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Abstract
Mass-selected Ptn+ ion deposition in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) was used to prepare a series of size-selected electrodes with Ptn (n ≤ 14) clusters supported on either glassy carbon (GC) or indium tin oxide (ITO). After characterization of the physical properties of the electrodes in UHV, an in situ method was used to study electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction and ethanol oxidation reactions, without significant air exposure. For each reaction studied, there are similarities between the catalytic properties of Ptn-containing electrodes and those of nanoparticulate or bulk Pt electrodes, but there are also important differences that provide mechanistic insights. For all systems, strong cluster size effects were observed. For comparison, select experiments were done under identical conditions but with the Ptn electrodes exposed to air prior to electrochemical studies, resulting in strong modification/suppression of catalytic activity due to adventitious contaminants. For ethanol oxidation at Ptn/ITO, activity varies with size nonmonotonically, by more than an order of magnitude. The sharp size dependence persists during at least 30 to 40 cycles through the Pt redox potential, indicating that processes that would tend to broaden the size distribution are not efficient. All but the least active sizes are substantially more active per mass of Pt, than Pt nanoparticles under the same conditions. The oscillatory dependence of activity on size is anticorrelated with the binding energy of the Pt 4d core level, demonstrating that activity is controlled by the electronic structure of the supported clusters. For oxygen reduction at Ptn/ITO, the branching between water and hydrogen peroxide production is strongly dependent on cluster size, with small clusters selectively producing peroxide with high activity. The selectivity appears to be related to the size of the active site, with no obvious correlation to Pt electronic properties. The most unusual effect seen was for Ptn/GC, studied under acid conditions appropriate to oxygen reduction. Pt7 and a few other cluster sizes show "normal" oxygen reduction activity, similar to what is measured for Pt nanoparticles on GC under the same conditions. Many of the small clusters, however, are found to catalyze highly efficient oxidation, by water, of the glassy carbon support, with essentially no overpotential. The high activity for carbon oxidation for many Ptn/GC electrodes and the absence of significant carbon oxidation for a GC electrode with Pt nanoparticles raise the question of whether small Pt clusters may be responsible for much of the corrosion observed in Pt/carbon electrodes. This system provides another example where activity for oxidation catalysis is anticorrelated with the Pt core level binding energies, indicating that it is electronic, rather than geometric, structure that limits activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Weber
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400
E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Scott L. Anderson
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400
E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Recent progress in CO oxidation over Pt-group-metal catalysts at low temperatures. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(16)62513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Johnson GE, Gunaratne D, Laskin J. Soft- and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:439-479. [PMID: 25880894 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soft- and reactive landing of mass-selected ions is gaining attention as a promising approach for the precisely-controlled preparation of materials on surfaces that are not amenable to deposition using conventional methods. A broad range of ionization sources and mass filters are available that make ion soft-landing a versatile tool for surface modification using beams of hyperthermal (<100 eV) ions. The ability to select the mass-to-charge ratio of the ion, its kinetic energy and charge state, along with precise control of the size, shape, and position of the ion beam on the deposition target distinguishes ion soft landing from other surface modification techniques. Soft- and reactive landing have been used to prepare interfaces for practical applications as well as precisely-defined model surfaces for fundamental investigations in chemistry, physics, and materials science. For instance, soft- and reactive landing have been applied to study the surface chemistry of ions isolated in the gas-phase, prepare arrays of proteins for high-throughput biological screening, produce novel carbon-based and polymer materials, enrich the secondary structure of peptides and the chirality of organic molecules, immobilize electrochemically-active proteins and organometallics on electrodes, create thin films of complex molecules, and immobilize catalytically active organometallics as well as ligated metal clusters. In addition, soft landing has enabled investigation of the size-dependent behavior of bare metal clusters in the critical subnanometer size regime where chemical and physical properties do not scale predictably with size. The morphology, aggregation, and immobilization of larger bare metal nanoparticles, which are directly relevant to the design of catalysts as well as improved memory and electronic devices, have also been studied using ion soft landing. This review article begins in section 1 with a brief introduction to the existing applications of ion soft- and reactive landing. Section 2 provides an overview of the ionization sources and mass filters that have been used to date for soft landing of mass-selected ions. A discussion of the competing processes that occur during ion deposition as well as the types of ions and surfaces that have been investigated follows in section 3. Section 4 discusses the physical phenomena that occur during and after ion soft landing, including retention and reduction of ionic charge along with factors that impact the efficiency of ion deposition. The influence of soft landing on the secondary structure and biological activity of complex ions is addressed in section 5. Lastly, an overview of the structure and mobility as well as the catalytic, optical, magnetic, and redox properties of bare ionic clusters and nanoparticles deposited onto surfaces is presented in section 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Don Gunaratne
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
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Bo M, Guo Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Peng C, Sun CQ, Huang Y. Electronic binding energy and thermal relaxation of Li and LiNa atomic alloying clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13280-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01783e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of atomic hetero- and under-coordination on the relaxation of the interatomic bonding and electronic binding energy of Li and LiNa cluster alloying using a combination of the bond-order-length-strength correlation and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Bo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing 408100
- China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technologies (Ministry of Education)
| | - Yongling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technologies (Ministry of Education)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Hunan 411105
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Information and Electronic Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Hunan 411201
- China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technologies (Ministry of Education)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Hunan 411105
| | - Cheng Peng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing 408100
- China
| | - Chang Q. Sun
- NOVITAS
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Yongli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technologies (Ministry of Education)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xiangtan University
- Hunan 411105
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Calvet W, Murugasen E, Klett J, Kaiser B, Jaegermann W, Finger F, Hoch S, Blug M, Busse J. Silicon based tandem cells: novel photocathodes for hydrogen production. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:12043-50. [PMID: 24710175 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A photovoltaic tandem cell made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) and microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) was investigated as a photocathode for hydrogen evolution in a photoelectrochemical device. The electronic and electrochemical properties of the samples were characterized using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), whereas the morphology of the surface in contact with the electrolyte was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electric efficiency of the tandem cell was determined to be 5.2% in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) setup in acidic solution which is only about half of the photovoltaic efficiency of the tandem cell. A significant improvement in efficiency was achieved with platinum as a catalyst which was deposited by physical vapour deposition (PVD) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Calvet
- Surface Science Division, Department of Materials Science, Technical University Darmstadt, Jovanka-Bontschits-Straße 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Peters S, Peredkov S, Neeb M, Eberhardt W, Al-Hada M. Size-dependent Auger spectra and two-hole Coulomb interaction of small supported Cu-clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013. [PMID: 23666087 DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Auger (L3M4,5M4,5) and X-ray photoionization spectra (2p, 3d) of mass-selected CuN-clusters supported by a thin natural silica layer are presented in the size range N = 8-55 atoms per cluster. The Auger spectra of all clusters are shifted to a lower kinetic energy with respect to the spectrum of the bulk. Furthermore the Auger energy decreases systematically with decreasing cluster size. The binding energies of the 2p and 3d valence states are higher than the corresponding bulk values. Using the energy of the Auger main line, the corresponding core hole peak and the centroid of the self-convoluted 3d valence band the on-site Coulomb interaction energy Udd of the two-hole final state as a function of cluster size has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peters
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Campus Adlershof, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Berlin, Germany
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Peters S, Peredkov S, Neeb M, Eberhardt W, Al-Hada M. Size-dependent Auger spectra and two-hole Coulomb interaction of small supported Cu-clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9575-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp00109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Zhang P, Ma L, Shao H, Zhang J, Zhang W, Ning X, Zhuang J. Low-energy structures of clusters supported on metal fcc(110) surfaces. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:633. [PMID: 22171642 PMCID: PMC3274563 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy structures (LESs) of adatom clusters on a series of metal face-centered cubic (fcc) (110) surfaces are systematically studied by the genetic algorithm, and a simplified model based on the atomic interactions is developed to explain the LESs. Two different kinds of LES group mainly caused by the different next nearest-neighbor (NNN) adatom-adatom interaction are distinguished, although the NNN atomic interaction is much weaker than the nearest-neighbor interaction. For a repulsive NNN atomic interaction, only the linear chain is included in the LES group. However, for an attractive one, type of structure in the LES group is various and replace gradually one by one with cluster size increasing. Based on our model, we also predict the shape feature of the large cluster which is found to be related closely to the ratio of NN and NNN bond energies, and discuss the surface reconstruction in the view of atomic interaction. The results are in accordance with the experimental observations.PACS: 68.43.Hn; 68.43.Fg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liuxue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hezhu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xijing Ning
- Applied Ion Beam Physics Lab, Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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9
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Experimental observation of two-dimensional charge polarization in unisized platinum cluster disk bonded to silicon(1 1 1) surface. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Peters S, Peredkov S, Balkaya B, Ferretti N, Savci A, Vollmer A, Neeb M, Eberhardt W. Inner-shell photoionization spectroscopy on deposited metal clusters using soft x-ray synchrotron radiation: an experimental setup. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:125106. [PMID: 20059169 DOI: 10.1063/1.3267193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of mass-selected clusters by soft x-ray synchrotron radiation is well suited to receive element specific information on clusters in contact with a support and to systematically follow the evolution of size-dependent electronic and geometrical properties from the smallest clusters toward the bulk. Here we describe an experimental setup, which combines cluster synthesis, mass selection, soft landing, ultrahigh vacuum transfer, and photoionization experiments such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray absorption, and Auger electron spectroscopy. First spectroscopic results and experimental conditions are briefly discussed for Cu(19) deposited onto the natural oxide layer of a Si-wafer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peters
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Campus Adlershof, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Zhang P, Xie Y, Ning X, Zhuang J. Equilibrium structures and shapes of clusters on metal fcc(111) surfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:255704. [PMID: 21828664 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/25/255704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using embedded-atom-method potentials, the lower-energy structures (LESs) of adatom clusters are obtained directly on a series of metal fcc(111) surfaces by the method based on the genetic algorithm. The structural features, energy distributions, number of LESs and their differences on different surfaces are discussed and explained in terms of the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor (NN, NNN) adatom-adatom interactions, and the edge-type difference. When the energetic preference for one edge type over another is slight, e.g., on Ag(111), only one type of structure is included, and it does not change with the increment of cluster size. However, when there is a strong energetic preference for one of the edge types, e.g., on Pt(111), an interesting phenomenon of structure replacement is revealed, by which the structures in the LES group deviate more and more from the configuration with the maximum number of NN bonds as the cluster size increases. The structure replacement also finally leads to the shape of the two-dimensional island on Pt(111) being quite distinct from that on Ag(111). Based on these results, the general trend of the variation of lower-energy structures with cluster size is discussed further for other metal fcc(111) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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12
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Yasumatsu H, Hayakawa T, Koizumi S, Kondow T. Unisized two-dimensional platinum clusters on silicon(111)-7x7 surface observed with scanning tunneling microscope. J Chem Phys 2007; 123:124709. [PMID: 16392513 DOI: 10.1063/1.2018639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uni-sized platinum clusters (size range of 5-40) on a silicon(111)-7 x 7 surface were prepared by depositing size-selected platinum cluster ions on the silicon surface at the collision energy of 1.5 eV per atom at room temperature. The surface thus prepared was observed by means of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at the temperature of 77 K under an ambient pressure less than 5 x 10(-9) Pa. The STM images observed at different cluster sizes revealed that (1) the clusters are flattened and stuck to the surface with a chemical-bond akin to platinum silicide, (2) every platinum atom occupies preferentially the most reactive sites distributed within a diameter of approximately 2 nm on the silicon surface at a cluster size up to 20, and above this size, the diameter of the cluster increases with the size, and (3) the sticking probability of an incoming cluster ion on the surface increases with the cluster size and reaches nearly unity at a size larger than 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Yasumatsu
- Toyota Technological Institute, East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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14
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Yang DQ, Zhang GX, Sacher E, José-Yacaman M, Elizondo N. Evidence of the Interaction of Evaporated Pt Nanoparticles with Variously Treated Surfaces of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:8348-56. [PMID: 16623519 DOI: 10.1021/jp060513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of Pt nanoparticles, deposited by evaporation onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces modified by kiloelectronvolt Ar+ beam treatment, have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy core-level line shape analysis. The C1s and Pt4f7/2 peaks were each considered to be composed of one asymmetric peak, and changes in their asymmetry parameters were used to study their interfacial interactions. In addition to these changes, strong signal intensity changes with time were found for both the C1s and Pt4f peaks, indicating an initial crystalline orientational instability of the Pt nanoparticles, which is supported by time-dependent high-resolution electron microscopy studies at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-Q Yang
- Regroupement Québécois de Matériaux de Point, Département de Génie Physique, Ecole Polytechnique, C.P. 6079, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
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15
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Yasumatsu H, Hayakawa T, Kondow T. Electronic structures of size-selected single-layered platinum clusters on silicon(111)-7×7 surface at a single cluster level by tunneling spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:14701. [PMID: 16409045 DOI: 10.1063/1.2126669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneling spectra of size-selected single-layered platinum clusters (size range of 5-40) deposited on a silicon(111)-7x7 surface were measured individually at a temperature of 77 K by means of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), and the local electronic densities of states of individual clusters were derived from their tunneling spectra measured by placing an STM tip on the clusters. In a bias-voltage (V(s)) range from -3 to 3 V, each tunneling spectrum exhibits several peaks assignable to electronic states associated with 5d states of a constituent platinum atom and an energy gap of 0.1-0.6 eV in the vicinity of V(s)=0. Even when platinum cluster ions having the same size were deposited on the silicon(111)-7x7 surface, the tunneling spectra and the energy gaps of the deposited clusters are not all the same but can be classified in shape into several different groups; this finding is consistent with the observation of the geometrical structures of platinum clusters on the silicon(111)-7x7 surface. The mean energy gap of approximately 0.4 eV drops to approximately 0.25 eV at the size of 20 and then decreases gradually as the size increases, consistent with our previous finding that the cluster diameter remains unchanged, but the number density of Pt atoms increases below the size of 20 while the diameter increases, but the density does not change above it. It is concluded that the mean energy gap tends to decrease gradually with the mean cluster diameter. The dependence of the mean energy gap on the mean Pt-Pt distance shows that the mean energy gap decreases sharply when the mean Pt-Pt distance exceeds that of a platinum metal (0.28 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Yasumatsu
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute: East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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16
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Yan XM, Kwon S, Contreras A, Koebel M, Bokor J, Somorjai G. Fabrication of Dense Arrays of Platinum Nanowires on Silica, Alumina, Zirconia and Ceria Surfaces as 2-D Model Catalysts. Catal Letters 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-005-8681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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O’Shea JN, Schnadt J, Andersson S, Patthey L, Rost S, Giertz A, Brena B, Forsell JO, Sandell A, Björneholm O, Brühwiler PA, Mårtensson N. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of low surface concentration mass-selected Ag clusters. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1319700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yamaguchi W, Yoshimura K, Tai Y, Maruyama Y, Igarashi K, Tanemura S, Murakami J. Energy-dependent deposition processes of size-selected Ag nanoclusters on highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Electronic Level Structure of Metal Clusters at Surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-57169-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Yamaguchi W, Yoshimura K, Maruyama Y, Igarashi K, Tanemura S, Murakami J. Non-destructive deposition and diffusion–aggregation of size-selected silver nanoclusters on glassy carbon substrates as probed by real-time X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vinod C, Kulkarni G, Rao C. Size-dependent changes in the electronic structure of metal clusters as investigated by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chapter 6 Surface alloying in heteroepitaxial metal-on-metal growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1571-0785(97)80009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Bromann K, Felix C, Brune H, Harbich W, Monot R, Buttet J, Kern K. Controlled Deposition of Size-Selected Silver Nanoclusters. Science 1996; 274:956-8. [PMID: 8875931 DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5289.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy was used to study the effect of kinetic cluster energy and rare-gas buffer layers on the deposition process of size-selected silver nanoclusters on a platinum(111) surface. Clusters with impact energies of </=1 electron volt per atom could be landed nondestructively on the bare substrate, whereas at higher kinetic energies fragmentation and substrate damage were observed. Clusters with elevated impact energy could be soft-landed via an argon buffer layer on the platinum substrate, which efficiently dissipated the kinetic energy. Nondestructive cluster deposition represents a promising method to produce monodispersed nanostructures at surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bromann
- Institut de Physique Experimentale, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Patthey F, Massobrio C, Schneider W. Dynamics of surface alloying: Determination of diffusion barriers from photoelectron spectra. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:13146-13149. [PMID: 9982994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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28
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Wildberger K, Stepanyuk VS, Lang P, Zeller R, Dederichs PH. Magnetic nanostructures:4d clusters on Ag(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:509-512. [PMID: 10060039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Massobrio C, Patthey F, Roy H, Schneider WD. Heterodeposition on metallic surfaces: Structure and energetics in the Pd/Ag(110) and Pt/Ag(110) systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:2063-2065. [PMID: 9981278 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Massobrio C, Fernandez P. Cluster adsorption on metallic surfaces: Structure and diffusion in the Cu/Pd(110) and Pd/Pd(110) systems. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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