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Zhang L, Ye L, Zhao W, Huang C, Liu X, Gao W, Li T, Min T, Yang J, Tian M, Chen X. The Evaluation of Interface Quality in HfO 2 Films Probed by Time-Dependent Second-Harmonic Generation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3471. [PMID: 39063763 PMCID: PMC11277793 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Time-dependent second-harmonic generation (TD-SHG) is an emerging sensitive and fast method to qualitatively evaluate the interface quality of the oxide/Si heterostructures, which is closely related to the interfacial electric field. Here, the TD-SHG is used to explore the interface quality of atomic layer deposited HfO2 films on Si substrates. The critical SHG parameters, such as the initial SHG signal and characteristic time constant, are compared with the fixed charge density (Qox) and the interface state density (Dit) extracted from the conventional electrical characterization method. It reveals that the initial SHG signal linearly decreases with the increase in Qox, while Dit is linearly correlated to the characteristic time constant. It verifies that the TD-SHG is a sensitive and fast method, as well as simple and noncontact, for evaluating the interface quality of oxide/Si heterostructures, which may facilitate the in-line semiconductor test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhang
- Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Li Ye
- Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Shanghai Aspiring Semiconductor Equipment Co., Ltd. & Aspiring Semiconductor (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Chongji Huang
- Shanghai Aspiring Semiconductor Equipment Co., Ltd. & Aspiring Semiconductor (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenshuai Gao
- Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Tai Min
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mingliang Tian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xuegang Chen
- Center of Free Electron Laser & High Magnetic Field, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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Gassin PM, Martin-Gassin G, Prelot B, Zajac J. How to distinguish various components of the SHG signal recorded from the solid/liquid interface? Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Khorasaninejad M, Swillam MA, Pillai K, Saini SS. Silicon nanowire arrays with enhanced optical properties. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:4194-4196. [PMID: 23073408 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vertical silicon nanowire arrays were fabricated leading to an enhanced photoluminescence (PL) emission and second-order nonlinear optical response. PL from the nanowires was increased by a factor of 50 as compared to bulk silicon. The second order nonlinearity was demonstrated in second-harmonic generation and rotational anisotropic measurements. Enhancement by at least a factor of 80 was achieved as compared to bulk silicon for the p-polarized input and s-polarized output. These enhancements in the silicon characteristics should enable highly desired applications using a silicon platform, such as nonlinear and active devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khorasaninejad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Zhao JH, Chen QD, Chen ZG, Jia G, Su W, Jiang Y, Yan ZX, Dolgova TV, Aktsipetrov OA, Sun HB. Enhancement of second-harmonic generation from silicon stripes under external cylindrical strain. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:3340-3342. [PMID: 19881587 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.003340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced second-harmonic (SH) generation from Si (111) stripes induced by external cylindrical strain is investigated. The dependence of the intensity of the strain-induced SH on the sample azimuth shows that the Si under cylindrical strain has 3m symmetry, which is similar to that of the Si (111) surface. Further studies indicate that the intensity of the enhanced SH is a quadratic function of the cylindrical strain within the magnitude that the Si stripe can bear. For the p-polarized and s-polarized SH, the intensities are, respectively, enhanced by 47.9% and 13% at epsilon(0)=2.93x10(-4). The enhancement of SH is due to the contributions from the strain-induced second-order nonlinear susceptibility chi(strain)(2) to the bulk dipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130023, China
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Dadap JI, Wilson PT, Anderson MH, Downer MC, Ter Beek M. Femtosecond carrier-induced screening of dc electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation at the Si(001) SiO(2) interface. OPTICS LETTERS 1997; 22:901-903. [PMID: 18185700 DOI: 10.1364/ol.22.000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carrier-induced screening of the dc electric field at the Si(001)-SiO(2) interface is observed by intensity-dependent and femtosecond-time-resolved second-harmonic spectroscopy. The screening occurs on a time scale of ~?(p)(-1) , the reciprocal plasma frequency of the generated carriers.
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6
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Bloch J, Mihaychuk JG. Electron Photoinjection from Silicon to Ultrathin SiO2 Films via Ambient Oxygen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:920-923. [PMID: 10062940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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7
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Aktsipetrov OA, Fedyanin AA, Mishina ED, Rubtsov AN, Devillers MA, Rasing T. dc-electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation in Si(111)-SiO2-Cr metal-oxide-semiconductor structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:1825-1832. [PMID: 9986030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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8
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Ekerdt JG, Sun YM, Szabo A, Szulczewski GJ, White JM. Role of Surface Chemistry in Semiconductor Thin Film Processing. Chem Rev 1996; 96:1499-1518. [PMID: 11848800 DOI: 10.1021/cr950236z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Ekerdt
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Materials Chemistry, and Center for Synthesis, Growth, and Analysis of Electronic Materials, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Mendoza BS, Mochán WL. Local-field effect in the second-harmonic-generation spectra of Si surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:R10473-R10476. [PMID: 9982709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.r10473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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10
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Dadap JI, Hu XF, Anderson MH, Downer MC, Lowell JK, Aktsipetrov OA. Optical second-harmonic electroreflectance spectroscopy of a Si(001) metal-oxide-semiconductor structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:R7607-R7609. [PMID: 9982278 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.r7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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McGilp JF, Power JR, O'Mahony JD, Chandola S. Resonant optical second harmonic generation from vicinal Si(001)Sb, and its microscopic origin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2211520123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Qi J, Angerer W, Yeganeh MS, Yodh AG, Theis WM. Observation of midgap interface states in buried metal/GaAs junctions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:3174-3177. [PMID: 10059513 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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13
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Mihaychuk JG, Bloch J, Liu Y, van Driel HM. Time-dependent second-harmonic generation from the Si-SiO(2) interface induced by charge transfer. OPTICS LETTERS 1995; 20:2063-2065. [PMID: 19862251 DOI: 10.1364/ol.20.002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have observed that the second-harmonic signal generated from oxidized Si(001) varies on a time scale of several seconds in experiments involving a fundamental beam of lambda = 770 nm, 110-fs pulses at 76 MHz. We suggest that the temporal behavior arises from absorption of weak (<100-fW average power) third-harmonic light generated in air or in the sample, inducing charge transfer across the Si-SiO(2) interface and trapping in the oxide layer. Detrapping has been determined to take several minutes.
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Lüpke G, Meyer C, Ohlhoff C, Kurz H, Lehmann S, Marowsky G. Optical second-harmonic generation as a probe of electric-field-induced perturbation of centrosymmetric media. OPTICS LETTERS 1995; 20:1997-1999. [PMID: 19862229 DOI: 10.1364/ol.20.001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-selective optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is applied to monitor nonuniform polarization distributions in centrosymmetric media modulated by an external dc electric field. Two different systems are investigated: first, optical SHG from a Au-Si(100) Schottky Barrier is shown to be a direct probe of the electric field polarity near such a metal-semiconductor interface. Second, a poled polymer exhibits a strong anisotropic SHG signal under normal incidence, indicating a nonuniform field enhancement at the edges of the poling electrode. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of SHG to small symmetry perturbations. Consequences for device applications are discussed.
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Power JR, O'Mahony JD, Chandola S, McGilp JF. Resonant optical second harmonic generation at the steps of vicinal Si(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:1138-1141. [PMID: 10060215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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16
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Gusev EP, Lu HC, Gustafsson T, Garfunkel E. Growth mechanism of thin silicon oxide films on Si(100) studied by medium-energy ion scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:1759-1775. [PMID: 9981243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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17
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Hirayama H, Watanabe K. Annealing effect on native-oxide/Si(111) interfaces studied by second-harmonic generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:14717-14720. [PMID: 9978410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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18
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Meyer C, Lüpke G, Emmerichs U, Wolter F, Kurz H, Bjorkman CH, Lucovsky G. Electronic transitions at Si(111)/SiO2 and Si(111)/Si3N4 interfaces studied by optical second-harmonic spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:3001-3004. [PMID: 10058078 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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19
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Bottomley DJ, Lüpke G, Meyer C, Makita Y. Exact separation of surface and bulk contributions to anisotropic second-harmonic generation from cubic centrosymmetric media. OPTICS LETTERS 1995; 20:453-455. [PMID: 19859218 DOI: 10.1364/ol.20.000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We solve this long-standing problem theoretically by recognizing that the ranks of the tensors that describe the surface and bulk second-order nonlinear susceptibilities differ in this class of media. We show that this implies that the phenomenologies of the anisotropic optical second-harmonic (SH) responses of the two sources differ for all possible crystal facial orientations except (111). To demonstrate the result, we apply the theory to separate the surface and bulk contributions to SH generation from an oxidized vicinal Si(001) wafer for p-polarized 775-nm fundamental and s-polarized SH radiation. It is shown that knowledge of the phase of the SH field is necessary to achieve a unique separation.
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Ito F, Hirayama H. Second-harmonic generation from SiO2/Si(111) interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:11208-11211. [PMID: 9975239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.11208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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21
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Bottomley DJ, Baribeau J. Limitations to the realization of noncentrosymmetric SimGen superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:8564-8568. [PMID: 9974874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.8564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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22
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Emmerichs U, Meyer C, Bakker HJ, Kurz H, Bjorkman CH, Shearon CE, Ma Y, Yasuda T, Jing Z, Lucovsky G, Whitten JL. Second-harmonic response of chemically modified vicinal Si(111) surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:5506-5511. [PMID: 9976894 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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23
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Lüpke G, Bottomley DJ. Resonant second-harmonic generation on Cu(111) by a surface-state to image-potential-state transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:17303-17306. [PMID: 10010911 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.17303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kautek W, Sorg N, Krüger J. Femtosecond pulse laser second harmonic generation on semiconductor electrodes. Electrochim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(94)e0043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yeganeh MS, Qi J, Culver JP, Yodh AG, Tamargo MC. Three-wave-mixing spectroscopy of ZnSe/GaAs(001) heterointerfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:11196-11209. [PMID: 10009970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.11196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Daum W, Krause H, Reichel U, Ibach H. Identification of strained silicon layers at Si-SiO2 interfaces and clean Si surfaces by nonlinear optical spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:1234-1237. [PMID: 10055484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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