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Di Luzio L, Galan J, Giannotti M, Irastorza IG, Jaeckel J, Lindner A, Ruz J, Schneekloth U, Sohl L, Thormaehlen LJ, Vogel JK. Probing the axion-nucleon coupling with the next generation of axion helioscopes. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2022; 82:120. [PMID: 35210937 PMCID: PMC8827404 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A finite axion-nucleon coupling, nearly unavoidable for QCD axions, leads to the production of axions via the thermal excitation and subsequent de-excitation of 57 Fe isotopes in the sun. We revise the solar bound on this flux adopting the up to date emission rate, and investigate the sensitivity of the proposed International Axion Observatory IAXO and its intermediate stage BabyIAXO to detect these axions. We compare different realistic experimental options and discuss the model dependence of the signal. Already BabyIAXO has sensitivity far beyond previous solar axion searches via the nucleon coupling and IAXO can improve on this by more than an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Luzio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘G. Galilei’, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Javier Galan
- Center for Astroparticles and High Energy Physics (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maurizio Giannotti
- Physical Sciences, Barry University, 11300 NE 2nd Ave., Miami Shores, FL 33161 USA
| | - Igor G. Irastorza
- Center for Astroparticles and High Energy Physics (CAPA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joerg Jaeckel
- Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Lindner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jaime Ruz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Uwe Schneekloth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Sohl
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lennert J. Thormaehlen
- Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia K. Vogel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
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Dent JB, Dutta B, Jastram A, Kim D, Kubik A, Mahapatra R, Rajendran S, Ramani H, Thompson A, Verma S. Pathfinder for a high statistics search for missing energy in gamma cascades. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.015030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Massarczyk R, Chu PH, Elliott S. Axion emission from nuclear magnetic dipole transitions. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.015031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bhusal A, Houston N, Li T. Searching for Solar Axions Using Data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:091601. [PMID: 33750180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.091601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We explore a novel detection possibility for solar axions, which relies only on their couplings to nucleons, via the axion-induced dissociation of deuterons into their constituent neutrons and protons. An opportune target for this process is the now-concluded Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) experiment, which relied upon large quantities of heavy water to resolve the solar neutrino problem. From the full SNO dataset we exclude in a model-independent fashion isovector axion-nucleon couplings |g_{aN}^{3}|≡1/2|g_{an}-g_{ap}|>2×10^{-5} GeV^{-1} at 95% C.L. for sub-MeV axion masses, covering previously unexplored regions of the axion parameter space. In the absence of a precise cancellation between g_{an} and g_{ap} this result also exceeds comparable constraints from other laboratory experiments, and excludes regions of the parameter space for which astrophysical constraints from SN1987A and neutron star cooling are inapplicable due to axion trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aagaman Bhusal
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nick Houston
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tianjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Dent JB, Dutta B, Newstead JL, Thompson A. Inverse Primakoff Scattering as a Probe of Solar Axions at Liquid Xenon Direct Detection Experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:131805. [PMID: 33034508 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.131805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that XENON1T and future liquid xenon (LXe) direct detection experiments are sensitive to axions through the standard g_{aγ}aFF[over ˜] operators due to inverse-Primakoff scattering. This previously neglected channel significantly improves the sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling, with a reach extending to g_{aγ}∼10^{-10} GeV^{-1} for axion masses up to a keV, thereby extending into the region of heavier QCD axion models. This result modifies the couplings required to explain the XENON1T excess in terms of solar axions, opening a large region of g_{aγ}-m_{a} parameter space that is not ruled out by the CAST helioscope experiment and reducing the tension with the astrophysical constraints. We explore the sensitivity to solar axions for future generations of LXe detectors that can exceed future helioscope experiments, such as IAXO, for a large region of parameter space.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Dent
- Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341, USA
| | - Bhaskar Dutta
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Jayden L Newstead
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Adrian Thompson
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Dent JB, Dutta B, Kim D, Liao S, Mahapatra R, Sinha K, Thompson A. New Directions for Axion Searches via Scattering at Reactor Neutrino Experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:211804. [PMID: 32530700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.211804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Searches for pseudoscalar axionlike-particles (ALPs) typically rely on their decay in beam dumps or their conversion into photons in haloscopes and helioscopes. We point out a new experimental direction for ALP probes via their production by the intense gamma ray flux available from megawatt-scale nuclear reactors at neutrino experiments through Primakoff-like or Compton-like channels. Low-threshold detectors in close proximity to the core will have visibility to ALP decays and inverse Primakoff and Compton scattering, providing sensitivity to the ALP-photon and ALP-electron couplings. We find that the sensitivity to these couplings at the ongoing MINER and various other reactor based neutrino experiments, e.g., CONNIE, CONUS, ν-cleus, etc., exceeds existing limits set by laboratory experiments and, for the ALP-electron coupling, we forecast the world's best laboratory-based constraints over a large portion of the sub-MeV ALP mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Dent
- Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341, USA
| | - Bhaskar Dutta
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Doojin Kim
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Shu Liao
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Rupak Mahapatra
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Kuver Sinha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Adrian Thompson
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
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Benato G, Drobizhev A, Rajendran S, Ramani H. Invisible decay modes in nuclear gamma cascades. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.035025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Horvat R, Krčmar M, Lakić B. Recent searches for solar axions and large extra dimensions. Int J Clin Exp Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.65.087701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Minowa M, Inoue Y, Asanuma T, Imamura M. Invisible axion search in 139La M1 transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:4120-4123. [PMID: 10055161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Haxton WC, Lee KY. Red-giant evolution, metallicity, and new bounds on hadronic axions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 66:2557-2560. [PMID: 10043553 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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