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Kim T, Oh S, Choudhry U, Meinhart CD, Chabinyc ML, Liao B. Transient Strain-Induced Electronic Structure Modulation in a Semiconducting Polymer Imaged by Scanning Ultrafast Electron Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9146-9152. [PMID: 34672604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the optoelectronic properties of semiconducting polymers under external strain is essential for their applications in flexible devices. Although prior studies have highlighted the impact of static and macroscopic strains, assessing the effect of a local transient deformation before structural relaxation occurs remains challenging. Here, we employ scanning ultrafast electron microscopy (SUEM) to image the dynamics of a photoinduced transient strain in the semiconducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). We observe that the photoinduced SUEM contrast, corresponding to the local change of secondary electron emission, exhibits an unusual ring-shaped profile. We attribute the observation to the electronic structure modulation of P3HT caused by a photoinduced strain field owing to its low modulus and strong electron-lattice coupling, supported by a finite-element analysis. Our work provides insights into tailoring optoelectronic properties using transient mechanical deformation in semiconducting polymers and demonstrates the versatility of SUEM to study photophysical processes in diverse materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Saejin Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Usama Choudhry
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Carl D Meinhart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael L Chabinyc
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bolin Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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2
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Traeger H, Kiebala DJ, Weder C, Schrettl S. From Molecules to Polymers-Harnessing Inter- and Intramolecular Interactions to Create Mechanochromic Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000573. [PMID: 33191595 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of mechanophores as building blocks that serve as predefined weak linkages has enabled the creation of mechanoresponsive and mechanochromic polymer materials, which are interesting for a range of applications including the study of biological specimens or advanced security features. In typical mechanophores, covalent bonds are broken when polymers that contain these chemical motifs are exposed to mechanical forces, and changes of the optical properties upon bond scission can be harnessed as a signal that enables the detection of applied mechanical stresses and strains. Similar chromic effects upon mechanical deformation of polymers can also be achieved without relying on the scission of covalent bonds. The dissociation of motifs that feature directional noncovalent interactions, the disruption of aggregated molecules, and conformational changes in molecules or polymers constitute an attractive element for the design of mechanoresponsive and mechanochromic materials. In this article, it is reviewed how such alterations of molecules and polymers can be exploited for the development of mechanochromic materials that signal deformation without breaking covalent bonds. Recent illustrative examples are highlighted that showcase how the use of such mechanoresponsive motifs enables the visual mapping of stresses and damage in a reversible and highly sensitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Traeger
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Derek J Kiebala
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
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3
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Perevedentsev A, Francisco-López A, Shi X, Braendle A, Caseri WR, Goñi AR, Campoy-Quiles M. Homoconjugation in Light-Emitting Poly(phenylene methylene)s: Origin and Pressure-Enhanced Photoluminescence. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Perevedentsev
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus of the UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Adrián Francisco-López
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus of the UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xingyuan Shi
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, U.K
| | - Andreas Braendle
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Walter R. Caseri
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro R. Goñi
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus of the UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus of the UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Nagai M, Huang J, Cui D, Wang Z, Huang W. Two-step reprecipitation method with size and zeta potential controllability for synthesizing semiconducting polymer nanoparticles. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Calvino C, Neumann L, Weder C, Schrettl S. Approaches to polymeric mechanochromic materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Calvino
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Laura Neumann
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
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6
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Knaapila M, Guha S. Blue emitting organic semiconductors under high pressure: status and outlook. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:066601. [PMID: 27116082 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/6/066601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This review describes essential optical and emerging structural experiments that use high GPa range hydrostatic pressure to probe physical phenomena in blue-emitting organic semiconductors including π-conjugated polyfluorene and related compounds. The work emphasizes molecular structure and intermolecular self-organization that typically determine transport and optical emission in π-conjugated oligomers and polymers. In this context, hydrostatic pressure through diamond anvil cells has proven to be an elegant tool to control structure and interactions without chemical intervention. This has been highlighted by high pressure optical spectroscopy whilst analogous x-ray diffraction experiments remain less frequent. By focusing on a class of blue-emitting π-conjugated polymers, polyfluorenes, this article reviews optical spectroscopic studies under hydrostatic pressure, addressing the impact of molecular and intermolecular interactions on optical excitations, electron-phonon interaction, and changes in backbone conformations. This picture is connected to the optical high pressure studies of other π-conjugated systems and emerging x-ray scattering experiments from polyfluorenes which provides a structure-property map of pressure-driven intra- and interchain interactions. Key obstacles to obtain further advances are identified and experimental methods to resolve them are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Knaapila
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Martin TP, Wise AJ, Busby E, Gao J, Roehling JD, Ford MJ, Larsen DS, Moulé AJ, Grey JK. Packing dependent electronic coupling in single poly(3-hexylthiophene) H- and J-aggregate nanofibers. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:4478-87. [PMID: 23214454 DOI: 10.1021/jp308586k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibers (NFs) of the prototype conjugated polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), displaying H- and J-aggregate character are studied using temperature- and pressure-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Single J-aggregate NF spectra show a decrease of the 0-0/0-1 vibronic intensity ratio from ~2.0 at 300 K to ~1.3 at 4 K. Temperature-dependent PL line shape parameters (i.e., 0-0 energies and 0-0/0-1 intensity ratios) undergo an abrupt change in the range of ~110-130 K suggesting a change in NF chain packing. Pressure-dependent PL lifetimes also show increased contributions from an instrument-limited decay component which is attributed to greater torsional disorder of the P3HT backbone upon decreasing NF volume. It is proposed that the P3HT alkyl side groups change their packing arrangement from a type I to type II configuration causing a decrease in J-aggregate character (lower intrachain order) in both temperature- and pressure-dependent PL spectra. Chain packing dependent exciton and polaron relaxation and recombination dynamics in NF aggregates are next studied using transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS). TAS data reveal faster polaron recombination dynamics in H-type P3HT NFs indicative of interchain delocalization whereas J-type NFs exhibit delayed recombination suggesting that polarons (in addition to excitons) are more delocalized along individual chains. Both time-resolved and steady-state spectra confirm that excitons and polarons in J-type NFs are predominantly intrachain in nature that can acquire interchain character with small structural (chain packing) perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, MSC03 2060, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Mikhnenko OV, Lin J, Shu Y, Anthony JE, Blom PWM, Nguyen TQ, Loi MA. Effect of thermal annealing on exciton diffusion in a diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14196-201. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41359k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Chen F, Zhang J, Wan X. Anthraquinone-Imide-Based Dimers: Synthesis, Piezochromism, Liquid Crystalline and Near-Infrared Electrochromic Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Albert-Seifried S, Hodgkiss JM, Laquai F, Bronstein HA, Williams CK, Friend RH. Pressure-induced delocalization of photoexcited states in a semiconducting polymer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:195501. [PMID: 21231181 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.195501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present broadband transient absorption spectroscopy on the fluorescent copolymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) under hydrostatic pressure of up to 75 kbar. We observe a strong reduction of the stimulated emission intensity under pressure, coupled with slower decay kinetics and reduced fluorescence intensity. These observations indicate increased delocalization of photogenerated singlet excitons, facilitated by an increased dielectric constant at high pressure. Spin triplet excitons, generated via an iridium complex-F8BT oligomer, show reduced lifetimes under pressure.
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11
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Lee CK, Davis DA, White SR, Moore JS, Sottos NR, Braun PV. Force-Induced Redistribution of a Chemical Equilibrium. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16107-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja106332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corissa K. Lee
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Douglas A. Davis
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott R. White
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nancy R. Sottos
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul V. Braun
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Caruso MM, Davis DA, Shen Q, Odom SA, Sottos NR, White SR, Moore JS. Mechanically-Induced Chemical Changes in Polymeric Materials. Chem Rev 2009; 109:5755-98. [DOI: 10.1021/cr9001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 990] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Caruso
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Douglas A. Davis
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Qilong Shen
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Susan A. Odom
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Nancy R. Sottos
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Scott R. White
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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13
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Mikhnenko OV, Cordella F, Sieval AB, Hummelen JC, Blom PWM, Loi MA. Exciton Quenching Close to Polymer−Vacuum Interface of Spin-Coated Films of Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) Derivative. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:9104-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9012637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr V Mikhnenko
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Schmidtke JP, Friend RH, Silva C. Tuning interfacial charge-transfer excitons at polymer-polymer heterojunctions under hydrostatic pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:157401. [PMID: 18518151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.157401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present photoluminescence spectroscopy of blend thin films of poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) with electron-donating copolymers under hydrostatic pressure. The photoluminescence spectrum of F8BT redshifts by 530+/-60 meV over pressures of 0.1 MPa-8.8 GPa. That of the interfacial charge-transfer exciton redshifts by 270-370 meV over a similar pressure range. Despite the relatively small shift of the charge-transfer exciton, the excited state dynamics at the molecular heterojunction are strongly enhanced due to the decreasing intermolecular distance, leading to favored exciplex emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna P Schmidtke
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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15
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Sato T, Yagi T, Tajima H, Fukuda T, Yamamoto T. Optical properties and piezochromism of π-conjugated polythiophene with –CC–n-C10H21 substituent. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Miller S, Fanchini G, Lin YY, Li C, Chen CW, Su WF, Chhowalla M. Investigation of nanoscale morphological changes in organic photovoltaics during solvent vapor annealing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b713926h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Schmidtke JP, Kim JS, Gierschner J, Silva C, Friend RH. Optical spectroscopy of a polyfluorene copolymer at high pressure: intra- and intermolecular interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:167401. [PMID: 17995289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present optical spectroscopy studies of the conjugated polymer poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) at high pressure. The photoluminescence spectrum of F8BT in a dilute solid-state solution in polystyrene redshifts by 320 meV over 7.4 GPa, while that of a F8BT thin film redshifts 460 meV over a comparable pressure range. We attribute the redshift in solution to intrachain pressure effects, principally conformational planarization. The additional contribution from interchain pi-electron interactions accounts for the larger redshift of thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna P Schmidtke
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
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18
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Cadby AJ, Tolbert SH. Controlling optical properties and interchain interactions in semiconducting polymers by encapsulation in periodic nanoporous silicas with different pore sizes. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:17879-86. [PMID: 16853293 DOI: 10.1021/jp0536753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of MEH-PPV incorporated into the pores of periodic silica hosts has been investigated in an effort to understand the role played by interchain aggregation and chain morphology in polaron production. In this work, guest/host interactions were used to incorporate MEH-PPV into the straight, homogeneous pores of hexagonal surfactant- or polymer-templated mesoporous silicas of varying pore diameters. Polarized photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy were then used to investigate the polymers' environment within the silica pores. Experiments exploiting luminescence peak shifts and depolarization indicate that depending on the pore size and preparation conditions, the alignment and packing of the polymer chains within the pores could be controlled. Samples could be produced with isolated chains, interacting straight chains, and coiled interacting chains. The sub-bandgap absorption by polarons was then measured with photoinduced absorption as a function of pore size. Small-diameter pores that allowed single polymer chains to reside within the pore showed little evidence of interchain contact and had a low polaron yield. Increasing the number of polymer chains within the pore increased the polaron yield. Finally, when the pores were large enough that the chains could coil, strong polaron absorption was observed, indicative of a further increase in polaron yield or an increase in polaron lifetime. The polaron absorption spectra also sharpen and red shift with increasing pore diameter, suggesting that excitons may migrate to lower energy polymer segments in samples where polymer chains are both coiled and interacting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Cadby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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19
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Nanoscale structure-property relationships in conjugated polymers: Implications for present and future device applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Piezochromic behaviour of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and poly(5,8-dihexadecyloxyanthraquinone-1,4-diyl). POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Nguyen TQ, Martini IB, Liu J, Schwartz BJ. Controlling Interchain Interactions in Conjugated Polymers: The Effects of Chain Morphology on Exciton−Exciton Annihilation and Aggregation in MEH−PPV Films. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 746] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Ignacio B. Martini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Jei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Benjamin J. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
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Hess BC, Forgy EA, Frolov S, Dick DD, Vardeny ZV. High-pressure study of picosecond exciton dynamics in solid C60. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:4871-4874. [PMID: 9976799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kanemitsu Y, Suzuki K, Masumoto Y, Tomiuchi Y, Shiraishi Y, Kuroda M. Optical properties of quasi-one-dimensional thiophene-based oligomers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:2301-2305. [PMID: 9976447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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24
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Nisoli M, Pruneri V, De Silvestri S, Magni V, Gallazzi A, Romanoni C, Zerbi G, Zotti G. Ultrafast non-linear optical response and acoustic phonon generation in poly (alkoxy-thiophene) film with regioregular structure. Chem Phys Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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