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Abbasi Moud A. Colloidal and Sedimentation Behavior of Kaolinite Suspension in Presence of Non-Ionic Polyacrylamide (PAM). Gels 2022; 8:807. [PMID: 36547331 PMCID: PMC9777828 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal behavior of kaolinite particles in water was investigated in this manuscript, without and with the addition of a polymer flocculant (non-anionic polyacrylamide (PAM)), using diverse imaging techniques in addition to LUMisizer. The addition of PAM was found to be causing the formation of bridges among particles thus increasing their settling rates to the bottom of the container. To assess the size of flocs and the potential morphology of PAM around particles and their clusters, the state of flocs formation and polymer distribution was analyzed through various microscopical techniques, namely scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM and TEM results revealed that, in the absence of PAM, the floc structure of the sediment was loose and irregularly distributed, while the presence of PAM made the sediment structures greatly denser. Later, using LUMisizer, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the zeta potential of kaolinite, sedimentation, and colloidal behavior of suspension came under scrutiny. Using LUMisizer, the maximum packing and settling rates of the particles were experimentally obtained as roughly 44 vol%; settling rates were estimated in 63-352 µm/s when centrifugal force varied and, using maximum packing values, compressive yield was estimated to vary between 48-94 kPa. The results of this study are instructive in choosing appropriate polymers and operating conditions to settle clay minerals in tailing ponds. Additionally, the maximum packing of kaolinite particles was simulated with spherical particles with varied polydispersity to connect DLS data to the maximum packing values obtained using LUMisizer; the little discrepancy between simulation and experimental values was found to be encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Chang HY, Sheng YJ, Tsao HK. Packing microstructures and thermal properties of compressed emulsions: effect of droplet size. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Rissone P, Corwin EI, Parisi G. Long-Range Anomalous Decay of the Correlation in Jammed Packings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:038001. [PMID: 34328763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.038001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We numerically study the structure of the interactions occurring in three-dimensional systems of hard spheres at jamming, focusing on the large-scale behavior. Given the fundamental role in the configuration of jammed packings, we analyze the propagation through the system of the weak forces and of the variation of the coordination number with respect to the isostaticity condition, ΔZ. We show that these correlations can be successfully probed by introducing a correlation function weighted on the density-density fluctuations. The results of this analysis can be further improved by introducing a representation of the system based on the contact points between particles. In particular, we find evidence that the weak forces and the ΔZ fluctuations support the hypothesis of randomly jammed packings of spherical particles being hyperuniform by exhibiting an anomalous long-range decay. Moreover, we find that the large-scale structure of the density-density correlation exhibits a complex behavior due to the superimposition of two exponentially damped oscillating signals propagating with linearly depending frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rissone
- Small Biosystems Lab, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Carrer de Marti i Franques, 1, 11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric I Corwin
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Giorgio Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC)-CNR, Rome unit, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Pradeep S, Hsiao LC. Contact criterion for suspensions of smooth and rough colloids. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4980-4989. [PMID: 32432605 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a procedure to obtain the search distance used to determine particle contact in dense suspensions of smooth and rough colloids. This method works by summing physically relevant length scales in an uncertainty analysis and does not require detailed quantification of the surface roughness. We suspend sterically stabilized, fluorescent poly(methyl methacrylate) colloids in a refractive index-matched solvent, squalene, in order to ensure hard sphere-like behavior. High speed centrifugation is used to pack smooth and rough colloids to their respective jamming points, φJ. The jammed suspensions are subsequently diluted with known volumes of solvent to φ < φJ. Structural parameters obtained from confocal laser scanning micrographs of the diluted colloidal suspensions are extrapolated to φJ to determine the mean contact number at jamming, 〈z〉J. Contact below jamming refers to nearest neighbors at a length scale below which the effects of hydrodynamic or geometric friction come into play. Sensitivity analyses show that a deviation of the search distance by 1% of the particle diameter results in 〈z〉 changing by up to 10%, with the error in contact number distribution being magnified in dense suspensions (φ > 0.50) due to an increased number of nearest neighbors in the first coordination shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Pradeep
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Liu W, Chen S, Wu CY, Li S. Unified size-density and size-topology relations in random packings of dry adhesive polydisperse spheres. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:022901. [PMID: 30934263 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.022901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the size-density and size-topology relations in random packings of dry adhesive polydisperse microspheres with Gaussian and lognormal size distributions through a geometric tessellation. We find that the dependence of the neighbor number on the centric particle size is always quasilinear, regardless of the size distribution, size span, or interparticle adhesion. The average local packing fraction as a function of normalized particle size for different size variances is well regressed on the same profile, which increases to larger values as the relative strength of adhesion decreases. The variations of the local coordination number with the particle size converge onto a single curve for all adhesive particles, but gradually transfer to another branch for nonadhesive particles. Such adhesion-induced size-density and size-topology relations are interpreted theoretically with a modified geometrical "granocentric" model, where the model parameters are dependent on a single dimensionless adhesion number. Our findings, together with the modified theory, provide a more unified perspective on the substantial geometry of amorphous polydisperse systems, especially those with fairly loose structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Liu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuan-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Shuiqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Şenbil N, Gruber M, Zhang C, Fuchs M, Scheffold F. Observation of Strongly Heterogeneous Dynamics at the Depinning Transition in a Colloidal Glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:108002. [PMID: 30932679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study experimentally the origin of heterogeneous dynamics in strongly driven glass-forming systems. Thereto, we apply a well-defined force with a laser line trap on individual colloidal polystyrene probe particles seeded in an emulsion glass composed of droplets of the same size. Fluid and glass states can be probed. We monitor the trajectories of the probe and measure displacements and their distributions. Our experiments reveal intermittent dynamics around a depinning transition at a threshold force. For smaller forces, linear response connects mean displacement, and quiescent mean squared displacement. Mode coupling theory calculations rationalize the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Şenbil
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gruber
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Fuchs
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Frank Scheffold
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Zhao K, Mason TG. Assembly of colloidal particles in solution. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:126601. [PMID: 29978830 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aad1a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Advances in both top-down and bottom-up syntheses of a wide variety of complex colloidal building blocks and also in methods of controlling their assembly in solution have led to new and interesting forms of highly controlled soft matter. In particular, top-down lithographic methods of producing monodisperse colloids now provide precise human-designed control over their sub-particle features, opening up a wide range of new possibilities for assembly structures that had been previously limited by the range of shapes available through bottom-up methods. Moreover, an increasing level of control over anisotropic interactions between these colloidal building blocks, which can be tailored through local geometries of sub-particle features as well as site-specific surface modifications, is giving rise to new demonstrations of massively parallel off-chip self-assembly of specific target structures with low defect rates. In particular, new experimental realizations of hierarchical self-assembly and control over the chiral purity of resulting assembly structures have been achieved. Increasingly, shape-dependent, shape-complementary, and roughness-controlled depletion attractions between non-spherical colloids are being used in novel ways to create assemblies that go far beyond early examples, such as fractal clusters formed by diffusion-limited and reaction-limited aggregation of spheres. As self-assembly methods have progressed, a wide variety of advanced directed assembly methods have also been developed; approaches based on microfluidic control and applying structured electromagnetic fields are particularly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Braibanti M, Kim HS, Şenbil N, Pagenkopp MJ, Mason TG, Scheffold F. The liquid-glass-jamming transition in disordered ionic nanoemulsions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13879. [PMID: 29118340 PMCID: PMC5678350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In quenched disordered out-of-equilibrium many-body colloidal systems, there are important distinctions between the glass transition, which is related to the onset of nonergodicity and loss of low-frequency relaxations caused by crowding, and the jamming transition, which is related to the dramatic increase in elasticity of the system caused by the deformation of constituent objects. For softer repulsive interaction potentials, these two transitions become increasingly smeared together, so measuring a clear distinction between where the glass ends and where jamming begins becomes very difficult or even impossible. Here, we investigate droplet dynamics in concentrated silicone oil-in-water nanoemulsions using light scattering. For zero or low NaCl electrolyte concentrations, interfacial repulsions are soft and longer in range, this transition sets in at lower concentrations, and the glass and the jamming regimes are smeared. However, at higher electrolyte concentrations the interactions are stiffer, and the characteristics of the glass-jamming transition resemble more closely the situation of disordered elastic spheres having sharp interfaces, so the glass and jamming regimes can be distinguished more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Braibanti
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ha Seong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Nesrin Şenbil
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Pagenkopp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Frank Scheffold
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Kim HS, Mason TG. Advances and challenges in the rheology of concentrated emulsions and nanoemulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 247:397-412. [PMID: 28821349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We review advances that have been made in the rheology of concentrated emulsions and nanoemulsions, which can serve as model soft materials that have highly tunable viscoelastic properties at droplet volume fractions near and above the glass transition and jamming point. As revealed by experiments, simulations, and theoretical models, interfacial and positional structures of droplets can depend on the applied flow history and osmotic pressure that an emulsion has experienced, thereby influencing its key rheological properties such as viscoelastic moduli, yield stress and strain, and flow behavior. We emphasize studies of monodisperse droplets, since these have led to breakthroughs in the fundamental understanding of dispersed soft matter. This review also covers the rheological properties of attractive emulsions, which can exhibit a dominant elasticity even at droplet volume fractions far below maximal random jamming of hard spheres.
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Malmir H, Sahimi M, Rahimi Tabar MR. Statistical characterization of microstructure of packings of polydisperse hard cubes. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:052902. [PMID: 28618643 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.052902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polydisperse packings of cubic particles arise in several important problems. Examples include zeolite microcubes that represent catalytic materials, fluidization of such microcubes in catalytic reactors, fabrication of new classes of porous materials with precise control of their morphology, and several others. We present the results of detailed and extensive simulation and microstructural characterization of packings of nonoverlapping polydisperse cubic particles. The packings are generated via a modified random sequential-addition algorithm. Two probability density functions (PDFs) for the particle-size distribution, the Schulz and log-normal PDFs, are used. The packings are analyzed, and their random close-packing density is computed as a function of the parameters of the two PDFs. The maximum packing fraction for the highest degree of polydispersivity is estimated to be about 0.81, much higher than 0.57 for the monodisperse packings. In addition, a variety of microstructural descriptors have been calculated and analyzed. In particular, we show that (i) an approximate analytical expression for the structure factor of Percus-Yevick fluids of polydisperse hard spheres with the Schulz PDF also predicts all the qualitative features of the structure factor of the packings that we study; (ii) as the packings become more polydisperse, their behavior resembles increasingly that of an ideal system-"ideal gas"-with little or no correlations; and (iii) the mean survival time and mean relaxation time of a diffusing species in the packings increase with increasing degrees of polydispersivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessam Malmir
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1211, USA
| | - Muhammad Sahimi
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1211, USA
| | - M Reza Rahimi Tabar
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9161, Iran
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Helgeson ME. Colloidal behavior of nanoemulsions: Interactions, structure, and rheology. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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