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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque IFM, Allekotte I, Allison P, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Aramo C, Arqueros F, Arsene N, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Avila G, Awal N, Badescu AM, Baus C, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blaess SG, Blanco A, Blanco M, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Brack J, Brancus I, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Brogueira P, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Candusso M, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez AG, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chudoba J, Cilmo M, Clay RW, Cocciolo G, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper MJ, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault CE, Cronin J, Dallier R, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Diaz JC, Díaz Castro ML, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D'Olivo JC, Dorofeev A, Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar CO, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferguson AP, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fratu O, Freire MM, Fujii T, García B, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glaser C, Glass H, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Griffith N, Grillo AF, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison TA, Hartmann S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve AE, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huber D, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar PG, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Johnsen JA, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert KH, Kasper P, Katkov I, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kunka N, Kuotb Awad AW, LaHurd D, Latronico L, Lauer R, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Le Coz S, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Louedec K, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mallamaci M, Maller J, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Martraire D, Masías Meza JJ, Mathes HJ, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Meissner R, Mello VBB, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Micheletti MI, Middendorf L, Minaya IA, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura CA, Muller MA, Müller G, Müller S, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nguyen PH, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Núñez LA, Ochilo L, Oikonomou F, Olinto A, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Petrov Y, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porcelli A, Porowski C, Prado RR, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Reinert D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Rogozin D, Rosado J, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Scarso C, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto SJ, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sonntag S, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Srivastava YN, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suarez Durán M, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Taborda OA, Tapia A, Tepe A, Theodoro VM, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto CJ, Toma G, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torralba Elipe G, Torres Machado D, Travnicek P, Trini M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van Bodegom P, van den Berg AM, van Velzen S, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vasquez R, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vlcek B, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson AA, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Welling C, Werner F, Widom A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yang L, Yapici T, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:241101. [PMID: 27367377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.241101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8±0.7(stat)±6.7(syst) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principles calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - E J Ahn
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - I Al Samarai
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - I F M Albuquerque
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P Allison
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Almela
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Alvarez Castillo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Ambrosio
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Aminaei
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - F Arqueros
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Arsene
- University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - H Asorey
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Aublin
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N Awal
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Baus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J J Beatty
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - K H Becker
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Berat
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Billoir
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S G Blaess
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Blanco
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Blanco
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - I Brancus
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Bridgeman
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Brogueira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Buscemi
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - B Caccianiga
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - L Caccianiga
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M Candusso
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - L Caramete
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Caruso
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Cester
- Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - A G Chavez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - A Chiavassa
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Cilmo
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G Cocciolo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - R Colalillo
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - L Collica
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - M R Coluccia
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Cooper
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Cordier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S Coutu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Cronin
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R Dallier
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Nançay, France
| | - B Daniel
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Del Peral
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Deligny
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - N Dhital
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - C Di Giulio
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - A Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J C Diaz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - M L Díaz Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Diogo
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W Docters
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - A Dorofeev
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Erfani
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Espadanal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - K Fang
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - A P Ferguson
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filevich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - O Fratu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR) - CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - D Garcia-Gamez
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - F Gate
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - U Giaccari
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Giammarchi
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - M Giller
- University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - D Głas
- University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - C Glaser
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Glass
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Gookin
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Gordon
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - P Gorham
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - P Gouffon
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Griffith
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A F Grillo
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - F Guarino
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - T A Harrison
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Hartmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Harton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Heimann
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A E Herve
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - N Hollon
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - E Holt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Homola
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - D Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Huege
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - I Jandt
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Jansen
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Jarne
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - M Josebachuili
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O Kambeitz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P Kasper
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - I Katkov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M Kieckhafer
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - R Krause
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Krohm
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Kuempel
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - N Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A W Kuotb Awad
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - L Latronico
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - R Lauer
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - M Lauscher
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Lautridou
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S Le Coz
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D Lebrun
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - P Lebrun
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - K Link
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A López Casado
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - K Louedec
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Malacari
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Mallamaci
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - J Maller
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - V Marin
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - I C Mariş
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - G Marsella
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | | | - D Martraire
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - J J Masías Meza
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Mathys
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - D Maurizio
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Mayotte
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | | | - C Medina
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - R Meissner
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - V B B Mello
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Messina
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR) - CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Middendorf
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - I A Minaya
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Miramonti
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - B Mitrica
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C A Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - G Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Müller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Navas
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - P Necesal
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - A Nelles
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Neuser
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P H Nguyen
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - L Niemietz
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Niggemann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - L Ochilo
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - F Oikonomou
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Olinto
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - N Pacheco
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Pakk Selmi-Dei
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - T Paul
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA- IPN), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - I M Pepe
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - L Perrone
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - E Petermann
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - C Peters
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Petrera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (INFN), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Y Petrov
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Phuntsok
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Piegaia
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Pieroni
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Plum
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Porowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R R Prado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E J Quel
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Quinn
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O Ravel
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Reinert
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - B Revenu
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | - D Rogozin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Rosado
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Saleh
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - G Salina
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - E Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - B Sarkar
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - C Scarso
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Schauer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - V Scherini
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Schulz
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J Schumacher
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Segreto
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
| | - M Settimo
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Shadkam
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O Sima
- University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - R Šmída
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G R Snow
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S Sonntag
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - J Sorokin
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | | | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Stephan
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Stutz
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F Suarez
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Suarez Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J Swain
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - O A Taborda
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Tapia
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Tepe
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - V M Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Toma
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - L Tomankova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Tonachini
- Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Torres Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Trini
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Urban
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J F Valdés Galicia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - I Valiño
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Valore
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - G van Aar
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - P van Bodegom
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A M van den Berg
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - S van Velzen
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A van Vliet
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - B Vargas Cárdenas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - G Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - R Vasquez
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J R Vázquez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R A Vázquez
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Verzi
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Videla
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Villaseñor
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - B Vlcek
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Vorobiov
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - O Wainberg
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Walz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Weidenhaupt
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Welling
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Werner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Widom
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Wykes
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L Yang
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Yapici
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - A Yushkov
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - E Zas
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - B Zimmermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Ziolkowski
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - F Zuccarello
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
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