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Figueroa DG, Florio A, Torrenti F. Present and future ofCosmoLattice. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:094901. [PMID: 38986458 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad616a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
We discuss the present state and planned updates ofCosmoLattice, a cutting-edge code for lattice simulations of non-linear dynamics of scalar-gauge field theories in an expanding background. We first review the current capabilities of the code, including the simulation of interacting singlet scalars and of Abelian and non-Abelian scalar-gauge theories. We also comment on new features recently implemented, such as the simulation of gravitational waves from scalar and gauge fields. Secondly, we discuss new extensions ofCosmoLatticethat we plan to release publicly. We comment on new physics modules, which include axion-gauge interactionsϕFF~, non-minimal gravitational couplingsϕ2R, creation and evolution of cosmic-defect networks, and magnetohydrodynamics. We also discuss new technical features, including evolvers for non-canonical interactions, arbitrary initial conditions, simulations in 2+1 dimensions, and higher-accuracy spatial derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Figueroa
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universitat de València, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrien Florio
- Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, United States of America
| | - Francisco Torrenti
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universitat de València, 46980 Valencia, Spain
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2
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Cui Y, Saha P, Sfakianakis EI. Gravitational Wave Symphony from Oscillating Spectator Scalar Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:021004. [PMID: 39073926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.021004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
We investigate a generic source of stochastic gravitational wave background due to the parametric resonance of oscillating scalar fields in the early Universe. By systematically analyzing benchmark models through lattice simulations and considering a wide range of parameters, we demonstrate that such a scenario can lead to detectable signals in gravitational wave detectors over a broad frequency range and potentially address the recent findings by pulsar timing array experiments. Furthermore, these models naturally yield ultralight dark matter candidates or dark radiation detectable by cosmic microwave background observatories.
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Butera S, Carusotto I. Numerical Studies of Back Reaction Effects in an Analog Model of Cosmological Preheating. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:241501. [PMID: 37390448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.241501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically propose an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate as an analog model of backreaction effects during the preheating stage of the early Universe. In particular, we address the out-of-equilibrium dynamics where the initially excited inflaton field decays by parametrically exciting the matter fields. We consider a two-dimensional, ring-shaped BEC under a tight transverse confinement whose transverse breathing mode and the Goldstone and dipole excitation branches simulate the inflaton and quantum matter fields, respectively. A strong excitation of the breathing mode leads to an exponentially growing emission of dipole and Goldstone excitations via parametric pair creation: Our numerical simulations of the BEC dynamics show how the associated backreaction effect results not only in an effective friction of the breathing mode, but also in a quick loss of longitudinal spatial coherence of the initially in-phase excitations. Implications of this result on the validity of the usual semiclassical description of backreaction are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Butera
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Iacopo Carusotto
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, INO-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Trento, Italy
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4
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Lozanov KD, Takhistov V. Enhanced Gravitational Waves from Inflaton Oscillons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:181002. [PMID: 37204914 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.181002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In broad classes of inflationary models the period of accelerated expansion is followed by fragmentation of the inflaton scalar field into localized, long-lived, and massive oscillon excitations. We demonstrate that matter dominance of oscillons, followed by their rapid decay, significantly enhances the primordial gravitational wave (GW) spectrum. These oscillon-induced GWs, sourced by second-order perturbations, are distinct and could be orders of magnitude lower in frequency than the previously considered GWs associated with oscillon formation. We show that detectable oscillon-induced GW signatures establish direct tests independent from cosmic microwave background radiation for regions of parameter space of monodromy, and logarithmic and pure natural (plateau) potential classes of inflationary models, among others. We demonstrate that oscillon-induced GWs in a model based on pure natural inflation could be directly observable with the Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, and DECIGO. These signatures offer a new route for probing the underlying inflationary physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaloian D Lozanov
- Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Volodymyr Takhistov
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP, WPI), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Theory Center, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
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Caldwell R, Cui Y, Guo HK, Mandic V, Mariotti A, No JM, Ramsey-Musolf MJ, Sakellariadou M, Sinha K, Wang LT, White G, Zhao Y, An H, Bian L, Caprini C, Clesse S, Cline JM, Cusin G, Fornal B, Jinno R, Laurent B, Levi N, Lyu KF, Martinez M, Miller AL, Redigolo D, Scarlata C, Sevrin A, Haghi BSE, Shu J, Siemens X, Steer DA, Sundrum R, Tamarit C, Weir DJ, Xie KP, Yang FW, Zhou S. Detection of early-universe gravitational-wave signatures and fundamental physics. GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION 2022; 54:156. [PMID: 36465478 PMCID: PMC9712380 DOI: 10.1007/s10714-022-03027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Detection of a gravitational-wave signal of non-astrophysical origin would be a landmark discovery, potentially providing a significant clue to some of our most basic, big-picture scientific questions about the Universe. In this white paper, we survey the leading early-Universe mechanisms that may produce a detectable signal-including inflation, phase transitions, topological defects, as well as primordial black holes-and highlight the connections to fundamental physics. We review the complementarity with collider searches for new physics, and multimessenger probes of the large-scale structure of the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Yanou Cui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Huai-Ke Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Vuk Mandic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Alberto Mariotti
- Theoretische Natuurkunde and IIHE/ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and International Solvay Institutes, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jose Miguel No
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 13- 15, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf
- Tsung Dao Lee Institute/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200120 People’s Republic of China
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | | | - Kuver Sinha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA
| | - Lian-Tao Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Graham White
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Haipeng An
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ligong Bian
- Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chiara Caprini
- Theoretical Physics Department, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- CERN, Theoretical Physics Department, 1 Esplanade des Particules, 1211 Genève 23, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Clesse
- Service de Physique Théorique (CP225), University of Brussels (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - James M. Cline
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A2T8 Canada
| | - Giulia Cusin
- Theoretical Physics Department, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bartosz Fornal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161 USA
| | - Ryusuke Jinno
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 13- 15, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A2T8 Canada
| | - Noam Levi
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Kun-Feng Lyu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Mario Martinez
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and ICREA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew L. Miller
- Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Diego Redigolo
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Scarlata
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Alexander Sevrin
- Theoretische Natuurkunde and IIHE/ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and International Solvay Institutes, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barmak Shams Es Haghi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Jing Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Insitute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
- School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024 People’s Republic of China
- International Center for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, Beijing, Hanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xavier Siemens
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Danièle A. Steer
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Carlos Tamarit
- Physik-Department T70, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David J. Weir
- Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ke-Pan Xie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Feng-Wei Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Siyi Zhou
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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Cyncynates D, Simon O, Thompson JO, Weiner ZJ. Nonperturbative structure in coupled axion sectors and implications for direct detection. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.083503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Joana C. Gravitational dynamics in Higgs inflation: Preinflation and preheating with an auxiliary field. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.023504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Litsa A, Freese K, Sfakianakis EI, Stengel P, Visinelli L. Large density perturbations from reheating to standard model particles due to the dynamics of the Higgs boson during inflation. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.123546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gálvez Ghersi JT, Stein LC. Numerical renormalization-group-based approach to secular perturbation theory. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:034219. [PMID: 34654117 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.034219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Perturbation theory is a crucial tool for many physical systems, when exact solutions are not available, or nonperturbative numerical solutions are intractable. Naive perturbation theory often fails on long timescales, leading to secularly growing solutions. These divergences have been treated with a variety of techniques, including the powerful dynamical renormalization group (DRG). Most of the existing DRG approaches rely on having analytic solutions up to some order in perturbation theory. However, sometimes the equations can only be solved numerically. We reformulate the DRG in the language of differential geometry, which allows us to apply it to numerical solutions of the background and perturbation equations. This formulation also enables us to use the DRG in systems with background parameter flows and, therefore, extend our results to any order in perturbation theory. As an example, we apply this method to calculate the soliton-like solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation deformed by adding a small damping term. We numerically construct DRG solutions which are valid on secular timescales, long after naive perturbation theory has broken down.
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Affiliation(s)
- José T Gálvez Ghersi
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Leo C Stein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Arvanitaki A, Dimopoulos S, Galanis M, Lehner L, Thompson JO, Van Tilburg K. Large-misalignment mechanism for the formation of compact axion structures: Signatures from the QCD axion to fuzzy dark matter. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.083014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Smith TL, Poulin V, Amin MA. Oscillating scalar fields and the Hubble tension: A resolution with novel signatures. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.063523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Musoke N, Hotchkiss S, Easther R. Lighting the Dark: Evolution of the Postinflationary Universe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:061301. [PMID: 32109108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.061301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In simple inflationary cosmological scenarios, the near-exponential growth can be followed by a long period in which the Universe is dominated by the oscillating inflaton condensate. The condensate is initially almost homogeneous, but perturbations grow gravitationally, eventually fragmenting the condensate if it is not disrupted more quickly by resonance or prompt reheating. We show that the gravitational fragmentation of the condensate is well-described by the Schrödinger-Poisson equations and use numerical solutions to show that large overdensities form quickly after the onset of nonlinearity. This is the first exploration of this phase of nonlinear dynamics in the very early Universe, which can affect the detailed form of the inflationary power spectrum and the dark matter fraction when the dark sector is directly coupled to the inflaton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Musoke
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shaun Hotchkiss
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Easther
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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Correa RAC, de Souza Dutra A, Frederico T, Malomed BA, Oliveira O, Sawado N. Creating oscillons and oscillating kinks in two scalar field theories. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:103124. [PMID: 31675835 DOI: 10.1063/1.5120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oscillons are time-dependent, localized in space, extremely long-lived states in nonlinear scalar-field models, while kinks are topological solitons in one spatial dimension. In the present work, we show new classes of oscillons and oscillating kinks in a system of two nonlinearly coupled scalar fields in 1+1 spatiotemporal dimensions. The solutions contain a control parameter, the variation of which produces oscillons and kinks with a flat-top shape. The model finds applications in condensed matter, cosmology, and high-energy physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A C Correa
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), via Bonomea, 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - A de Souza Dutra
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Guaratingueta, 12516-410 Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil
| | - T Frederico
- ITA-Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 12228-900 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - O Oliveira
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N Sawado
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Sang Y, Huang QG. Stochastic gravitational-wave background from axion-monodromy oscillons in string theory during preheating. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.063516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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