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Berlin A, Trickle T. Absorption of Axion Dark Matter in a Magnetized Medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:181801. [PMID: 38759193 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Detection of axion dark matter heavier than an meV is hindered by its small wavelength, which limits the useful volume of traditional experiments. This problem can be avoided by directly detecting in-medium excitations, whose ∼meV-eV energies are decoupled from the detector size. We show that for any target inside a magnetic field, the absorption rate of electromagnetically coupled axions into in-medium excitations is determined by the dielectric function. As a result, the plethora of candidate targets previously identified for sub-GeV dark matter searches can be repurposed as broadband axion detectors. We find that a kg yr exposure with noise levels comparable to recent measurements is sufficient to probe parameter space currently unexplored by laboratory tests. Noise reduction by only a few orders of magnitude can enable sensitivity to the QCD axion in the ∼10 meV-10 eV mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Berlin
- Theoretical Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Tanner Trickle
- Theoretical Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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2
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Das A, Kurinsky N, Leane RK. Dark Matter Induced Power in Quantum Devices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:121801. [PMID: 38579214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
We point out that power measurements of single quasiparticle devices open a new avenue to detect dark matter (DM). The threshold of these devices is set by the Cooper pair binding energy, and is therefore so low that they can detect DM as light as about an MeV incoming from the Galactic halo, as well as the low-velocity thermalized DM component potentially present in the Earth. Using existing power measurements with these new devices, as well as power measurements with SuperCDMS-CPD, we set new constraints on the spin-independent DM scattering cross section for DM masses from about 10 MeV to 10 GeV. We outline future directions to improve sensitivity to both halo DM and a thermalized DM population in the Earth using power deposition in quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Das
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Noah Kurinsky
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94035, USA
| | - Rebecca K Leane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94035, USA
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Gu Y, Wu L, Zhu B. Detection of inelastic dark matter via electron recoils in SENSEI. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.075004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Liu CP, Wu CP, Chen JW, Chi HC, Pandey MK, Singh L, Wong HT. Spin-dependent dark matter-electron interactions. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.063003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kahn Y, Lin T. Searches for light dark matter using condensed matter systems. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:066901. [PMID: 35313296 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5f63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the nature of dark matter (DM) has long been a pressing question for particle physics. In the face of ever-more-powerful exclusions and null results from large-exposure searches for TeV-scale DM interacting with nuclei, a significant amount of attention has shifted to lighter (sub-GeV) DM candidates. Direct detection of the light DM in our galaxy by observing DM scattering off a target system requires new approaches compared to prior searches. Lighter DM particles have less available kinetic energy, and achieving a kinematic match between DM and the target mandates the proper treatment of collective excitations in condensed matter systems, such as charged quasiparticles or phonons. In this context, the condensed matter physics of the target material is crucial, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach. In this review, we provide a self-contained introduction to direct detection of keV-GeV DM with condensed matter systems. We give a brief survey of DM models and basics of condensed matter, while the bulk of the review deals with the theoretical treatment of DM-nucleon and DM-electron interactions. We also review recent experimental developments in detector technology, and conclude with an outlook for the field of sub-GeV DM detection over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Kahn
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Tongyan Lin
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
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Hochberg Y, von Krosigk B, Kuflik E, Yu TC. Impact of Dark Compton Scattering on Direct Dark Matter Absorption Searches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:191801. [PMID: 35622031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Direct detection experiments are gaining in mass reach. Here we show that the inclusion of dark Compton scattering, which has typically been neglected in absorption searches, has a substantial impact on the reach and discovery potential of direct detection experiments at high bosonic cold dark matter masses. We demonstrate this for relic dark photons and axionlike particles: we improve expected reach across materials, and further use results from SuperCDMS, EDELWEISS, and GERDA to place enhanced limits on dark matter parameter space. We outline the implications for detector design and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonit Hochberg
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Belina von Krosigk
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric Kuflik
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - To Chin Yu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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7
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Hochberg Y, Kahn Y, Kurinsky N, Lehmann BV, Yu TC, Berggren KK. Determining Dark-Matter-Electron Scattering Rates from the Dielectric Function. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:151802. [PMID: 34678036 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We show that the rate for dark-matter-electron scattering in an arbitrary material is determined by an experimentally measurable quantity, the complex dielectric function, for any dark matter interaction that couples to electron density. This formulation automatically includes many-body effects, eliminates all systematic theoretical uncertainties on the electronic wave functions, and allows a direct calibration of the spectrum by electromagnetic probes such as infrared spectroscopy, x-ray scattering, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Our formalism applies for several common benchmark models, including spin-independent interactions through scalar and vector mediators of arbitrary mass. We discuss the consequences for standard semiconductor and superconductor targets and find that the true reach of superconductor detectors for light mediators exceeds previous estimates by several orders of magnitude, with further enhancements possible due to the low-energy tail of the plasmon. Using a heavy-fermion superconductor as an example, we show how our formulation allows a rapid and systematic investigation of novel electron scattering targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonit Hochberg
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yonatan Kahn
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Noah Kurinsky
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Benjamin V Lehmann
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - To Chin Yu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Karl K Berggren
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Dvorkin C, Lin T, Schutz K. Cosmology of Sub-MeV Dark Matter Freeze-In. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:111301. [PMID: 34558939 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dark matter (DM) could be a relic of freeze-in through a light mediator, where the DM is produced by extremely feeble, IR-dominated processes in the thermal standard model plasma. In the simplest viable models with DM lighter than 1 MeV, the DM has a small effective electric charge and is born with a nonthermal phase-space distribution. This DM candidate would cause observable departures from standard cosmological evolution. In this work, we combine data from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), Lyman-α forest, quasar lensing, stellar streams, and Milky Way satellite abundances to set limits on freeze-in DM masses up to ∼20 keV, with the exact constraint depending on whether the DM thermalizes in its own sector. We perform forecasts for the CMB-S4 experiment, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array, and the Vera Rubin Observatory, finding that freeze-in DM masses up to ∼80 keV can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Dvorkin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Tongyan Lin
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Katelin Schutz
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics & McGill Space Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2T8, Canada
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