1
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Zhang Y, Fodor É. Pulsating Active Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:238302. [PMID: 38134789 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.238302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We reveal that the mechanical pulsation of locally synchronized particles is a generic route to propagate deformation waves. We consider a model of dense repulsive particles whose activity drives periodic change in size of each individual. The dynamics is inspired by biological tissues where cells consume fuel to sustain active deformation. We show that the competition between repulsion and synchronization triggers an instability which promotes a wealth of dynamical patterns, ranging from spiral waves to defect turbulence. We identify the mechanisms underlying the emergence of patterns, and characterize the corresponding transitions. By coarse-graining the dynamics, we propose a hydrodynamic description of an assembly of pulsating particles, and discuss an analogy with reaction-diffusion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Étienne Fodor
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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2
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Lei Y, Ni R. How does a hyperuniform fluid freeze? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312866120. [PMID: 37988461 PMCID: PMC10691242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312866120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
All phase transitions can be categorized into two different types: continuous and discontinuous phase transitions. Discontinuous phase transitions are normally accompanied with significant structural changes, and nearly all of them have the kinetic pathway of nucleation and growth, if the system does not suffer from glassy dynamics. Here, in a system of barrier-controlled reactive particles, we find that the discontinuous freezing transition of a nonequilibrium hyperuniform fluid into an absorbing state does not have the kinetic pathway of nucleation and growth, and the transition is triggered by long-wavelength fluctuations. The transition rate decreases with increasing the system size, which suggests that the metastable hyperuniform fluid could be kinetically stable in an infinitely large system. This challenges the common understanding of metastability in discontinuous phase transitions. Moreover, we find that the "metastable yet kinetically stable" hyperuniform fluid features a scaling in the structure factor [Formula: see text] in 2D, which is the third dynamic hyperuniform state in addition to the critical hyperuniform state with [Formula: see text] and the nonequilibrium hyperuniform fluid with [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637459, Singapore
| | - Ran Ni
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637459, Singapore
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3
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Parisi DR, Wiebke LE, Mandl JN, Textor J. Flow rate resonance of actively deforming particles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9455. [PMID: 37301896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid organs are unusual multicellular tissues: they are densely packed, but the lymphocytes trafficking through them are actively moving. We hypothesize that the intriguing ability of lymphocytes to avoid jamming and clogging is in part attributable to the dynamic shape changes that cells undergo when they move. In this work, we test this hypothesis by investigating an idealized system, namely, the flow of self-propelled, oscillating particles passing through a narrow constriction in two dimensions (2D), using numerical simulations. We found that deformation allows particles with these properties to flow through a narrow constriction in conditions when non-deformable particles would not be able to do so. Such a flowing state requires the amplitude and frequency of oscillations to exceed threshold values. Moreover, a resonance leading to the maximum flow rate was found when the oscillation frequency matched the natural frequency of the particle related to its elastic stiffness. To our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been described previously. Our findings could have important implications for understanding and controlling flow in a variety of systems in addition to lymphoid organs, such as granular flows subjected to vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Parisi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), CONICET, C.A. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lucas E Wiebke
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), C.A. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Johannes Textor
- Data Science group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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4
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Kroo LA, Bull MS, Prakash M. Active foam: the adaptive mechanics of 2D air-liquid foam under cyclic inflation. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2539-2553. [PMID: 36942719 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Foam is a canonical example of disordered soft matter where local force balance leads to the competition of many metastable configurations. We present an experimental and theoretical framework for "active foam" where an individual voxel inflates and deflates periodically. Local periodic activity leads to irreversible and reversible T1 transitions throughout the foam, eventually reaching a reversible limit cycle. Individual vertices displace outwards and subsequently return back to their approximate original radial position; this radial displacement follows an inverse law. Surprisingly, each return trajectory does not retrace its outbound path but encloses a finite area, with a clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) direction, which we define as a local swirl. These swirls form coherent patterns spanning the scale of the material. Using a dynamical model, we demonstrate that swirl arises from disorder in the local micro-structure. We demonstrate that disorder and strain-rate control a crossover between cooperation and competition between swirls in adjacent vertices. Over 5-10 cycles, the region around the active voxel structurally adapts from a higher-energy metastable state to a lower-energy state, locally ordering and stiffening the structure. The coherent domains of CW/CCW swirl become smaller as the system stabilizes, indicative of a process similar to the Hall-Petch effect. Finally, we introduce a statistical model that evolves edge lengths with a set of rules to explore how this class of materials adapts as a function of initial structure. Adding activity to foam couples structural disorder and adaptive dynamics to encourage the development of a new class of abiotic, cellularized active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Kroo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, USA
| | | | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, USA.
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5
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Manning ML. Essay: Collections of Deformable Particles Present Exciting Challenges for Soft Matter and Biological Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:130002. [PMID: 37067323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.130002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The field of soft matter physics has expanded rapidly over the past several decades, as physicists realize that a broad set of materials and systems are amenable to a physical understanding based on the interplay of entropy, elasticity, and geometry. The fields of biological physics and the physics of living systems have similarly emerged as bona fide independent areas of physics in part because tools from molecular and cell biology and optical physics allow scientists to make new quantitative measurements to test physical principles in living systems. This Essay will highlight two exciting future challenges I see at the intersection of these two fields: characterizing emergent behavior and harnessing actuation in highly deformable active objects. I will attempt to show how this topic is a natural extension of older and more recent discoveries and why I think it is likely to unfurl into a wide range of projects that can transform both fields. Progress in this area will enable new platforms for creating adaptive smart materials that can execute large-scale changes in shape in response to stimuli and improve our understanding of biological function, potentially allowing us to identify new targets for fighting disease. Part of a series of Essays which concisely present author visions for the future of their field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lisa Manning
- Syracuse University, Department of Physics and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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6
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Menath J, Mohammadi R, Grauer JC, Deters C, Böhm M, Liebchen B, Janssen LMC, Löwen H, Vogel N. Acoustic Crystallization of 2D Colloidal Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206593. [PMID: 36281801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
2D colloidal crystallization provides a simple strategy to produce defined nanostructure arrays over macroscopic areas. Regularity and long-range order of such crystals is essential to ensure functionality, but difficult to achieve in self-assembling systems. Here, a simple loudspeaker setup for the acoustic crystallization of 2D colloidal crystals (ACDC) of polystyrene, microgels, and core-shell particles at liquid interfaces is introduced. This setup anneals an interfacial colloidal monolayer and affords an increase in average grain size by almost two orders of magnitude. The order is characterized via the structural color of the colloidal crystal, the acoustic annealing process is optimized via the frequency and the amplitude of the applied sound wave, and its efficiency is rationalized via the surface coverage-dependent interactions within the interfacial colloidal monolayer. Computer simulations show that multiple rearrangement mechanisms at different length scales, from the local motion around voids to grain boundary movements via consecutive particle rotations around common centers, collude to remove defects. The experimentally simple ACDC process, paired with the demonstrated applicability toward complex particle systems, provides access to highly defined nanostructure arrays for a wide range of research communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Menath
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Christian Grauer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudius Deters
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maike Böhm
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benno Liebchen
- Institute of Physics: Theory of Soft Matter, Technical University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 12, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Liesbeth M C Janssen
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Göth N, Baul U, Dzubiella J. Active responsive colloids driven by intrinsic dichotomous noise. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064611. [PMID: 36671078 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of intrinsic noise on the structure and dynamics of responsive colloids (RCs), which actively change their size and mutual interactions. The colloidal size is explicitly resolved in our RC model as an internal degree of freedom (DOF) in addition to the particle translation. A Hertzian pair potential between the RCs leads to repulsion and shrinking of the particles, resulting in an explicit responsiveness of the system to self-crowding. To render the colloids active, their size is internally driven by a dichotomous noise, randomly switching ("breathing") between growing and shrinking states with a predefined rate, as motivated by recent experiments on synthetic active colloids. The polydispersity of this dichotomous active responsive colloid (D-ARC) model can be tuned by the parameters of the noise. Utilizing stochastic computer simulations, we study crowding effects on the spatial distributions, relaxation times, and self-diffusion of dense suspensions of the D-ARCs. We find a substantial influence of the "built-in" intrinsic noise on the system's behavior, in particular, transitions from unimodal to bimodal size distributions for an increasing colloid density as well as intrinsic noise-modified diffusive translational dynamics. We conclude that controlling the noise of internal DOFs of a macromolecule or cell is a powerful tool for active colloidal materials to enable autonomous changes in the system's collective structure and dynamics towards the adaptation of macroscopic properties to external perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Göth
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Upayan Baul
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Behra JS, Thiriez A, Truzzolillo D, Ramos L, Cipelletti L. Controlling the volume fraction of glass-forming colloidal suspensions using thermosensitive host "mesogels". J Chem Phys 2022; 156:134901. [PMID: 35395903 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The key parameter controlling the glass transition of colloidal suspensions is φ, the fraction of the sample volume occupied by the particles. Unfortunately, changing φ by varying an external parameter, e.g., temperature T as in molecular glass formers, is not possible, unless one uses thermosensitive colloidal particles, such as the popular poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) microgels. These, however, have several drawbacks, including high deformability, osmotic deswelling, and interpenetration, which complicate their use as a model system to study the colloidal glass transition. Here, we propose a new system consisting of a colloidal suspension of non-deformable spherical silica nanoparticles, in which PNiPAM hydrogel spheres of ∼100-200μm size are suspended. These non-colloidal "mesogels" allow for controlling the sample volume effectively available to the silica nanoparticles and hence their φ, thanks to the T-induced change in mesogels' volume. Using optical microscopy, we first show that the mesogels retain their ability to change size with T when suspended in Ludox suspensions, similarly as in water. We then show that their size is independent of the sample thermal history such that a well-defined, reversible relationship between T and φ may be established. Finally, we use space-resolved dynamic light scattering to demonstrate that, upon varying T, our system exhibits a broad range of dynamical behaviors across the glass transition and beyond, comparable with those exhibited by a series of distinct silica nanoparticle suspensions of various φ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Behra
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - A Thiriez
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - D Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - L Ramos
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - L Cipelletti
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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9
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Lei QL, Hu H, Ni R. Barrier-controlled nonequilibrium criticality in reactive particle systems. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:052607. [PMID: 34134288 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.052607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium critical phenomena generally exist in many dynamic systems, like chemical reactions and some driven-dissipative reactive particle systems. Here, by using computer simulation and theoretical analysis, we demonstrate the crucial role of the activation barrier on the criticality of dynamic phase transitions in a minimal reactive hard-sphere model. We find that at zero thermal noise, with increasing the activation barrier, the type of transition changes from a continuous conserved directed percolation into a discontinuous dynamic transition by crossing a tricritical point. A mean-field theory combined with field simulation is proposed to explain this phenomenon. The possibility of Ising-type criticality in the nonequilibrium system at finite thermal noise is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Li Lei
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Hao Hu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ran Ni
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
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10
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Abstract
Contact inhibition is a cell property that limits the migration and proliferation of cells in crowded environments. Here we investigate the growth dynamics of a cell colony composed of migrating and proliferating cells on a substrate using a minimal model that incorporates the mechanisms of contact inhibition of locomotion and proliferation. We find two distinct regimes. At early times, when contact inhibition is weak, the colony grows exponentially in time, fully characterised by the proliferation rate. At long times, the colony boundary moves at a constant speed, determined only by the migration speed of a single cell and independent of the proliferation rate. Further, the model demonstrates how cell-cell alignment speeds up colony growth. Our model illuminates how simple local mechanical interactions give rise to contact inhibition, and from this, how cell colony growth is self-organised and controlled on a local level.
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11
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Nagasawa K, Miyazaki K, Kawasaki T. Classification of the reversible-irreversible transitions in particle trajectories across the jamming transition point. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7557-7566. [PMID: 31528879 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01488h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The reversible-irreversible (RI) transition of particle trajectories in athermal colloidal suspensions under cyclic shear deformation is an archetypal nonequilibrium phase transition which has attracted much attention recently. Most studies of the RI transitions have focused on either dilute limit or very high densities well above the jamming transition point. The transition between the two limiting cases is largely unexplored. In this paper, we study the RI transition of athermal frictionless colloidal particles over a wide range of densities, with emphasis on the region below φJ, by using oscillatory sheared molecular dynamics simulation. We reveal that the nature of the RI transitions in the intermediate densities is very rich. As demonstrated by the previous work by Schreck et al. [Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys., 2013, 88, 052205], there exist the point-reversible and the loop-reversible phases depending on the density and the shear strain amplitude. We find that, between the two reversible phases, a quasi-irreversible phase where the particles' trajectories are highly non-affine and diffusive. The averaged number of contacts of particles is found to characterize the phase boundaries. We also find that the system undergoes the yielding transition below but in the vicinity of φJ when the strain with a small but finite strain rate is applied. This yielding transition line matches with the RI transition line separating the loop-reversible from the irreversible phases. Surprisingly, the nonlinear rheological response called "softening" has been observed even below φJ. These findings imply that geometrical properties encoded in the sheared configurations control the dynamical transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nagasawa
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Kawasaki
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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12
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Le Goff M, Bertin E, Martens K. Criticality at a Finite Strain Rate in Fluidized Soft Glassy Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:108003. [PMID: 31573292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the emergence of critical dynamics in the steady shear rheology of fluidized soft glassy materials. Within a mesoscale elastoplastic model accounting for a shear band instability, we show how additional noise can induce a transition from a phase separated to homogeneous flow, accompanied by critical-like fluctuations of the macroscopic shear rate. Both macroscopic quantities and fluctuations exhibit power law behaviors in the vicinity of this transition, consistent with previous experimental findings on vibrated granular media. Altogether, our results suggest a generic scenario for the emergence of criticality when shear weakening mechanisms compete with a fluidizing noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Le Goff
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Bertin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kirsten Martens
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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13
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Campo M, Schnyder SK, Molina JJ, Speck T, Yamamoto R. Spontaneous spatiotemporal ordering of shape oscillations enhances cell migration. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4939-4946. [PMID: 31169857 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The migration of cells is relevant for processes such as morphogenesis, wound healing, and invasion of cancer cells. In order to move, single cells deform cyclically. However, it is not understood how these shape oscillations influence collective properties. Here we demonstrate, using numerical simulations, that the interplay of directed motion, shape oscillations, and excluded volume enables cells to locally "synchronize" their motion and thus enhance collective migration. Our model captures elongation and contraction of crawling ameboid cells controlled by an internal clock with a fixed period, mimicking the internal cycle of biological cells. We show that shape oscillations are crucial for local rearrangements that induce ordering of neighboring cells according to their internal clocks even in the absence of signaling and regularization. Our findings reveal a novel, purely physical mechanism through which the internal dynamics of cells influences their collective behavior, which is distinct from well known mechanisms like chemotaxis, cell division, and cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Campo
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7-9, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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14
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Shan WJ, Zhang F, Tian WD, Chen K. Assembly structures and dynamics of active colloidal cells. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4761-4770. [PMID: 31150037 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many types of active matter are deformable, such as epithelial cells and bacteria. To mimic the feature of deformability, we built a model called an active colloidal cell (ACC), i.e. a vesicle enclosed with self-propelled particles (SPPs), which as a whole can move actively. Based on the model, we then study the role of deformability in the assembly structures and dynamics of ACCs by Langevin dynamics simulation. We find that deformability weakens the self-trapping effect and hence suppresses the clustering and phase separation of the deformable soft ACCs (sACCs). Instead of forming a large compact cluster like ordinary SPPs, sACCs pack into a loose network or porous structure in the phase-separation region. The condensed phase is liquid-like, in which sACCs are strongly compressed and deformed but still keep high motility. The interface between the gas and the condensed phases is blurry and unstable, and the effective interfacial energy is very low. Our work gives new insights into the role of deformability in the assembly of active matter and also provides a reference for further studies on different types of deformable active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Shan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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15
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Berthier L, Flenner E, Szamel G. Glassy dynamics in dense systems of active particles. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:200901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5093240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221 CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elijah Flenner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Grzegorz Szamel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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16
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Smith AR, Thompson IR, Walker AB. Simulating morphologies of organic semiconductors by exploiting low-frequency vibrational modes. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:164115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5088895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Thompson
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Alison B. Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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17
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Togashi Y. Modeling of Nanomachine/Micromachine Crowds: Interplay between the Internal State and Surroundings. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1481-1490. [PMID: 30681855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The activity of biological cells is primarily based on chemical reactions and typically modeled as a reaction-diffusion system. Cells are, however, highly crowded with macromolecules, including a variety of molecular machines such as enzymes. The working cycles of these machines are often coupled with their internal motion (conformational changes). In the crowded environment of a cell, motion interference between neighboring molecules is not negligible, and this interference can affect the reaction dynamics through machine operation. To simulate such a situation, we propose a reaction-diffusion model consisting of particles whose shape depends on an internal state variable, for crowds of nano- to micromachines. The interference between nearby particles is naturally introduced through excluded volume repulsion. In the simulations, we observed segregation and flow-like patterns enhanced by crowding out of relevant molecules, as well as molecular synchronization waves and phase transitions. The presented model is simple and extensible for diverse molecular machinery and may serve as a framework to study the interplay between the mechanical stress/strain network and the chemical reaction network in the cell. Applications to more macroscopic systems, e.g., crowds of cells, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Togashi
- Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics (RcMcD), Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) , 3-10-23 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046 , Japan.,Cybermedia Center , Osaka University , 5-1 Mihogaoka , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
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18
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Lei QL, Ciamarra MP, Ni R. Nonequilibrium strongly hyperuniform fluids of circle active particles with large local density fluctuations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7423. [PMID: 30746459 PMCID: PMC6357732 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Disordered hyperuniform structures are an exotic state of matter having vanishing long-wavelength density fluctuations similar to perfect crystals but without long-range order. Although its importance in materials science has been brought to the fore in past decades, the rational design of experimentally realizable disordered strongly hyperuniform microstructures remains challenging. Here we find a new type of nonequilibrium fluid with strong hyperuniformity in two-dimensional systems of chiral active particles, where particles perform independent circular motions of the radius R with the same handedness. This new hyperuniform fluid features a special length scale, i.e., the diameter of the circular trajectory of particles, below which large density fluctuations are observed. By developing a dynamic mean-field theory, we show that the large local density fluctuations can be explained as a motility-induced microphase separation, while the Fickian diffusion at large length scales and local center-of-mass-conserved noises are responsible for the global hyperuniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Li Lei
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Massimo Pica Ciamarra
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ran Ni
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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Ness C, Mari R, Cates ME. Shaken and stirred: Random organization reduces viscosity and dissipation in granular suspensions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3296. [PMID: 29670944 PMCID: PMC5903884 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The viscosity of suspensions of large (≥10 μm) particles diverges at high solid fractions due to proliferation of frictional particle contacts. Reducing friction, to allow or improve flowability, is usually achieved by tuning the composition, either by changing particle sizes and shapes or by adding lubricating molecules. We present numerical simulations that demonstrate a complementary approach whereby the viscosity divergence is shifted by driven flow tuning, using superimposed shear oscillations in various configurations to facilitate a primary flow. The oscillations drive the suspension toward an out-of-equilibrium, absorbing state phase transition, where frictional particle contacts that dominate the viscosity are reduced in a self-organizing manner. The method can allow otherwise jammed states to flow; even for unjammed states, it can substantially decrease the energy dissipated per unit strain. This creates a practicable route to flow enhancement across a broad range of suspensions where compositional tuning is undesirable or problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ness
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - Romain Mari
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LiPhy), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael E. Cates
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
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