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Chowdhury M, Esteban DA, Amin R, Román-Freijeiro C, Rösch EL, Etzkorn M, Schilling M, Ludwig F, Bals S, Salgueiriño V, Lak A. Organic Molecular Glues to Design Three-Dimensional Cubic Nano-assemblies of Magnetic Nanoparticles. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:6865-6876. [PMID: 39070672 PMCID: PMC11270742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled magnetic nanoparticles offer next-generation materials that allow harnessing of their physicochemical properties for many applications. However, how three-dimensional nanoassemblies of magnetic nanoparticles can be synthesized in one-pot synthesis without excessive postsynthesis processes is still a bottleneck. Here, we propose a panel of small organic molecules that glue nanoparticle crystallites during the growth of particles to form large nanoassembled nanoparticles (NANs). We find that both carbonyl and carboxyl functional groups, presenting in benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, respectively, are needed to anchor with metal ions, while aromatic rings are needed to create NANs through π-π stacking. When benzyl alcohol, lacking carbonyl and carboxyl groups, is employed, no NANs are formed. NANs formed by benzoic acid reveal a unique combination of high magnetization and coercivity, whereas NANs formed by benzaldehyde show the largest exchange bias reported in nanoparticles. Surprisingly, our NANs show unconventional colloidal stability due to their unique nanoporous architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Suman Chowdhury
- Institute
for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering
and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | | | - Rabia Amin
- Institute
for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering
and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | | | - Enja Laureen Rösch
- Institute
for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering
and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Markus Etzkorn
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 2, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Meinhard Schilling
- Institute
for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering
and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Frank Ludwig
- Institute
for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering
and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT,
University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
| | - Verónica Salgueiriño
- CINBIO,
Universidade de Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Universidade
de Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Aidin Lak
- Institute
for Electrical Measurement Science and Fundamental Electrical Engineering
and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
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2
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Rosenberg M, Kantorovich SS, Ivanov AO, Camp PJ. Structure and dynamics in suspensions of magnetic platelets. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10250-10261. [PMID: 38713488 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In this research, we employ Brownian dynamics simulations, density functional theory, and mean-field theory to explore the profound influence of shape anisotropy of magnetic nanoplatelets on suspension magnetic response. Each platelet is modelled as an oblate cylinder with a longitudinal point dipole, with an emphasis on strong dipolar interactions conducive to self-assembly. We investigate static structural and magnetic properties, characterising the system through pair distribution function, static structure factor, and cluster-size distribution. The findings demonstrate that shape-specific interactions and clustering lead to significant changes in reorientational relaxation times. Under zero field, distinctive modes in the dynamic magnetic susceptibility identify individual particles and particle clusters. In the presence of an applied field, the characteristic relaxation time of clusters increases, while that of single particles decreases. This research provides insights into the intricate interplay between shape anisotropy, clustering, and magnetic response in platelet suspensions, offering valuable perspectives for recent experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Rosenberg
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Kolingasse 14-16, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Research Platform MMM, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia S Kantorovich
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Kolingasse 14-16, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Research Platform MMM, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexey O Ivanov
- Ural Federal University, Lenin Avenue 51, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
| | - Philip J Camp
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, UK
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3
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Poperechny IS. Superparamagnetic effects in the linear magnetic response of polydisperse ensembles of nanoparticles suspended in a fluid. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044601. [PMID: 38755891 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Within a kinetic theory, the linear magnetic response of uniaxial single-domain particles suspended in a fluid is analyzed. The main qualitatively different types of frequency dependence of the longitudinal dynamic magnetic susceptibility of such particles are described. It is shown that superparamagnetic (related to orientation thermal fluctuations of the magnetic moment inside a particle) peculiarities of the response of a particle to a probing magnetic field are not fully determined by the ratio of anisotropy energy to thermal energy when a stationary bias field is applied. For a case where the indicated ratio is much greater than one, a simple approximate expression for the dynamic magnetic susceptibility of a particle is proposed. The developed approach is extended to polydisperse suspensions of noninteracting uniaxial nanoparticles. It is shown that polydispersity does not vanish away specific superparamagnetic features in the dynamic magnetic response of such systems. Quantitative estimates of the corresponding effects are performed in different frequency ranges of the applied field. It is demonstrated that under certain restrictions on the disperse composition of a suspension, the internal diffusion of the magnetic moment can lead to a splitting of the absorption spectrum of the system. The significant role of the bias field is revealed. In particular, it can cause an additional absorption maximum provided the particle-size distribution meets the outlined condition. Also, it enables one to assess how important it is to take into account superparamagnetism of particles: the effect of the biasing is stronger for particles with smaller anisotropy and thereby more pronounced superparamagnetic properties. A qualitative agreement of some of the inferences with the experimental data is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Poperechny
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch, Perm 614018, Russia and Perm State National Research University, Perm 614068, Russia
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4
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Nikitin AA, Prishchepa AV, Rytov RA, Chekhonin VP, Abakumov MA. Unveiling the Role of the Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Low-Frequency Magneto-Mechanical Actuation of Biomolecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9112-9117. [PMID: 37792541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the properties of magnetic nanoparticles in the remote magneto-mechanical actuation of biomolecules under the influence of external magnetic fields is still of particular interest. Here, a specially designed strategy based on the mechanical destruction of short oligonucleotide duplexes is used to demonstrate the effect of magnetic nanoparticles with different sizes (5-99 nm) on the magnitude of the magneto-mechanical actuations in a low-frequency alternating magnetic field. The results show that the mechanical destruction of complementary chains of duplexes, caused by the rotational-vibrational movements of nanoparticles upon exposure to a magnetic field, has a nonmonotonic dependence on the nanoparticle core size. The main hypothesis of this phenomenon is associated with a key role of magneto-dipole interactions between individual nanoparticles, which blocks the movements of nanoparticles in dense clusters. This result will allow fine-tuning of the magnetic nanoparticle properties for addressing specific magneto-mechanical tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey A Nikitin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Moscow 119049, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasiia V Prishchepa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Ruslan A Rytov
- Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, IZMIRAN, 142190 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Maxim A Abakumov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Moscow 119049, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Singh R, Pathak S, Jain K, Noorjahan, Kim SK. Correlating the Dipolar Interactions Induced Magneto-Viscoelasticity and Thermal Conductivity Enhancements in Nanomagnetic Fluids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205741. [PMID: 37246272 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effective thermal management of electronic system holds the key to maximize their performance. The recent miniaturization trends require a cooling system with high heat flux capacity, localized cooling, and active control. Nanomagnetic fluids (NMFs) based cooling systems have the ability to meet the current demand of the cooling system for the miniaturized electronic system. However, the thermal characteristics of NMFs have a long way to go before the internal mechanisms are well understood. This review mainly focuses on the three aspects to establish a correlation between the thermal and rheological properties of the NMFs. First, the background, stability, and factors affecting the properties of the NMFs are discussed. Second, the ferrohydrodynamic equations are introduced for the NMFs to explain the rheological behavior and relaxation mechanism. Finally, different theoretical and experimental models are summarized that explain the thermal characteristics of the NMFs. Thermal characteristics of the NMFs are significantly affected by the morphology and composition of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in NMFs as well as the type of carrier liquids and surface functionalization that also influences the rheological properties. Thus, understanding the correlation between the thermal characteristics of the NMFs and rheological properties helps develop cooling systems with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, School of Physical and Material Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Saurabh Pathak
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Spin Dynamics and SW Devices, Nanospinics Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Komal Jain
- Indian Reference Materials Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Noorjahan
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, School of Physical and Material Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Sang-Koog Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Spin Dynamics and SW Devices, Nanospinics Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
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6
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Modestino M, Galluzzi A, Sarno M, Polichetti M. The Effect of a DC Magnetic Field on the AC Magnetic Properties of Oleic Acid-Coated Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4246. [PMID: 37374430 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The AC magnetic properties of a sample of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with oleic acid have been investigated with the help of AC susceptibility measurements. In particular, several DC magnetic fields have been superimposed on the AC field, and their effect on the magnetic response of the sample has been analysed. The results show the presence of a double peak structure in the imaginary component of the complex AC susceptibility measured as a function of the temperature. A preliminary evaluation of the Mydosh parameter for both peaks gives the information that each one of them is associated with a different state of interaction between nanoparticles. The two peaks evolve both in amplitude and position when the intensity of the DC field is changed. The field dependence of the peak position shows two different trends, and it is possible to study them in the framework of the currently existing theoretical models. In particular, a model of non-interacting magnetic nanoparticles has been used to describe the behaviour of the peak at lower temperatures, whereas the behaviour of the peak at higher temperatures has been analysed in the framework of a spin-glass-like model. The proposed analysis technique can be useful for the characterisation of magnetic nanoparticles used in several types of applications, such as biomedical and magnetic fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Modestino
- Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Armando Galluzzi
- Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Maria Sarno
- Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- NANO_MATES Research Centre, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Polichetti
- Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- NANO_MATES Research Centre, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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7
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Ivanov AO, Camp PJ. Magnetization relaxation dynamics in polydisperse ferrofluids. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:034604. [PMID: 37072981 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.034604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
When a ferrofluid is magnetized in a strong magnetic field, and then the field is switched off, the magnetization decays from its saturation value to zero. The dynamics of this process are controlled by the rotations of the constituent magnetic nanoparticles, and for the Brownian mechanism, the respective rotation times are strongly influenced by the particle size and the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions between the particles. In this work, the effects of polydispersity and interactions on the magnetic relaxation are studied using a combination of analytical theory and Brownian dynamics simulations. The theory is based on the Fokker-Planck-Brown equation for Brownian rotation and includes a self-consistent, mean-field treatment of the dipole-dipole interactions. The most interesting predictions from the theory are that, at short times, the relaxation of each particle type is equal to its intrinsic Brownian rotation time, while at long times, each particle type has the same effective relaxation time, which is longer than any of the individual Brownian rotation times. Noninteracting particles, though, always relax at a rate controlled only by the Brownian rotation times. This illustrates the importance of including the effects of polydispersity and interactions when analyzing the results from magnetic relaxometry experiments on real ferrofluids, which are rarely monodisperse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey O Ivanov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Mathematical Center, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Avenue, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Philip J Camp
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
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8
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Ivanov AS, Solovyova AY, Zverev VS, Elfimova EA. Distribution functions of magnetic moments and relaxation times for magnetic fluids exhibiting controllable microstructure evolution. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Ferguson Briggs SH, Mestel AJ. Stability of an inhomogeneous ferrofluid in a channel, subject to a normal field. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2022.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of a ferrofluid with a fairly arbitrary non-uniform magnetic susceptibility between two parallel walls, subject to a non-uniform magnetic field acting normal to the walls, is investigated. The susceptibility may depend on position and the field strength, and the stationary state is such that the gradient of the susceptibility with respect to the modulus of the field is negative. Previous work suggests that the configuration may be linearly unstable, as regions of higher susceptibility do not coincide with regions of strongest field, and this is proved here. Adding a constant field in the plane of the layer suppresses parallel instabilities, but has no effect on those orthogonal to it. However, it is demonstrated that stability can be achieved by applying a rapidly rotating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Ferguson Briggs
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - A. J. Mestel
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2BX, UK
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10
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Magneto-Mechanical Approach in Biomedicine: Benefits, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911134. [PMID: 36232435 PMCID: PMC9569787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The magneto-mechanical approach is a powerful technique used in many different applications in biomedicine, including remote control enzyme activity, cell receptors, cancer-selective treatments, mechanically-activated drug releases, etc. This approach is based on the use of a combination of magnetic nanoparticles and external magnetic fields that have led to the movement of such nanoparticles with torques and forces (enough to change the conformation of biomolecules or even break weak chemical bonds). However, despite many theoretical and experimental works on this topic, it is difficult to predict the magneto-mechanical effects in each particular case, while the important results are scattered and often cannot be translated to other experiments. The main reason is that the magneto-mechanical effect is extremely sensitive to changes in any parameter of magnetic nanoparticles and the environment and changes in the parameters of the applied magnetic field. Thus, in this review, we (1) summarize and propose a simplified theoretical explanation of the main factors affecting the efficiency of the magneto-mechanical approach; (2) discuss the nature of the MNP-mediated mechanical forces and their order of magnitude; (3) show some of the main applications of the magneto-mechanical approach in the control over the properties of biological systems.
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11
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Küster M, Ludwig F, Eremin A, Boštjančič PH, Lisjak D, Sebastián N, Mertelj A, Nádasi H. Magnetic dynamics in suspensions of ferrimagnetic platelets. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Ivanov AO, Camp PJ. Effects of interactions, structure formation, and polydispersity on the dynamic magnetic susceptibility and magnetic relaxation of ferrofluids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Elfimova EA, Iskakova LY, Solovyova AY, Zubarev AY. Theory of static magnetization of magnetopolymer composites: The second virial approximation. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054616. [PMID: 34942844 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with a theoretical study of the static magnetization of a composite, consisting of nanodisperse single-domain ferromagnetic particles immobilized in a nonmagnetic medium. This situation is typical for magnetopolymer systems-smart materials, which found applications in high industrial and biomedical applications. It is supposed that the composite was polymerized without an external magnetic field; after curing the particles retain the spatial distribution and orientation of their axes of easy magnetization that they had before the host medium polymerization. Our results demonstrate that, in contrast to ferrofluids with a liquid host medium, a magnetic interparticle interaction provokes a decrease of the macroscopic magnetization of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Elfimova
- Ural Mathematical Center, Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Larisa Yu Iskakova
- Ural Mathematical Center, Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Anna Yu Solovyova
- Ural Mathematical Center, Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu Zubarev
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia and M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia
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