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Nemkovich NA, Detert H, Sobchuk AN, Tomin VI, Wróblewski T. Polarity and strong sensitivity to external electric field in azacrown oligophenylenevinylene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120824. [PMID: 35033755 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex study of quadrupolar azacrown dye (E,E)-5,5́-Bis[2-(4-(4',7',10',13',16'-pentaoxa-1 azacyclooctadecyl)phenyl)ethenyl]-2,2́-bipyridine 1 was performed. Electronic spectra of absorption and fluorescence in different solvents exhibit strong solvatochromism. Electrooptical absorption measurements (EOAM) were performed to determine the electric dipole moments. These measurements gave large values of dipole moments in the ground μg and Franck-Condon excited state μeFC equal to 6.8 ± 0.14C m and 39.3 ± 0.3C m, respectively. Furthermore, the results of EOAM suggest the existence two conformers in the ground state with close energies of electronic transitions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations directly show that the shape of this molecule is not planar in the ground state and also allows the existence of two stable conformers with close energies. They appeared due to different orientations of the left and right pyridine fragments of the solute. The energies, electric dipole moments and dependences of dipole moments on the strength of applied electric field were calculated for found stable conformers of 1. DFT calculations with TD / B3LYP / 3-21G and cc-pVDZ (Time Depend) approach show that external electric field increases dramatically the dipole moments of the solute under study. The higher field intensity the larger the excited electric dipole in the range intensities from zero to ∼ 2.8·× 10 9 V/m.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Nemkovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Natl. Acad. Sci. of Belarus, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - H Detert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - A N Sobchuk
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Natl. Acad. Sci. of Belarus, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - V I Tomin
- Department of Physics, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200 Poland.
| | - T Wróblewski
- Department of Physics, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200 Poland.
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Nemkovich NA, Detert H, Sobchuk AN, Tomin VI, Wróblewski T. Solvatochromy and symmetry breaking in two quadrupolar oligophenylenevinylenes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119395. [PMID: 33440287 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrooptical absorption measurements (EOAM), solvatochromic dependences and quantum chemical simulations testify to large dipole moments change of two quadrupolar oligophenylenevinylenes upon transition to Franck-Condon excited state μeFC. The values of the dipole moments μg and μeFC are in the range [(4.2 - 4.9)1030] C m and (30.8 - 47.0)1030C m, respectively. The relations of dipole moments in the ground and excited states determined by EOAM correlate well with results obtained via the solvatochromic method. Calculations carried out by density functional theory (DFT) show that optimized configuration of the ground state of these molecules is not planar. The results from all methods applied unequivocally show the structural symmetry breaking in the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Nemkovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NASB, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - H Detert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A N Sobchuk
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NASB, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - V I Tomin
- Physics Department, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200, Poland
| | - T Wróblewski
- Physics Department, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200, Poland.
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Leenaers P, Maufort AJLA, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Impact of π-Conjugated Linkers on the Effective Exciton Binding Energy of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Dithienopyrrole Copolymers. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:27403-27412. [PMID: 33363695 PMCID: PMC7751171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c08768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the nature of the π-conjugated linker that is positioned between electron-deficient 2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) and electron-rich dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP) units in alternating DPP-DTP copolymers on the optical and electrochemical band gaps and the effective exciton binding energy is investigated for six different aromatic linkers. The optical band gap is related to the electron-donating properties of DTP and the electron-withdrawing properties of DPP but likewise strongly affected by the nature of the linker and varies between 1.13 and 1.80 eV for the six different linkers. The lowest optical band gaps are found for linkers that either raise the highest occupied molecular orbital or lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital most, while the highest optical band gap is found for phenyl linkers that have neither strong donating nor strong accepting properties. Along with the optical band gap, the electrochemical band gap also changes, but to a lesser extent from 1.46 to 1.89 eV. The effective exciton binding energy (E b), defined as the difference between the electrochemical and optical band gaps, decreases with an increasing band gap and reaches a minimum of 0.09 eV for the copolymer with the highest band gap, that is, with phenyl linkers. The reduction in E b with an increasing band gap is tentatively explained by a reduced electronic interaction between the DTP and DPP units when the HOMO localizes on DTP and the LUMO localizes on DPP. Support for this explanation is found in the molar absorption coefficient of the copolymers, which shows an overall decreasing trend with decreasing E b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter
J. Leenaers
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Arthur J. L. A. Maufort
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Giusto P, Cruz D, Heil T, Arazoe H, Lova P, Aida T, Comoretto D, Patrini M, Antonietti M. Shine Bright Like a Diamond: New Light on an Old Polymeric Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908140. [PMID: 31995254 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brilliance usually refers to the light reflected by the facets of a gemstone such as diamond due to its high refractive index. Nowadays, high-refractive-index materials find application in many optical and photonic devices and are mostly of inorganic nature. However, these materials are usually obtained by toxic or expensive production processes. Herein, the synthesis of a thin-film organic semiconductor, namely, polymeric carbon nitride, by thermal chemical vapor deposition is presented. Among polymers, this organic material combines the highest intrinsic refractive index reported so far with high transparency in the visible spectrum, even reaching the range of diamond. Eventually, the herein presented deposition of high quality thin films and their optical characteristics open the way for numerous new applications and devices in optics, photonics, and beyond based on organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giusto
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Cruz
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Heil
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hiroki Arazoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Paola Lova
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Davide Comoretto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Patrini
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi, 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Joan M. Racicot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Nemkovich N, Detert H, Schmitt V. Structural symmetry breaking in octupolar tetrastyrylpyrazines and their dipole moments in equilibrium ground and Franck-Condon excited state. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Chen S, Chen D, Lu M, Zhang X, Li H, Zhang X, Yang X, Li X, Tu Y, Li CY. Incorporating Pendent Fullerenes with High Refractive Index Backbones: A Conjunction Effect Method for High Refractive Index Polymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dongxue Chen
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Lu
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Christopher Y. Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Pati AK, Gharpure SJ, Mishra AK. Contrasting Solid-State Fluorescence of Diynes with Small and Large Aryl Substituents: Crystal Packing Dependence and Stimuli-Responsive Fluorescence Switching. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10481-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Kumar Pati
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santosh J. Gharpure
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ashok K. Mishra
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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X-ray structures of precursors of styrylpyridine-derivatives used to obtain 4-((E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl)benzamido-TEMPO: synthesis and characterization. Molecules 2015; 20:5793-811. [PMID: 25849803 PMCID: PMC6272471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the precursor isomers trans-4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinylbenzaldehyde (I), trans-4-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinylbenzaldehyde (II), trans-4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinylbenzoic acid (III) and (E)-4-(2-(pydridin-4-yl)vinylbenzoic acid (IV) are reported. These compounds were prepared in order to obtain trans-4-((E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl)benzamide-TEMPO (V). Compounds I and II were obtained by using a Knoevenagel reaction in the absence of a condensing agent and solvent. Oxidation of the aldehyde group using the Jones reagent afforded the corresponding acid forms III and IV. A condensation reaction with 4-amino-TEMPO using oxalyl chloride/DMF/CH2Cl2 provided the 4-((E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl)benzamide-TEMPO. Single crystals of compounds I, II and III were obtained and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Compound I belongs to space group P2(1)/c, a = 12.6674(19) Å, b = 7.2173(11) Å, c = 11.5877(14) Å, b = 97.203(13)° and the asymmetric unit was Z = 4, whereas compound II was in the space group P2(1), with a = 3.85728(9) Å, b = 10.62375(19) Å, c = 12.8625(2) Å, b = 91.722 (2)° and the asymmetric unit was Z = 2. Compound III crystallized as single colorless needle crystals, belonging to the monoclinic system with space group P2(1), with Z = 2, with a = 3.89359(7) Å, b = 17.7014(3) Å, c = 8.04530(12) Å, b = 94.4030 (16)°. All compounds were completely characterized by IR, (1)H-NMR, EI-MS and UV-Vis.
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Gutiérrez A, Vázquez R, Moggio I, Arias E, Coreño O, Maldonado J, Ramos-Ortíz G, Rodríguez O, Jiménez-Barrera R. Mechanosynthesis of a phenylenedivinylidenebisquinoline. Optical, morphological and electroluminescence properties. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Segawa H, Fukutake N, Leproux P, Couderc V, Ozawa T, Kano H. Electronically resonant third-order sum frequency generation spectroscopy using a nanosecond white-light supercontinuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:10416-29. [PMID: 24921743 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.010416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Third-order sum frequency generation (TSFG) is one of the third-order nonlinear optical processes, and has the generation mechanism analogous to third harmonic generation (THG). By using a white-light supercontinuum, we can obtain broadband multiplex TSFG spectra. In the present study, we developed an electronically resonant TSFG spectrometer, and applied it to obtain TSFG spectra of hemoproteins. Analyzed TSFG ratio spectra clearly showed the resonant enhancement attributable to the electronic state of hemoproteins. This is a promising method for the imaging of electronic states of molecules inside living cells or tissues.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- William Barford
- Department of Chemistry, Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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14
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Wink C, Detert H. Donor-substituted distyrylpyrazines: influence of steric congestion on UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wink
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14; D-55099; Mainz; Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14; D-55099; Mainz; Germany
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15
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Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Properties of Pyridine-Carbazole Acrylonitrile Derivatives. MATERIALS 2011; 4:562-574. [PMID: 28880006 PMCID: PMC5448495 DOI: 10.3390/ma4030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized three novel highly fluorescent compounds, 2-(2'-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile, 2-(3"-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile, and 2-(4-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile by Knoevenagel condensation. The first two were synthesized without solvent in the presence of piperidine as a catalyst; the third was synthesized without a catalyst and with N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent. In solution, the molar absorption coefficients showed absorptions at 380, 378, and 396 nm, respectively; in solid state, absorptions were at 398, 390, and 442 nm, respectively. The fluorescence emission was at 540, 540 and 604 nm, respectively, the 2-(4-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile showed a red shift in the emission of 64 nm compared to the other two compounds. The fluorescence quantum yield for the compounds in powder form showed values of 0.05, 0.14, and 0.006, respectively; compared with the value measured for the Alq3 reference, 2-(3"-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile had a lightly higher value. The third harmonic generation measurement for 2-(2'-pyridyl)-3-(N-ethyl-(3'-carbazolyl))acrylonitrile yielded a χ(3) value of 5.5 × 10-12 esu, similar to that reported for commercial polymers.
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You J, Yoshida A, Heo JS, Kim HS, Kim HO, Tamada K, Kim E. Protein coverage on polymer nanolayers leading to mesenchymal stem cell patterning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:17625-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Nemkovich N, Detert H, Schmitt V. Localized excitation effect on dipole moments of oligophenylenevinylenes in their excited Franck–Condon state. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Ramos-Ortíz G, Maldonado J, Hernández M, Zolotukhin M, Fomine S, Fröhlich N, Scherf U, Galbrecht F, Preis E, Salmon M, Cárdenas J, Chávez M. Synthesis, characterization and third-order non-linear optical properties of novel fluorene monomers and their cross-conjugated polymers. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Bahtiar A, Koynov K, Mardiyati Y, Hörhold HH, Bubeck C. Slab waveguides of poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s for all-optical switching: impact of side-chain substitution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b908033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Thomas R, Varghese S, Kulkarni GU. The influence of crystal packing on the solid state fluorescence behavior of alkyloxy substituted phenyleneethynylenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b902937k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Campoy-Quiles M, Nelson J, Etchegoin PG, Bradley DDC, Zhokhavets V, Gobsch G, Vaughan H, Monkman A, Ingänas O, Persson NK, Arwin H, Garriga M, Alonso MI, Herrmann G, Becker M, Scholdei W, Jahja M, Bubeck C. On the determination of anisotropy in polymer thin films: A comparative study of optical techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200777835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Bahtiar A, Koynov K, Ahn T, Bubeck C. Molecular Weight Effects in the Third-Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy of Thin Films of the Conjugated Polymer MEH-PPV. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3605-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp077006w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayi Bahtiar
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Taek Ahn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Bubeck
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Zhao L, Mu L, Yang GC, Su ZM, Qin CS, Shao C. Theoretical Study on One- and Two-Photon Absorption Properties of PPV Derivative with Electron-Donor Phenylanthracene as Pendent Group. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Koynov K, Bahtiar A, Ahn T, Cordeiro RM, Hörhold HH, Bubeck C. Molecular Weight Dependence of Chain Orientation and Optical Constants of Thin Films of the Conjugated Polymer MEH-PPV. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0611164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ayi Bahtiar
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Taek Ahn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Rodrigo M. Cordeiro
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hörhold
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Bubeck
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Matsuzaki Y, Nogami A, Tsuda A, Osuka A, Tanaka K. A Theoretical Study on the Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of π-Conjugated Linear Porphyrin Arrays. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4888-99. [PMID: 16599459 DOI: 10.1021/jp0582989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By using the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) theory, the second hyperpolarizabilities (gamma) have been calculated for various pi-conjugated porphyrin arrays including "porphyrin tapes": the meso-beta doubly linked porphyrin array Dn and the meso-meso, beta-beta, beta-beta triply linked array Tn. The validity of the PPP theory is checked via a comparison with both the ab initio Hartree-Fock and the B3LYP theories in the case of porphyrin monomers and dimers. It is found that Dn and especially Tn exhibit much more remarkable evolution of gamma/n along with an increasing number of porphyrin units n compared with the butadiyne-bridged array, Yn. As a result, the static third-order susceptibilities chi((3)) of Dn and Tn are expected to be 1 and 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of Yn in the limit n --> infinity, and these advantages of porphyrin tapes become more prominent by taking into account geometrical relaxations of porphyrin units in the arrays. The structure-property relationship in various conjugated polymers including porphyrin arrays is interpreted on the basis of the scaling behaviors of chi((1)) and chi((3)) with the effective conjugation length (ECL) as well as the reciprocal HOMO-LUMO energy gap (1/E(g)). In particular, from the master plot of chi((3)) (and even chi((1))) versus 1/E(g), the pi-conjugation of Tn is noted to indeed be exceptional, because its large susceptibilities cannot be expected from the scaling behavior of ordinary one-dimensional conjugated systems. We also point out that the theory of scaling relationship, chi((3)) approximately 1/E(g)(x)(), is significantly improved by taking into account electron-electron interactions based on the comparison with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Matsuzaki
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu, Chiba 293-8511, Japan.
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26
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Chalifoux WA, Tykwinski RR. Polyyne synthesis using carbene/carbenoid rearrangements. CHEM REC 2006; 6:169-82. [PMID: 16902994 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rearrangement of a carbene/carbenoid intermediate to form an acetylene moiety, known as the Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell (FBW) rearrangement, was developed for the formation of polyynes and polyyne frameworks within highly conjugated organic materials. Necessary precursors can be prepared through formation of an alkynyl ketone, followed by dibromoolefination under Corey-Fuchs conditions. The carbenoid rearrangement is brought about by treatment of the dibromoolefin with BuLi under mild conditions. The success of these FBW reactions is quite solvent-dependent, and nonpolar hydrocarbon solvents (e.g., hexanes, toluene, benzene) work quite well, while use of ethereal solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran (THF) does not provide the desired polyyne product. This protocol was successfully applied to the formation of silyl, alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl polyynes, including di-, tri-, and tetrayne products, as well as the construction of two-dimensional carbon-rich molecules. A one-pot variant of this procedure is being developed and is particularly applicable toward the synthesis of polyyne natural products. Formation of a series of triisopropylsilyl end-capped polyynes, from the triyne to decayne, was achieved. Third-order nonlinear optical properties of these polyynes were evaluated. This study shows that the molecular second hyperpolarizabilities for the polyynes as a function of length increase at a rate that is higher than all other nonaromatic organic oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley A Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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27
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Fitrilawati F, Renu R, Baskar C, Xu LG, Chan HSO, Valiyaveettil S, Tamada K, Knoll W. Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn and self-assembled films of asymmetrically substituted poly(paraphenylene). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:12146-52. [PMID: 16342986 DOI: 10.1021/la0505667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetrically substituted poly(paraphenylene) (PhPPP) with hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains was investigated. The polymer behavior at the air-water interface was studied on the basis of surface pressure-area (pi-A) isotherms and compression/expansion hysteresis measurements. PhPPP can form stable monolayers with an area per repeat unit of A=0.20+/-0.02 nm2 and a collapse pressure in the range of pi=25 mN/m. Then, Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn (LBK) films of PhPPP were prepared by horizontally and vertically transferring the Langmuir monolayers onto hydrophilic solid substrates at pi=12 mN/m. Cross-section analysis of the AFM tapping-mode topography images of a single transferred monolayer reveals a thickness of d0=0.9+/-0.1 nm. Taking into account the obtained monolayer thickness, curve-fitting calculations of angular scan data of LB monolayers measured using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy lead to a value for the refractive index of n=1.78+/-0.02 at lambda=632.8 nm. Next, the spontaneous formation of a PhPPP monolayer by adsorption from solution was studied ex situ by atomic force microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy and in situ by using SPR spectroscopy. Stable self-assembled monolayers of PhPPP can be formed on hydrophilic surfaces with a thickness similar to that of the monolayer obtained using the LB method. The characterization results confirmed the amphiphilic character and the self-assembly properties of PhPPP, as well as the possibility of preparing homogeneous monolayer and multilayer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fitrilawati
- Departments of Chemistry and of Materials Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
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28
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Koynov K, Bahtiar A, Bubeck C, Mühling B, Meier H. Effect of donor-acceptor substitution on the nonlinear optical properties of oligo(1,4-phenyleneethynylene)s studied by third harmonic generation spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:10184-8. [PMID: 16852234 DOI: 10.1021/jp0508913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Third-harmonic generation (THG) spectroscopy was performed for oligo(1,4-phenyleneethynylene)s (OPEs) with terminal donor-acceptor (DA) substitution and compared to the results of merely donor substituted OPEs and regular OPE chains with 2,5-dipropoxy benzene rings. Both, extension of the conjugation and push-pull effect enhance the molecular hyperpolarizability gamma, even for the DAOPEs, which exhibit a hypsochromic shift of the long-wavelength absorption for increasing length L of the conjugated chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. koynov@ mpip-mainz.mpg.de
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29
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Eisler S, Slepkov AD, Elliott E, Luu T, McDonald R, Hegmann FA, Tykwinski RR. Polyynes as a Model for Carbyne: Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Nonlinear Optical Response. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:2666-76. [PMID: 15725024 DOI: 10.1021/ja044526l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement as a primary synthetic route, a series of conjugated, triisopropylsilyl end-capped polyynes containing 2-10 acetylene units has been assembled. In a few steps, significant quantities of the polyynes are made available, which allow for a thorough analysis of their structural, physical, and optical properties. Molecules in the series have been characterized in detail using (13)C NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, mass spectrometry, and, for four derivatives including octayne 6, X-ray crystallography. UV-vis spectroscopy of the polyynes 1-7 shows a consistent lowering of the HOMO-LUMO gap (E(g)) as a function of the number of acetylene units (n), fitting a power-law relationship of E(g) approximately n(-)(0.379)(+/-)(0.002). The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the polyyne series have been examined, and the nonresonant molecular second hyperpolarizabilities (gamma) increase as a function of length according to the power-law gamma approximately n(4.28)(+/-)(0.13). This result exhibits an exponent that is larger than theoretically predicted for polyynes and higher than is observed for polyenes and polyenynes. The combined linear and nonlinear optical results confirm recent theoretical studies that suggest polyynes as model 1-D conjugated systems. On the basis of UV-vis spectroscopic analysis, the effective conjugation length for this series of polyynes is estimated to be ca. n = 32, providing insight into characteristics of carbyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Eisler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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30
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Slepkov AD, Hegmann FA, Eisler S, Elliott E, Tykwinski RR. The surprising nonlinear optical properties of conjugated polyyne oligomers. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:6807-10. [PMID: 15267578 DOI: 10.1063/1.1707011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyynes represent a unique class of conjugated organic compounds. The third-order nonlinear optical response of polyynes has been extensively modeled theoretically, and it is generally believed that the increase in molecular second hyperpolarizability (gamma) as a function of length for polyynes should be lower than that for polyenes. Experimental evidence to test this prediction, however, has been absent. We have synthesized conjugated polyynes that contain up to 20 consecutive sp-hybridized carbons, and we have determined their nonresonant gamma-values as a function of the number of acetylene repeat units (n). These gamma-values demonstrate a power-law behavior versus n(gamma approximately n(4.28+/-0.13)), with an exponent that is both larger than theoretically predicted for polyynes and substantially higher than that observed for polyenes or polyenynes. Furthermore, no saturation of the linear or nonlinear optical properties is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Slepkov
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J1, Canada
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31
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32
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33
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Schaller RD, Snee PT, Johnson JC, Lee LF, Wilson KR, Haber LH, Saykally RJ, Nguyen TQ, Schwartz BJ. Nanoscopic interchain aggregate domain formation in conjugated polymer films studied by third harmonic generation near-field scanning optical microscopy. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1499479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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34
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Tretiak S, Mukamel S. Density matrix analysis and simulation of electronic excitations in conjugated and aggregated molecules. Chem Rev 2002; 102:3171-212. [PMID: 12222985 DOI: 10.1021/cr0101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Tretiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, New York 14627-0216, USA.
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35
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Meier H, Ickenroth D, Stalmach U, Koynov K, Bahtiar A, Bubeck C. Preparation and Nonlinear Optics of Monodisperse Oligo(1,4-phenyleneethynylene)s. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200112)2001:23<4431::aid-ejoc4431>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Babudri F, Farinola GM, Lopez LC, Martinelli MG, Naso F. A Synthetic Strategy Leading to Monodisperse PPV Oligomers by Coupling Reactions of Vinyltrimethylsilanes. J Org Chem 2001; 66:3878-85. [PMID: 11375010 DOI: 10.1021/jo001795v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the synthesis of well-defined oligo(phenylenevinylene)s was developed. The procedure is entirely based upon two coupling processes, both involving vinyltrimethylsilanes. Bis(styryl)benzenes 2a-g bearing two octyloxy groups in the central aromatic ring and various substituents on the external aromatic rings were prepared in good yield by a regio- and stereoselective coupling reaction of 1 with different arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates. Oligomers with a more extended conjugated system, 4a-c, and with m-phenylene subunits 13a,b, were also readily obtained by conversion of the unsaturated trimethylsilyl derivatives 3a,c,d to the corresponding boron derivatives and a subsequent coupling reaction with compounds 2a and 2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Babudri
- Centro CNR di Studio sulle Metodologie Innovative di Sintesi Organiche, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
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37
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Ogasawara T, Ashida M, Motoyama N, Eisaki H, Uchida S, Tokura Y, Ghosh H, Shukla A, Mazumdar S, Kuwata-Gonokami M. Ultrafast optical nonlinearity in the quasi-one-dimensional mott insulator Sr2CuO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:2204-2207. [PMID: 10970498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report strong instantaneous photoinduced absorption in the quasi-one-dimensional Mott insulator Sr2CuO3 in the IR spectral region. The observed photoinduced absorption is to an even-parity two-photon state that occurs immediately above the absorption edge. Theoretical calculation based on a two-band extended Hubbard model explains the experimental features and indicates that the strong two-photon absorption is due to a very large dipole coupling between nearly degenerate one- and two-photon states. Room temperature picosecond recovery of the optical transparency suggests the strong potential of Sr2CuO3 for all-optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ogasawara
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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38
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Lane P, Mellor H, Martin S, Hagler T, Bleyer A, Bradley D. Electroabsorption spectroscopy of distyrylbenzene derivatives. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(00)00146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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40
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Measurement of the nonlinear refractive index n2 of electronically excited terthiophene. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Beljonne D, Shuai Z, Cornil J, dos Santos DA, Brédas JL. On the nature of electronic excitations in poly(paraphenylenevinylene): A quantum-chemical investigation. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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42
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Measurement of the S0–T1 energy gap in poly(2-methoxy,5-(2′-ethyl-hexoxy)–p-phenylenevinylene) by triplet–triplet energy transfer. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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44
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Yang CJ, Jenekhe SA, Meth JS, Vanherzeele H. Probing Structure−Property Relationships in Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Polymers: Third Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy and Theoretical Modeling of Systematically Derivatized Conjugated Aromatic Polyimines. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ie970581+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Simonsen KB, Geisler T, Petersen JC, Arentoft J, Sommer-Larsen P, Greve DR, Jakobsen C, Becher J, Malagoli M, Brédas JL, Bjørnholm T. Bis(1,3-dithiole) Polymethine Dyes for Third-Order Nonlinear Optics – Synthesis, Electronic Structure, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Structure-Property Relations. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199812)1998:12<2747::aid-ejoc2747>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Tykwinski RR, Gubler U, Martin RE, Diederich F, Bosshard C, Günter P. Structure−Property Relationships in Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Chromophores. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980829o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Nonlinear Optics Laboratory, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Gubler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Nonlinear Optics Laboratory, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer E. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Nonlinear Optics Laboratory, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Nonlinear Optics Laboratory, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Bosshard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Nonlinear Optics Laboratory, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Günter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada, Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland, and Nonlinear Optics Laboratory, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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47
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Rohlfing F, Bradley D. Non-linear stark effect in polyazomethine and poly(p-phenylene-vinylene): The interconnection of chemical and electronic structure. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(97)00278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Takahashi M, Tsuchida E, Nishide H, Takahashi M, Yamada S, Matsuda H, Nakanishi H. Optical nonlinearity of an open-shell and degenerate π-conjugated polymer: poly(4-oxyphenyl-1,2-phenylenevinylene) radical. Chem Commun (Camb) 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/a705028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Tretiak S, Chernyak V, Mukamel S. Chemical Bonding and Size-Scaling of Nonlinear Polarizabilities of Conjugated Polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:4656-4659. [PMID: 10062593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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50
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Tretiak S, Chernyak V, Mukamel S. Recursive density‐matrix‐spectral‐moment algorithm for molecular nonlinear polarizabilities. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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