1
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Qu H, Huang W, Lin Z, Cheng X, Min R, Teng C, Caucheteur C, Hu X. Influence of Annealing on Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Inscription, Stability and Sensing: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7578. [PMID: 37688031 PMCID: PMC10490614 DOI: 10.3390/s23177578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews recent research progress on the annealing effects on polymer optical fibers (POFs), which are of great importance for inscription, stability and sensing applications of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in POFs due to their unique properties related to polymer molecular chains. In this review, the principle of annealing to reduce frozen-in stress in POFs drawing and different annealing timings are firstly summarized. Then, the annealing methods for POFs are introduced under several different conditions (temperature, humidity, strain, stress and solution). Afterwards, the principle of FBGs and several inscription techniques are reported. Subsequently, the annealing effects on the properties of POFs and polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs) quality are discussed. Finally, the influence of annealing on POFBG sensitivity is summarized. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of annealing techniques and their impact on both POFs and POFBGs. We hope that it will highlight the important progress made in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qu
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Weiyuan Huang
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhoupeng Lin
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 997700, China;
| | - Rui Min
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China;
| | - Chuanxin Teng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China;
| | - Christophe Caucheteur
- Department of Electromagnetism and Telecommunication, University of Mons, Boulevard Dolez 31, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Xuehao Hu
- Department of Electromagnetism and Telecommunication, University of Mons, Boulevard Dolez 31, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
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2
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Dielectric relaxation and glassy dynamics in poly(diisopropyl fumarate) and its copolymers with acrylate segments. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Fujii Y, Tominaga T, Murakami D, Tanaka M, Seto H. Local Dynamics of the Hydration Water and Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Chains in PMMA Networks. Front Chem 2021; 9:728738. [PMID: 34778200 PMCID: PMC8586490 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.728738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic behavior of water molecules and polymer chains in a hydrated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix containing a small amount of water molecules was investigated. Water molecules have been widely recognized as plasticizers for activating the segmental motion of polymer chains owing to their ability to reduce the glass transition temperature. In this study, combined with judicious hydrogen/deuterium labeling, we conducted quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments on PMMA for its dry and hydrated states. Our results clearly indicate that the dynamics of hydrated polymer chains are accelerated, and that individual water molecules are slower than bulk water. It is therefore suggested that the hydration water affects the local motion of PMMA and activates the local relaxation process known as restricted rotation, which is widely accepted to be generally insensitive to changes in the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Fujii
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taiki Tominaga
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Daiki Murakami
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Seto
- Institute of Materials Structure Science/J-PARC Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai, Japan
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4
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Chat K, Tu W, Beena Unni A, Adrjanowicz K. Influence of Tacticity on the Glass-Transition Dynamics of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) under Elevated Pressure and Geometrical Nanoconfinement. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chat
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Wenkang Tu
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Aparna Beena Unni
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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5
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Suzuki Y, Tsuji N, Miyata K, Kano T, Fukao K, Matsumoto A. Characteristic Features of
α
and
β
Relaxations of Poly(diethyl fumarate) as the Poly(substituted methylene). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University 1‐1 Gakuen‐cho, Naka‐ku Sakai Osaka 599‐8531 Japan
| | - Nagisa Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University 1‐1 Gakuen‐cho, Naka‐ku Sakai Osaka 599‐8531 Japan
| | - Kairi Miyata
- Department of Physics Ritsumeikan University 1‐1‐1 Noji‐higashi Kusatsu Shiga 525‐8577 Japan
| | - Takahito Kano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University 1‐1 Gakuen‐cho, Naka‐ku Sakai Osaka 599‐8531 Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics Ritsumeikan University 1‐1‐1 Noji‐higashi Kusatsu Shiga 525‐8577 Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University 1‐1 Gakuen‐cho, Naka‐ku Sakai Osaka 599‐8531 Japan
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6
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Mapesa EU, Shahidi N, Kremer F, Doxastakis M, Sangoro J. Interfacial Dynamics in Supported Ultrathin Polymer Films-From the Solid to the Free Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:117-125. [PMID: 33307705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics in ultrathin layers is investigated using nanostructured electrodes to perform broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurements, and by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Using poly(vinyl acetate) as the model system and taking advantage of access to the distribution of relaxation times in an extended temperature range above the glass transition temperature, Tg, we demonstrate that while the mean rates of the segmental relaxation remain bulklike down to 12 nm film thickness, modified molecular mobilities arise in the interfacial zones. Combining results from simulations and experiments, we show unambiguously that both the slow relaxations arising from adsorbed polymer segments and the faster modes attributed to segments in the vicinity of the free interface have non-Arrhenius temperature activation. These interfacial regions span thicknesses of ∼1.5 nm each just above the calorimetric Tg independent of molecular weight and film thickness. These deviations at interfaces are relevant for applications of polymers in adhesion, coatings, and polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Urandu Mapesa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Nobahar Shahidi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- Department of Molecular Physics, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manolis Doxastakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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7
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Xu J, Lv C, Du B, Wang X, Tsui OKC. Effective Viscosity of Unentangled Random Copolymer Films of Styrene and 4-Methoxystyrene with Different Copolymer Compositions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binyang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Popov I, Carroll B, Bocharova V, Genix AC, Cheng S, Khamzin A, Kisliuk A, Sokolov AP. Strong Reduction in Amplitude of the Interfacial Segmental Dynamics in Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Popov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - Shiwang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lancing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Airat Khamzin
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russia
| | - Alexander Kisliuk
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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9
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Clark AG, Salcedo Montero M, Govinna ND, Lounder SJ, Asatekin A, Cebe P. Relaxation dynamics of blends of
PVDF
and zwitterionic copolymer by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Clark
- Department of Physics and AstronomyTufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
| | - Miriam Salcedo Montero
- Department of Physics and AstronomyTufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
- Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Nelaka D. Govinna
- Department of Physics and AstronomyTufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
| | - Samuel J. Lounder
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringTufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
| | - Ayse Asatekin
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringTufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
| | - Peggy Cebe
- Department of Physics and AstronomyTufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
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10
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Ni Y, Song H, Wilcox DA, Medvedev GA, Boudouris BW, Caruthers JM. Rethinking the Analysis of the Linear Viscoelastic Behavior of an Epoxy Polymer near and above the Glass Transition. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Ni
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering; Forney Hall of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
| | - Hosup Song
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering; Forney Hall of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
| | - Daniel A. Wilcox
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering; Forney Hall of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
| | - Grigori A. Medvedev
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering; Forney Hall of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering; Forney Hall of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
| | - James M. Caruthers
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering; Forney Hall of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
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11
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Ooe M, Miyata K, Yoshioka J, Fukao K, Nemoto F, Yamada NL. Direct observation of mobility of thin polymer layers via asymmetric interdiffusion using neutron reflectivity measurements. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244905. [PMID: 31893884 DOI: 10.1063/1.5132768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the diffusion dynamics at the interface between deuterated poly(methyl methacrylate) (d-PMMA) and protonated poly(methyl methacrylate) (h-PMMA) in two-layered thin films of d- and h-PMMA layers via neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements during isothermal annealing above the glass transition temperature Tg. When Tg of d-PMMA was higher than that of h-PMMA, the d-PMMA layer thickness increased with increasing annealing time ta and, simultaneously, the h-PMMA layer thickness decreased. However, the opposite ta dependence of the layer thicknesses was observed, if the Tg of d-PMMA was decreased by the increase in the fraction of the low-molecular weight d-PMMA: With increasing ta, the d-PMMA layer thickness decreased and the h-PMMA layer thickness increased when Tg of d-PMMA was lower than that of h-PMMA. This change in the ta dependence of the layer thickness was related to the change in the mobility of the d-PMMA layer accompanied by the change in the Tg value of d-PMMA. With the decrease in the d-PMMA layer thickness from 49 nm to 13 nm, when the h-PMMA layer thickness was maintained, the ta dependence of the layer thickness changed and the mobility of the d-PMMA layer dramatically increased. These results suggest that the mobility of thin polymer films can be determined by the observation of interfacial dynamics via NR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Ooe
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Kairi Miyata
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Jun Yoshioka
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Fumiya Nemoto
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka 319-1106, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka 319-1106, Japan
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12
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Owusu-Ware SK, Boateng JS, Chowdhry BZ, Antonijevic MD. Glassy state molecular mobility and its relationship to the physico-mechanical properties of plasticized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films. Int J Pharm X 2019; 1:100033. [PMID: 31528853 PMCID: PMC6744590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in tensile properties and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of plasticized polymer films are typically attributed to molecular mobility, often with no empirical data to support such an assertion. Herein solvent cast HPMC films containing varying amounts of PEG, as the plasticizer, were used to assess the dependence of tensile properties and the Tg on glassy state molecular mobility. Molecular mobility (molecular relaxation time and temperature) parameters were determined by Thermally Stimulated Current Spectroscopy (TSC). The tensile properties and Tg of the HPMC films were determined by texture analysis and DSC, respectively. Molecular mobilities detected by TSC were cooperative and occurred at temperatures (Tg′) well below (113 to 127 °C) the bulk Tg. The relaxation times (τ) were 71 ± 1, 46 ± 1, 42 ± 1, 36 ± 1 and 29 ± 1 s for HPMC films containing 0, 6, 8, 11 and 17% (w/w) PEG, respectively. The Tg and glassy state molecular mobility were found to be intimately linked and demonstrated a linear dependence. While tensile strength was found to be linearly related to molecular relaxation time, tensile elongation and elastic modulus exhibited a non-linear dependence on molecular mobility. The data presented in this work demonstrates the complex nature of the relationship between plasticizer content, molecular mobility, Tg and tensile properties for plasticized polymeric films. It highlights the fact that the dependence of the bulk physico-mechanical properties on glassy state molecular mobility, differ greatly. Therefore, empirical characterization of molecular mobility is important to fully understand and predict the thermo-mechanical behavior of plasticized polymer films. This work demonstrates the unique capability of TSC to provide key information relating to molecular mobility and its influence on the bulk properties of materials. Data generated using TSC could prove useful for stability and performance ranking, in addition to the ability to predict materials behavior using data generated at or below typical storage conditions in the pharmaceutical, food, and polymer industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua S. Boateng
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich (Medway Campus), Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Babur Z. Chowdhry
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich (Medway Campus), Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Milan D. Antonijevic
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich (Medway Campus), Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- Corresponding authors.
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13
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Zuo B, Xu Q, Jin T, Xing H, Shi J, Hao Z, Zhang L, Tanaka K, Wang X. Suppressed Surface Reorganization in a High-Density Poly(methyl methacrylate) Brush. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14890-14895. [PMID: 31646872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A high-density poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brush (σ = 0.77 chain/nm2) with a lower molecular weight distribution was prepared onto a silicon wafer by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The surface of the PMMA brush chains was characterized upon the process of the environmental change, from air to water, using contact angle measurements in conjunction with sum-frequency generation spectroscopy. The surface structure and properties altered less with the changing environment from air to water for the PMMA brush than for a spin-coated film; that is, the extent of surface reorganization could be suppressed by grafting densely-packed chains onto a substrate. Also, the water penetration into the brush surface was inhibited because of the densely packed chain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone , Hangzhou 310018 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Quanyin Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone , Hangzhou 310018 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Tiancheng Jin
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone , Hangzhou 310018 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Huimin Xing
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone , Hangzhou 310018 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jiacheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone , Hangzhou 310018 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhiwei Hao
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone , Hangzhou 310018 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone , Hangzhou 310018 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry , International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) , and Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone , Hangzhou 310018 , Zhejiang , China
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14
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Medvedev GA, Caruthers JM. A Quantitative Model of Super-Arrhenian Behavior in Glass-Forming Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grigori A. Medvedev
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - James M. Caruthers
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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15
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Startsev OV, Lebedev MP. Glass-Transition Temperature and Characteristic Temperatures of α Transition in Amorphous Polymers Using the Example of Poly(methyl methacrylate). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Sharma RP, Dong BX, Green PF. Role of Thickness Confinement on Relaxations of the Fast Component in a Miscible A/B Blend. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter F. Green
- National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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17
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Pospori A, Marques CAF, Sagias G, Lamela-Rivera H, Webb DJ. Novel thermal annealing methodology for permanent tuning polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings to longer wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:1411-1421. [PMID: 29402015 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.001411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Bragg wavelength of a polymer optical fiber Bragg grating can be permanently shifted by utilizing the thermal annealing method. In all the reported fiber annealing cases, the authors were able to tune the Bragg wavelength only to shorter wavelengths, since the polymer fiber shrinks in length during the annealing process. This article demonstrates a novel thermal annealing methodology for permanently tuning polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings to any desirable spectral position, including longer wavelengths. Stretching the polymer optical fiber during the annealing process, the period of Bragg grating, which is directly related with the Bragg wavelength, can become permanently longer. The methodology presented in this article can be used to multiplex polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings at any desirable spectral position utilizing only one phase-mask for their photo-inscription, reducing thus their fabrication cost in an industrial setting.
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18
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Hayashi T, Segawa K, Sadakane K, Fukao K, Yamada NL. Interfacial interaction and glassy dynamics in stacked thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate). J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203305. [PMID: 28571347 DOI: 10.1063/1.4974835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutron reflectivity and dielectric permittivity of alternately stacked thin films of protonated and deuterated poly(methyl methacrylate) were measured to elucidate a correlation between the time evolution of the interfacial structure and the segmental dynamics in the stacked thin polymer films during isothermal annealing above the glass transition temperature. The roughness at the interface between two thin layers increases with the annealing time, whereas the relaxation rate and strength of the α-process decrease with an increase in the annealing time. A strong correlation between the time evolution of the interfacial structure and the dynamics of the α-process during annealing could be observed using neutron reflectivity and dielectric relaxation measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kenta Segawa
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sadakane
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka 319-1106, Japan
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19
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Hetayothin B, Cabaniss RA, Blum FD. Does Plasticizer Penetrate Tightly Bound Polymer in Adsorbed Poly(vinyl acetate) on Silica? Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boonta Hetayothin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los
Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | | | - Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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20
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Ngai KL, Paluch M, Rodríguez-Tinoco C. Why is surface diffusion the same in ultrastable, ordinary, aged, and ultrathin molecular glasses? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:29905-29912. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05357f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The primitive/JG relaxation explains the same surface diffusion coefficient in ordinary, ultrastable and thin film glasses of OTP and TPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Ngai
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
- 41-500 Chorzow
- Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
- 41-500 Chorzow
- Poland
- Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
| | - Cristian Rodríguez-Tinoco
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
- 41-500 Chorzow
- Poland
- Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
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21
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Kolluru PV, Chasiotis I. A master curve for the size and strain rate dependent large deformation behavior of PS nanofibers at room temperature. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Geng K, Tsui OKC. Effects of Polymer Tacticity and Molecular Weight on the Glass Transition Temperature of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films on Silica. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Geng
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department
of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division
of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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23
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Casalini R, Prevosto D, Labardi M, Roland CM. Effect of Interface Interaction on the Segmental Dynamics of Poly(vinyl acetate) Investigated by Local Dielectric Spectroscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1022-1026. [PMID: 35596440 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The segmental dynamics of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) thin films were measured in the presence of an aluminum interface and in contact with an incompatible polymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine). The local dielectric relaxation was found to be faster in thin films than in the bulk; however, no differences were observed for the various interfaces, including a PVAc/air interface. These results show that capping of thin films, even with a rigid material, does not necessarily affect the dynamics, the speeding up herein for capped PVAc was equivalent to that for the air interface. The insensitivity of the dynamics to the nature of the interface affords a means to engineer thin films while maintaining desired mechanical properties. Our findings for PVAc also may explain the discordant results that have been reported in general for the effect of air versus rigid interfaces on the local segmental relaxation of thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Casalini
- Chemistry
Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - D. Prevosto
- CNR-IPCF,
UOS
Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Labardi
- CNR-IPCF,
UOS
Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C. M. Roland
- Chemistry
Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., United States
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24
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Hayashi T, Fukao K. Segmental and local dynamics of stacked thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate). PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:022602. [PMID: 25353497 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.022602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The glass transition temperature and the dynamics of the α and β processes have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy during successive annealing processes above the glass transition temperature for stacked thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) of various thicknesses. The glass transition temperature and the dynamics of the α process (segmental motion) of as-stacked PMMA thin films exhibit thin-film-like behavior, insofar as the glass transition temperature is depressed and the dynamics of the α process are faster than those of the bulk system. Annealing at high temperature causes the glass transition temperature to increase from the reduced value and causes the dynamics of the α process to become slower approaching those of the bulk. Contrary to the segmental motion, the relaxation time of the β process (local motion) of the stacked PMMA thin films is almost equal to that of the bulk PMMA and is unaffected by the annealing process. However, the relaxation strengths of both the α process and β process show a strong correlation between each other. The sum of the relaxation strengths remains almost unchanged, while the individual relaxation strengths change during the annealing process. The fragility index of the stacked PMMA thin films increases with annealing, which suggests that the glassy state of the stacked thin films changes from strong to fragile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, 525-8577 Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, 525-8577 Japan
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25
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Chandra A, Meyer WH. Dielectric relaxation studies of low thermal expansion polymer composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Raihane A, Tourbot R, Ladieu F, L'Hôte D. A simple device for dielectric spectroscopy of polymers with temperature regulation close to 300 K based on a Peltier junction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:043903. [PMID: 22559545 DOI: 10.1063/1.3700217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple thermostat device for performing dielectric spectroscopy measurements on polymers close to their glass transition temperature. By using a vacuum chamber containing a Peltier junction with its regulator, we show that a very simple setup yields a temperature accuracy which is good enough for accurate studies of polymer dielectric properties. This technique is also more cost effective than standard setups using cryogenic fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raihane
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS/URA 2464), DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif/Yvette Cedex, France
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27
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Nguyen HK, Labardi M, Capaccioli S, Lucchesi M, Rolla P, Prevosto D. Interfacial and Annealing Effects on Primary α-Relaxation of Ultrathin Polymer Films Investigated at Nanoscale. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202757q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung K. Nguyen
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Capaccioli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Lucchesi
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Rolla
- Dipartimento
di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Prevosto
- CNR-IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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28
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Delpouve N, Saiter A, Dargent E. Cooperativity length evolution during crystallization of poly(lactic acid). Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Fukao K, Terasawa T, Oda Y, Nakamura K, Tahara D. Glass transition dynamics of stacked thin polymer films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:041808. [PMID: 22181166 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.041808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The glass transition dynamics of stacked thin films of polystyrene and poly(2-chlorostyrene) were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature T(g) of as-stacked thin polystyrene films has a strong depression from that of the bulk samples. However, after annealing at high temperatures above T(g), the stacked thin films exhibit glass transition at a temperature almost equal to the T(g) of the bulk system. The α-process dynamics of stacked thin films of poly(2-chlorostyrene) show a time evolution from single-thin-film-like dynamics to bulk-like dynamics during the isothermal annealing process. The relaxation rate of the α process becomes smaller with increase in the annealing time. The time scale for the evolution of the α dynamics during the annealing process is very long compared with that for the reptation dynamics. At the same time, the temperature dependence of the relaxation time for the α process changes from Arrhenius-like to Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann dependence with increase of the annealing time. The fragility index increases and the distribution of the α-relaxation times becomes smaller with increase in the annealing time for isothermal annealing. The observed change in the α process is discussed with respect to the interfacial interaction between the thin layers of stacked thin polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
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30
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Preparation and glass transition of crosslinked poly(vinyl acetate) thin shells on the surface of a calcium carbonate core. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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31
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Nguyen HK, Prevosto D, Labardi M, Capaccioli S, Lucchesi M, Rolla P. Effect of Confinement on Structural Relaxation in Ultrathin Polymer Films Investigated by Local Dielectric Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200440z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung K. Nguyen
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Prevosto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Capaccioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Lucchesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Rolla
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, CNR-IPCF, c/o Dip. Fisica Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Richert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604;
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33
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Tahara D, Fukao K. Anomalous increase in dielectric susceptibility during isothermal aging of ultrathin polymer films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:051801. [PMID: 21230491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aging dynamics of poly(2-chlorostyrene) (P2CS) ultrathin films with thicknesses less than 10 nm were investigated using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The imaginary part of the dielectric susceptibility ϵ″ for P2CS ultrathin films with a thickness of 3.7 nm increased with an increase in isothermal aging time, while this was not the case for P2CS thin films thicker than 9.0 nm. This anomalous increase in ϵ″ for the ultrathin films is strongly correlated with the presence of a mobile liquidlike layer within the thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tahara
- Research Organization of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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34
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Serghei A, Tress M, Kremer F. The glass transition of thin polymer films in relation to the interfacial dynamics. J Chem Phys 2010; 131:154904. [PMID: 20568881 DOI: 10.1063/1.3248368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As opposed to measurements on the glass transition of a polymer in the bulk, measurements of thin polymer layers reflect--due to the alterations of the glassy dynamics at the confining interfaces--several contributions acting together to give the net response of a polymer film. This fundamental difference is exemplified in detail for the particular case of broadband dielectric spectroscopy, an experimental tool extensively employed to investigate the glassy dynamics of polymers under condition of geometrical confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serghei
- Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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35
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Erber M, Tress M, Mapesa EU, Serghei A, Eichhorn KJ, Voit B, Kremer F. Glassy Dynamics and Glass Transition in Thin Polymer Layers of PMMA Deposited on Different Substrates. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100912r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Erber
- Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Tress
- Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emmanuel U. Mapesa
- Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anatoli Serghei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | | | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- Institute for Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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36
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Nam JE, Lee JK, Mauldin TC. Isothermal physical aging of thin PMMA films near the glass transition temperature. Polym Bull (Berl) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-010-0333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Kim S, Mundra MK, Roth CB, Torkelson JM. Suppression of the Tg-Nanoconfinement Effect in Thin Poly(vinyl acetate) Films by Sorbed Water. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1005606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | | | | | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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38
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Fukao K, Tahara D. Aging dynamics in the polymer glass of poly(2-chlorostyrene): Dielectric susceptibility and volume. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 80:051802. [PMID: 20364996 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.051802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging dynamics was investigated in the glassy states of poly(2-chlorostyrene) by measuring the complex electrical capacitance during aging below the glass transition temperature. The variations with time and temperature of the ac dielectric susceptibility and volume could be determined by simply measuring the variation in the complex electrical capacitance. Isothermal aging at a given temperature for several hours after an intermittent stop in constant-rate cooling is stored in the deviations of both the real and imaginary parts of the complex ac dielectric susceptibility and volume. During cooling after isothermal aging, the deviation of the ac dielectric susceptibility from the reference value decreases and almost vanishes at room temperature. By contrast, the deviation in volume induced during isothermal aging remains almost constant during cooling. The simultaneous measurement of ac dielectric susceptibility and volume clearly revealed that the ac dielectric susceptibility exhibits a full rejuvenation effect, whereas the volume does not show any rejuvenation effects. We discuss a plausible model that can reproduce the present experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
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39
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The diverse effect of antiplasticizer in the molecular dynamics of an organic dye-doped polymer observed at different motional lengthscales. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Labahn D, Mix R, Schönhals A. Dielectric relaxation of ultrathin films of supported polysulfone. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:011801. [PMID: 19257058 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.011801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic glass transition (alpha relaxation, structural relaxation) of ultrathin polysulfone films prepared between aluminum electrodes is investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. As a main result, it is found that the glass transition temperature Tg does not depend on the thickness of the polymeric layer down to a thickness of 10 nm. For thicknesses lower than 10 nm, an increase of Tg is observed. A more detailed analysis of the temperature dependence of the relaxation rates reveals that the Vogel temperature increases and the fragility decreases systematically with decreasing film thickness d. Further, the dielectric strength Deltaepsilon decreases with decreasing d. This is discussed by the formation of a surface layer of adsorbed polysulfone segments having a reduced molecular mobility with regard to the time scale characteristic of the glassy dynamics of bulk polysulfone. Plotted versus inverse film thickness Deltaepsilon decreases linearly with 1/d and becomes zero for an extrapolated length scale of 10 nm. From that it is concluded that the thickness of the adsorbed boundary layer is about 5 nm. Contact-angle measurements were carried out to confirm the strong interaction between aluminum and polysulfone. It is also shown that preparation details like annealing conditions strongly influence the glass transition of supported ultrathin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Labahn
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Lee WJ, Ju SP, Cheng CH. A molecular dynamics study of nanoindentation on a methyl methacrylate ultrathin film on a Au(111) substrate: interface and thickness effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:13440-13449. [PMID: 18986180 DOI: 10.1021/la801786u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The molecular dynamics simulation model of nanoindentation is proposed in order to study the mechanical and structural deformation properties of an ultrathin MMA (methyl methacrylate) film on a Au(111) surface. First, the significant differences in the structural arrangement of MMA thin films with different thicknesses are observed. Two layers are apparent in the thinnest MMA thin film next to the Au(111) surface, while three layer structures are apparent in the thicker film. Second, this study examines the indentation tip that penetrates the MMA thin film into the Au(111) substrate in order to understand the influence of the interface on the properties and deformation behavior in both the thin film and substrate. The result shows that the indentation force is influenced both by the layer structure and by the thickness of the MMA film. The thinnest case exhibits different deformation behavior from that of the thicker cases. In addition, the deformation of MMA molecules becomes significant at the interface between the MMA film and the Au(111) surface with the increase of film thickness, and detailed deformation behavior of the Au surface for different thicknesses of MMA film is reported in this paper. Finally, both the rigid and the active models for the indentation tip are utilized in the simulation to examine the interaction differences between the tip and the film and the deformation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jay Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 804, Republic of China
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42
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43
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Yang H, Sharp JS. Interfacial Effects and the Glass Transition in Ultrathin Films of Poly(tert-butyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Nottingham Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD
| | - James S. Sharp
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Nottingham Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K., NG7 2RD
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44
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Passaglia E, Bertoldo M, Ciardelli F, Prevosto D, Lucchesi M. Evidences of macromolecular chains confinement of ethylene–propylene copolymer in organophilic montmorillonite nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Serghei A, Kremer F. Metastable States of Glassy Dynamics, Possibly Mimicking Confinement-Effects in Thin Polymer Films. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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46
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Kim KS, Ando Y, Kim KW. The effect of temperature on the nanoscale adhesion and friction behaviors of thermoplastic polymer films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:105701. [PMID: 21817709 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/10/105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion and friction tests were carried out in order to investigate the effect of temperature on the tribological characteristics of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) film using AFM. The pull-off and friction forces on the PMMA film were measured under a high vacuum condition (below 1 × 10(-4) Pa) as the temperature of the PMMA film was increased from 300 to 420 K (heating) and decreased to 300 K (cooling). Friction tests were also conducted in both high vacuum and air conditions at room temperature. When the temperature was 420 K, which is 25 K higher than the glass-transition temperature (T(g)) of PMMA, the PMMA film surface became deformable. Subsequently, the pull-off force increased in proportion to the maximum applied load during the pull-off force measurement. In contrast, when the temperature was under 395 K, the pull-off force did not depend on the maximum applied load. The friction force began to increase when the temperature rose above 370 K, which is 25 K lower than the T(g) of PMMA, and rapidly increased at 420 K. Decrease of the PMMA film stiffness and plastic deformation of the PMMA film were observed at 420 K in force-displacement curves. After the heating to 420 K, the coefficient of friction was measured under air condition at room temperature and was found to be lower than that measured before the heating. Additionally, the RMS roughness increased as a result of heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Seop Kim
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Systems Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Nakanishi S, Yoshikawa H, Shoji S, Sekkat Z, Kawata S. Size Dependence of Transition Temperature in Polymer Nanowires. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3586-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800453p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Nakanishi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0872, Japan, School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, 53000 Irfane, Morroco, and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0872, Japan, School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, 53000 Irfane, Morroco, and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoru Shoji
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0872, Japan, School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, 53000 Irfane, Morroco, and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Zouheir Sekkat
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0872, Japan, School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, 53000 Irfane, Morroco, and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawata
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0872, Japan, School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, 53000 Irfane, Morroco, and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Crider PS, Majewski MR, Zhang J, Oukris H, Israeloff NE. Local dielectric spectroscopy of near-surface glassy polymer dynamics. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:044908. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2825301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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49
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Li Q, Hua R, Cheah IJ, Chou KC. Surface Structure Relaxation of Poly(methyl methacrylate). J Phys Chem B 2007; 112:694-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp072147j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rui Hua
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ignatius J. Cheah
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Keng C. Chou
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Inoue R, Kanaya T, Nishida K, Tsukushi I, Taylor J, Levett S, Gabrys BJ. Dynamic anisotropy and heterogeneity of polystyrene thin films as studied by inelastic neutron scattering. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2007; 24:55-60. [PMID: 17767375 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2007-10210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We studied the dynamic anisotropy and heterogeniety of polystyrene thin films in glassy state with inelastic neutorn scattering. Adjusting the scattering vector to the directions parallel and perpendicular to the film surface, we observed the elastic scattering intensities as a function of temperature. It was found for the 200 A film that the elastic intesity decreased with increasing temperature more rapidly in the perpendicular direction than in the pararell direction, showing the higher mobility in the perpendicular direction. However, such dynamical anisotropy was not observed in the 1000 A film. The decrease in the mobility was observed with the film thickness in both the directions. These results were explained in terms of an interface hard layer. We also evelauated the dynamical heterogeniety from the non-Gaussian parameter A0, which increased with decreasing the film thickness, showing the increase in the dynamical heterogeneity. Assuming a simple bi-layer model consisting of the interface hard layer and the bulk-like layer, we analyzed the thickness dependence of the non-Gaussian parameter A0 and the mean square displacement (u2) to find that the hard layer has a thickness of approximately 130 A and a mean square displacement of approximately 0.018 A2 at 230 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Inoue
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
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