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Arif O, Zannier V, Rossi F, De Matteis D, Kress K, De Luca M, Zardo I, Sorba L. GaAs/GaP superlattice nanowires: growth, vibrational and optical properties. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1145-1153. [PMID: 35903972 PMCID: PMC9851173 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02350d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire geometry allows semiconductor heterostructures to be obtained that are not achievable in planar systems, as in, for example, axial superlattices made of large lattice mismatched materials. This provides a great opportunity to explore new optical transitions and vibrational properties resulting from the superstructure. Moreover, superlattice nanowires are expected to show improved thermoelectric properties, owing to the dominant role of surfaces and interfaces that can scatter phonons more effectively, reducing the lattice thermal conductivity. Here, we show the growth of long (up to 100 repetitions) GaAs/GaP superlattice nanowires with different periodicities, uniform layer thicknesses, and sharp interfaces, realized by means of Au-assisted chemical beam epitaxy. By optimizing the growth conditions, we obtained great control of the nanowire diameter, growth rate, and superlattice periodicity, offering a valuable degree of freedom for engineering photonic and phononic properties at the nanoscale. As a proof of concept, we analyzed a single type of superlattice nanowire with a well-defined periodicity and we observed room temperature optical emission and new phonon modes. Our results prove that high-quality GaAs/GaP superlattice nanowires have great potential for phononic and optoelectronic studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Arif
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valentina Zannier
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Rossi
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Diego De Matteis
- Physics Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Kress
- Physics Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marta De Luca
- Physics Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zardo
- Physics Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Sorba
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Berdekas D, Ves S. Lattice dynamics and Raman scattering by phonons of GaAs/AlAs(001) superlattices. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:275405. [PMID: 21828489 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/27/275405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The lattice dynamics of (GaAs)(n)/(AlAs)(n)(001) superlattices (SLs), n = 1,2, with perfect and disordered (non-perfect) interfaces is studied in detail. The SLs with disordered interfaces are approached by primitive cells, much larger in volume than that of the perfect SL primitive cell. The dynamical matrices of the SLs have been constructed from a combination of the dynamical matrices corresponding to the bulk crystalline constituents, while the interionic forces are calculated by using a ten-parameter valence overlap shell model (VOSM). Furthermore, we calculate the Raman spectra, for both perfect and disordered superlattices by using an eight-parameter bond polarizability model (BPM). Our theoretical results are in very good agreement with the available experimental spectra. Finally, our results clearly demonstrate that intermixing of Ga and Al cations, even to a very small extent, can induce Raman activity, which although not expected in the spectra of perfect superlattices, is actually observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Berdekas
- Direction of High Schools Education of Larissa, Lykeio of Giannouli, GR-41500 Larissa, Greece
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Pusep YA, Galzerani JC, Pimenta MA, Lubyshev DI, Basmaji P. Raman study of interface roughness in (GaAs)n/(AlAs)n superlattices grown on tilted surfaces: Evidence of corrugation of the (113) interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:1927-1932. [PMID: 9983653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Pusep YA, Galzerani JC, Lubyshev DI, Preobrazhenskii V, Basmaji P. Raman scattering of the optical vibrational modes in (GaAs)n(AlAs)n superlattices grown on (311)A and (311)B surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:5473-5476. [PMID: 9979435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chamberlain MP, Trallero-Giner C, Cardona M. Anisotropy effects on optical phonon modes in GaAs/AlAs quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:1611-1618. [PMID: 9976346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Popovic ZV, Richter E, Spitzer J, Cardona M, Shields AJ, Nötzel R, Ploog K. Phonon properties of (311) GaAs/AlAs superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:7577-7583. [PMID: 10009501 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.7577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Chamberlain MP, Cardona M, Ridley BK. Optical modes in GaAs/AlAs superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:14356-14364. [PMID: 10007854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Popovic ZV, Spitzer J, Ruf T, Cardona M, Nötzel R, Ploog K. Folded acoustic phonons in GaAs/AlAs corrugated superlattices grown along the. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:1659-1664. [PMID: 10008527 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Molinàs-Mata P, Shields AJ, Cardona M. Phonons and internal stresses in IV-IV and III-V semiconductors: The planar bond-charge model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:1866-1875. [PMID: 10006224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Viña L, Muñoz L, Calle F, Mestres N, Calleja JM, Wang WI. Excitonic spectrum of. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:13234-13243. [PMID: 10003365 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Nash KJ. Electron-phonon interactions and lattice dynamics of optic phonons in semiconductor heterostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:7723-7744. [PMID: 10002513 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.7723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Trallero-Giner C, García-Moliner F, Velasco VR, Cardona M. Analysis of the phenomenological models for long-wavelength polar optical modes in semiconductor layered systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:11944-11948. [PMID: 10001211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kim DS, Bouchalkha A, Jacob JM, Zhou JF, Song JJ, Klem JF. Confined-to-propagating transition of LO phonons in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs superlattices observed by picosecond Raman scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:1002-1005. [PMID: 10046053 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Mowbray DJ, Cardona M, Ploog K. Multiphonon resonant Raman scattering in short-period GaAs/AlAs superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:11815-11824. [PMID: 9996954 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.11815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Calle F, Mowbray DJ, Niles DW, Cardona M, Calleja JM, Ploog K. Resonant Raman scattering in. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:9152-9157. [PMID: 9996585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.9152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Popovic ZV, Cardona M, Richter E, Strauch D, Tapfer L, Ploog K. Angular dispersion and polarization mixing in GaAs/AlAs superlattices grown along the. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:4925-4932. [PMID: 9997867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mowbray DJ, Cardona M, Ploog K. Confined LO phonons in GaAs/AlAs superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:1598-1603. [PMID: 9997410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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