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Doss K, Mauro JC. Impact of dynamic stretching exponent on the correlation between liquid fragility and nonexponentiality at the glass transition. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:455402. [PMID: 36044896 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of large scatter in linear response data has cast doubt on the existence of an inverse correlation between liquid fragility and nonexponentiality, as originally proposed by Böhmeret al(1993J. Chem. Phys.994201). We present a model for the temperature dependence of the stretching exponent based on the Mauro-Yue-Ellison-Gupta-Allan model for supercooled liquid viscosity and discuss the factors impacting the relationship between fragility and the stretching exponent at the glass transition. The proposed model exhibits distinct advantages over previous models in terms of interpretability and limit behaviors for the temperature dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Doss
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - John C Mauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802, United States of America
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Kirchner KA, Cassar DR, Zanotto ED, Ono M, Kim SH, Doss K, Bødker ML, Smedskjaer MM, Kohara S, Tang L, Bauchy M, Wilkinson CJ, Yang Y, Welch RS, Mancini M, Mauro JC. Beyond the Average: Spatial and Temporal Fluctuations in Oxide Glass-Forming Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 123:1774-1840. [PMID: 35511603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atomic structure dictates the performance of all materials systems; the characteristic of disordered materials is the significance of spatial and temporal fluctuations on composition-structure-property-performance relationships. Glass has a disordered atomic arrangement, which induces localized distributions in physical properties that are conventionally defined by average values. Quantifying these statistical distributions (including variances, fluctuations, and heterogeneities) is necessary to describe the complexity of glass-forming systems. Only recently have rigorous theories been developed to predict heterogeneities to manipulate and optimize glass properties. This article provides a comprehensive review of experimental, computational, and theoretical approaches to characterize and demonstrate the effects of short-, medium-, and long-range statistical fluctuations on physical properties (e.g., thermodynamic, kinetic, mechanical, and optical) and processes (e.g., relaxation, crystallization, and phase separation), focusing primarily on commercially relevant oxide glasses. Rigorous investigations of fluctuations enable researchers to improve the fundamental understanding of the chemistry and physics governing glass-forming systems and optimize structure-property-performance relationships for next-generation technological applications of glass, including damage-resistant electronic displays, safer pharmaceutical vials to store and transport vaccines, and lower-attenuation fiber optics. We invite the reader to join us in exploring what can be discovered by going beyond the average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A Kirchner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel R Cassar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Ilum School of Science, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Edgar D Zanotto
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Madoka Ono
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Materials Integration Laboratories, AGC Incorporated, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Karan Doss
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mikkel L Bødker
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Shinji Kohara
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Longwen Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Collin J Wilkinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Research and Development, GlassWRX, Beaufort, South Carolina 29906, United States
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rebecca S Welch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Matthew Mancini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John C Mauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Kaminska E, Tarnacka M, Madejczyk O, Chrobok A, Kaminski K, Paluch M. Observation of the nearly constant loss in super rigid saccharides: in search of a hidden crossover in dynamics deep in the glassy state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8901-10. [PMID: 26958785 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular dynamics of three saccharides: D-glucose, 1,6-anhydro-D-glucose (levoglucosan) and 1,6:2,3-dianhydro-β-D-mannopyranose of various degrees of freedom, number of hydroxyl groups and internal structures was investigated over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies by means of Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Despite the pronounced variety in the physicochemical properties of the carbohydrates, no change in the shape of the structural relaxation process was observed in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature (β(KWW) = 0.5). On the other hand further studies of the Debye-Stokes-Einstein relationship between dc conductivity and structural dynamics revealed some significant changes connected with the ability to form strong H-bonded structures. Moreover the presence of nearly constant loss (NCL) at moderate frequencies and just below the T(g) in the glassy state of levoglucosan and 1,6:2,3-dianhydro-β-D-mannopyranose was noticeable. We followed the temperature evolution of ε'' located at frequencies f = 0.1 kHz and f = 1 kHz, where the NCL is detected. Interestingly, a clear change in the dynamics far below the glass transition was observed in both compounds. This crossover (T(c)), found in different materials, and studied by various experimental techniques, is usually interpreted as being caused by the freezing of the Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation process. Alternatively it can also be due to the increasing anharmonicity in the density of vibrational states. Interestingly, it was shown that the slope of ε''(T) measured above the T(c) slightly changes while below the T(c) stays constant after physical aging. This is related to the densification of the sample that might result in steric hindrance and suppression of some kind of motion occurring in the glassy state, involving the larger parts of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kaminska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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6
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Lueking AD, Wang CY, Sircar S, Malencia C, Wang H, Li J. A generalized adsorption-phase transition model to describe adsorption rates in flexible metal organic framework RPM3-Zn. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:4242-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rate of adsorption to a flexible metal-organic framework is described via generalization of the Avrami theory of phase transition kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D. Lueking
- Department of Energy & Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute
- The Pennsylvania State University
- USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Energy & Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute
- The Pennsylvania State University
- USA
| | - Sarmishtha Sircar
- Department of Energy & Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute
- The Pennsylvania State University
- USA
| | | | - Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Rutgers University
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Rutgers University
- Piscataway
- USA
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Wang LM, Mauro JC. An upper limit to kinetic fragility in glass-forming liquids. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:044522. [PMID: 21280763 DOI: 10.1063/1.3526942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetic fragility of a liquid is correlated to the magnitude of enthalpy hysteresis in various glass-forming materials during thermal cycling across the glass transition. While the lower bound of liquid fragility is well known, there has been little research into the possibility of an inherent upper limit to fragility. In this paper, we present a theoretical argument for the existence of a maximum fragility and show that the correlation between fragility and enthalpy hysteresis allows for an empirical evaluation of the upper limit of fragility. This upper limit occurs as the enthalpy hysteresis involved in thermal cycling about the glass transition approaches zero, leading to m(max)≈175. This result agrees remarkably well with our previous estimate. The dynamics of maximum fragility liquids are discussed, and a critical temperature of ∼1.5 T(g) (where T(g) is the glass transition temperature) is revealed where a transition from nonexponential to exponential structural relaxation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.
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Wang L, Li J, Fecht HJ. Correlating the stretched-exponential and super-Arrhenius behaviors in the structural relaxation of glass-forming liquids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:155102. [PMID: 21436503 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/15/155102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Following the report of a single-exponential activation behavior behind the super-Arrhenius structural relaxation of glass-forming liquids in our preceding paper, we find that the non-exponentiality in the structural relaxation of glass-forming liquids is straightforwardly determined by the relaxation time, and could be calculated from the measured relaxation data. Comparisons between the calculated and measured non-exponentialities for typical glass-forming liquids, from fragile to intermediate, convincingly support the present analysis. Hence the origin of the non-exponentiality and its correlation with liquid fragility become clearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianwen Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Wang L, Li J, Fecht HJ. Single-exponential activation behavior behind the super-Arrhenius relaxations in glass-forming liquids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:455104. [PMID: 21339624 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/45/455104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The reported relaxation time for several typical glass-forming liquids was analyzed by using a kinetic model for liquids which invoked a new kind of atomic cooperativity--thermodynamic cooperativity. The broadly studied 'cooperative length' was recognized as the kinetic cooperativity. Both cooperativities were conveniently quantified from the measured relaxation data. A single-exponential activation behavior was uncovered behind the super-Arrhenius relaxations for the liquids investigated. Hence the mesostructure of these liquids and the atomic mechanism of the glass transition became clearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianwen Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Micoulaut M. Linking rigidity transitions with enthalpic changes at the glass transition and fragility: insight from a simple oscillator model. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:285101. [PMID: 21399290 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/28/285101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A low temperature Monte Carlo dynamics of a Keating-like oscillator model is used to study the relationship between the nature of network glasses from the viewpoint of rigidity, the thermal reversibility during the glass transition and the strong-fragile behaviour of glass-forming liquids. The model shows that a Phillips optimal glass formation with minimal enthalpic changes is obtained under a cooling/annealing cycle when the system is optimally constrained by the harmonic interactions, i.e. when it is isostatically rigid. For these peculiar systems with a nearly reversible glass transition, the computed activation energy for relaxation time shows also a minimum, which demonstrates that isostatically rigid glasses are strong (Arrhenius-like) glass-forming liquids. Experiments on chalcogenide and oxide glass-forming liquids are discussed under this new perspective and confirm the theoretical prediction for chalcogenide network glasses whereas limitations of the approach appear for weakly interacting (non-covalent, ionic) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Micoulaut
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, UPMC-Université Paris 6, CNRS UMR 7600, Boite 121, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Abstract
The low-temperature dynamics of ultraviscous liquids hold the key to understanding the nature of glass transition and relaxation phenomena, including the potential existence of an ideal thermodynamic glass transition. Unfortunately, existing viscosity models, such as the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) and Avramov-Milchev (AM) equations, exhibit systematic error when extrapolating to low temperatures. We present a model offering an improved description of the viscosity-temperature relationship for both inorganic and organic liquids using the same number of parameters as VFT and AM. The model has a clear physical foundation based on the temperature dependence of configurational entropy, and it offers an accurate prediction of low-temperature isokoms without any singularity at finite temperature. Our results cast doubt on the existence of a Kauzmann entropy catastrophe and associated ideal glass transition.
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