derived from biomass is known to be used for hydrogen production over Pd catalysts. The effects of preparation variables, structure of the carbon support, surface functional composition on the state of Pd, and catalytic properties of the samples in the vapor-phase decomposition of formic acid were studied. In all catalysts derived from Pd acetate, metal particles visible by conventional TEM had similar sizes, but the adsorption capacity towards CO responded strongly to N-doping of the carbon surface. Moreover, a decrease in the CO/Pd values was accompanied by a significant increase in the reaction rate. Taking account of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF/STEM) data, the trends observed were assigned to a larger fraction of single electron-deficient Pd atoms in the N-doped samples, which do not adsorb CO but interact with formic acid to produce hydrogen. This was confirmed by extended DFT studies. The obtained results are valuable for the development of Pd catalysts on carbon supports for different processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zacharska
- Chemical&Environmental Sciences Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Materials&Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Lyubov G Bulusheva
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Sergey Beloshapkin
- Materials&Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Yina Guo
- Materials&Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrey L Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, Donostia-, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 20013, Spain
| | - Elena V Shlyakhova
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Olga Y Podyacheva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - James J Leahy
- Chemical&Environmental Sciences Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Materials&Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alexander V Okotrub
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitri A Bulushev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Skála T, Tsud N, Stetsovych V, Mysliveček J, Matolín V. Growth of transition metals on cerium tungstate model catalyst layers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:395002. [PMID: 27494195 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/39/395002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two model catalytic metal/oxide systems were investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. The mixed-oxide support was a cerium tungstate epitaxial thin layer grown in situ on the W(1 1 0) single crystal. Active particles consisted of palladium and platinum 3D islands deposited on the tungstate surface at 300 K. Both metals were found to interact weakly with the oxide support and the original chemical state of both support and metals was mostly preserved. Electronic and morphological changes are discussed during the metal growth and after post-annealing at temperatures up to 700 K. Partial transition-metal coalescence and self-cleaning from the CO and carbon impurities were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Skála
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Gulyaeva YK, Kaichev VV, Zaikovskii VI, Kovalyov EV, Suknev AP, Bal’zhinimaev BS. Selective hydrogenation of acetylene over novel Pd/fiberglass catalysts. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Bulushev DA, Bulusheva LG, Beloshapkin S, O'Connor T, Okotrub AV, Ryan KM. Pd clusters supported on amorphous, low-porosity carbon spheres for hydrogen production from formic acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8719-8726. [PMID: 25848960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous, low-porosity carbon spheres on the order of a few micrometers in size were prepared by carbonization of squalane (C30H62) in supercritical CO2 at 823 K. The spheres were characterized and used as catalysts' supports for Pd. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure studies of the spheres revealed sp(2) and sp(3) hybridized carbon. To activate carbons for interaction with a metal precursor, often oxidative treatment of a support is needed. We showed that boiling of the obtained spheres in 28 wt % HNO3 did not affect the shape and bulk structure of the spheres, but led to creation of a considerable amount of surface oxygen-containing functional groups and increase of the content of sp(2) hybridized carbon on the surface. This carbon was seen by scanning transmission electron microscopy in the form of waving graphene flakes. The H/C atomic ratio in the spheres was relatively high (0.4) and did not change with the HNO3 treatment. Palladium was deposited by impregnation with Pd acetate followed by reduction in H2. This gave uniform Pd clusters with a size of 2-4 nm. The Pd supported on the original C spheres showed 2-3 times higher catalytic activity in vapor phase formic acid decomposition and higher selectivity for H2 formation (98-99%) than those for the catalyst based on the HNO3 treated spheres. Using of such low-porosity spheres as a catalyst support should prevent mass transfer limitations for fast catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri A Bulushev
- ‡Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- ⊥Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Lyubov G Bulusheva
- §Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- ⊥Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander V Okotrub
- §Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- ⊥Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Diociaiuti M, Picozzi P, Santucci S, Lozzi L, Crescenzi M. Extended electron energy-loss fine structure and selected-area electron diffraction studies of small palladium clusters. J Microsc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1992.tb01521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Rousselot S, Gazeau A, Guay D, Roué L. Influence of Pd on the structure and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of Mg50Ti50 alloy prepared by ball milling. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Minati L, Speranza G, Calliari L, Micheli V, Baranov A, Fanchenko S. The Influence of Metal Nanoparticle Size Distribution in Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:7856-61. [PMID: 18683914 DOI: 10.1021/jp804169q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Minati
- FBK, Sommarive Street 18, 38050 Povo-Trento, Italy, MATI-RGTU, Moscow, Russia, and RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. Speranza
- FBK, Sommarive Street 18, 38050 Povo-Trento, Italy, MATI-RGTU, Moscow, Russia, and RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - L. Calliari
- FBK, Sommarive Street 18, 38050 Povo-Trento, Italy, MATI-RGTU, Moscow, Russia, and RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. Micheli
- FBK, Sommarive Street 18, 38050 Povo-Trento, Italy, MATI-RGTU, Moscow, Russia, and RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Baranov
- FBK, Sommarive Street 18, 38050 Povo-Trento, Italy, MATI-RGTU, Moscow, Russia, and RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Fanchenko
- FBK, Sommarive Street 18, 38050 Povo-Trento, Italy, MATI-RGTU, Moscow, Russia, and RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Jiang Z, Huang W, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Tan D, Bao X. Multiple Coordination of CO on Molybdenum Nanoparticles: Evidence for Intermediate Mox(CO)y Species by XPS and UPS. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:26105-13. [PMID: 17181264 DOI: 10.1021/jp065293i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CO chemisorption on the metallic molybdenum nanoparticles supported on the thin alumina film was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). A binary compound of molybdenum and CO is found to be formed on the surface upon CO dose, accompanied with a positive binding energy shift of the Mo 3d doublet and a localized Mo 4d valence band. A loose packing of the metallic molybdenum favors the formation of this intermediate Mox(CO)y species. The formation of the Mox(CO)y species implies that the property of the metallic molybdenum nanoparticles on the thin alumina film is much different from that of the bulk molybdenum, indicating a significant nanometer size effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Dohmae K, Nonaka T, Seno Y. Local structure change of Rh on alumina after treatments in high-temperature oxidizing and reducing environments. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Reaction and Surface Characterization Studies of Ru/Al2O3 Catalysts for CO Preferential Oxidation in Reformed Gas. Catal Letters 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-004-6445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Rainer D, Goodman D. Metal clusters on ultrathin oxide films: model catalysts for surface science studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(97)00270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Characterization and catalysis studies of small metal particles on planar model oxide supports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(96)00494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Harikumar KR, Ghosh S, Rao CNR. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigations of Cu−Ni, Au−Ag, Ni−Pd, and Cu−Pd Bimetallic Clusters. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp961906n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Harikumar
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit and CSIR Center of Excellence in Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - S. Ghosh
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit and CSIR Center of Excellence in Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - C. N. R. Rao
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit and CSIR Center of Excellence in Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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15
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Ogawa S, Ichikawa S. Observation of induced dipoles between small palladium clusters and alpha -(0001) Al2O3. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:17231-17234. [PMID: 9978744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.17231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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16
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Moretti G. The contribution of X-ray photoelectron and X-ray excited Auger spectroscopies in the characterization of zeolites and of metal clusters entrapped in zeolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-2449(94)90174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Supported Clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-84985-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Han M, Mrozek P, Wieckowski A. X-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy and Auger-electron-spectroscopy study of ultrathin palladium films on a Pt(111) substrate. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:8329-8335. [PMID: 10007027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.8329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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19
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Poppa H. Nucleation, Growth, and TEM Analysis of Metal Particles and Clusters Deposited in UHV. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/01614949308013911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Moretti G, Porta P. New advancements in the theory of the Auger parameter: Applications to the characterization of small metallic particles. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.740200811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Lozzi L, Passacanthando M, Picozzi P, Santucci S, Crescenzi M. XPS, AES and EELS studies of Cr clusters on graphite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01425615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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23
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Noupa C, Rousset JL, Tardy B, Bertolini JC. Sizeable deactivation effect for the 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation on vapor-deposited Pd aggregates on graphite. Catal Letters 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00810366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Faraci G, Costanzo E, Pennisi AR, Hwu Y, Margaritondo G. Photoelectron spectroscopy of silver clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01437403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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25
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Cini M, Patella F, Motta N, Sastry M, Rochet F, Pasquali R, Balzarotti A, Verdozzi C. Palladium clusters on graphite: Evidence of resonant hybrid states in the valence and conduction bands. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:5685-5695. [PMID: 9994451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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27
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DiCenzo SB, Wertheim GK. Monte Carlo calculation of the size distribution of supported clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:6792-6796. [PMID: 9947323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.6792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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29
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Henry CR, Poppa H. Auger and electron energy loss spectroscopies of small palladium particles supported on (111) oriented MgO films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01426987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Electronic effect induced by variation of size for Pd clusters in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01427024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Crescenzi M, Lozzi L, Picozzi P, Santucci S. Core edge energy loss studies of Pd clusters on graphite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01426986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Wertheim GK, DiCenzo SB. Cluster growth and core-electron binding energies in supported metal clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:844-847. [PMID: 9944577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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34
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Wertheim GK. Auger shifts in metal clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:9559-9562. [PMID: 9942850 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.9559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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35
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Qiu SL, Pan X, Strongin M, Citrin PH. Photoemission from supported metal clusters: The problem of the support. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:1292-1295. [PMID: 9942946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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