1
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Narayanan T. Recent advances in synchrotron scattering methods for probing the structure and dynamics of colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103114. [PMID: 38452431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent progress in synchrotron based X-ray scattering methods applied to colloid science is reviewed. An important figure of merit of these techniques is that they enable in situ investigations of colloidal systems under the desired thermophysical and rheological conditions. An ensemble averaged simultaneous structural and dynamical information can be derived albeit in reciprocal space. Significant improvements in X-ray source brilliance and advances in detector technology have overcome some of the limitations in the past. Notably coherent X-ray scattering techniques have become more competitive and they provide complementary information to laboratory based real space methods. For a system with sufficient scattering contrast, size ranges from nm to several μm and time scales down to μs are now amenable to X-ray scattering investigations. A wide variety of sample environments can be combined with scattering experiments further enriching the science that could be pursued by means of advanced X-ray scattering instruments. Some of these recent progresses are illustrated via representative examples. To derive quantitative information from the scattering data, rigorous data analysis or modeling is required. Development of powerful computational tools including the use of artificial intelligence have become the emerging trend.
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2
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Czajka T, Neuhaus C, Alfken J, Stammer M, Chushkin Y, Pontoni D, Hoffmann C, Milovanovic D, Salditt T. Lipid vesicle pools studied by passive X-ray microrheology. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:123. [PMID: 38060069 PMCID: PMC10703982 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle pools can form by attractive interaction in a solution, mediated by proteins or divalent ions such as calcium. The pools, which are alternatively also denoted as vesicle clusters, form by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) from an initially homogeneous solution. Due to the short range liquid-like order of vesicles in the pool or cluster, the vesicle-rich phase can also be regarded as a condensate, and one would like to better understand not only the structure of these systems, but also their dynamics. The diffusion of vesicles, in particular, is expected to change when vesicles are arrested in a pool. Here we investigate whether passive microrheology based on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is a suitable tool to study model systems of artificial lipid vesicles exhibiting LLPS, and more generally also other heterogeneous biomolecular fluids. We show that by adding highly scattering tracer particles to the solution, valuable information on the single vesicle as well as collective dynamics can be inferred. While the correlation functions reveal freely diffusing tracer particles in solutions at low CaCl[Formula: see text] concentrations, the relaxation rate [Formula: see text] shows a nonlinear dependence on [Formula: see text] at a higher concentration of around 8 mM CaCl[Formula: see text], characterised by two linear regimes with a broad cross-over. We explain this finding based on arrested diffusion in percolating vesicle clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Czajka
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Neuhaus
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jette Alfken
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Stammer
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuriy Chushkin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Diego Pontoni
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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3
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Bergman MR, Hernandez SA, Deffler C, Yeo J, Deravi LF. Design and Characterization of Model Systems that Promote and Disrupt Transparency of Vertebrate Crystallins In Vitro. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303279. [PMID: 37897315 PMCID: PMC10724405 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Positioned within the eye, the lens supports vision by transmitting and focusing light onto the retina. As an adaptive glassy material, the lens is constituted primarily by densely-packed, polydisperse crystallin proteins that organize to resist aggregation and crystallization at high volume fractions, yet the details of how crystallins coordinate with one another to template and maintain this transparent microstructure remain unclear. The role of individual crystallin subtypes (α, β, and γ) and paired subtype compositions, including how they experience and resist crowding-induced turbidity in solution, is explored using combinations of spectrophotometry, hard-sphere simulations, and surface pressure measurements. After assaying crystallin combinations, β-crystallins emerged as a principal component in all mixtures that enabled dense fluid-like packing and short-range order necessary for transparency. These findings helped inform the design of lens-like hydrogel systems, which are used to monitor and manipulate the loss of transparency under different crowding conditions. When taken together, the findings illustrate the design and characterization of adaptive materials made from lens proteins that can be used to better understand mechanisms regulating transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AveBostonMA02115USA
| | - Sophia A. Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AveBostonMA02115USA
| | - Caitlin Deffler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AveBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringCornell University413 Upson Hall, 124 Hoy RdIthacaNY14850USA
| | - Leila F. Deravi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AveBostonMA02115USA
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4
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Bin M, Reiser M, Filianina M, Berkowicz S, Das S, Timmermann S, Roseker W, Bauer R, Öström J, Karina A, Amann-Winkel K, Ladd-Parada M, Westermeier F, Sprung M, Möller J, Lehmkühler F, Gutt C, Perakis F. Coherent X-ray Scattering Reveals Nanoscale Fluctuations in Hydrated Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37209106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrated proteins undergo a transition in the deeply supercooled regime, which is attributed to rapid changes in hydration water and protein structural dynamics. Here, we investigate the nanoscale stress-relaxation in hydrated lysozyme proteins stimulated and probed by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). This approach allows us to access the nanoscale dynamics in the deeply supercooled regime (T = 180 K), which is typically not accessible through equilibrium methods. The observed stimulated dynamic response is attributed to collective stress-relaxation as the system transitions from a jammed granular state to an elastically driven regime. The relaxation time constants exhibit Arrhenius temperature dependence upon cooling with a minimum in the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts exponent at T = 227 K. The observed minimum is attributed to an increase in dynamical heterogeneity, which coincides with enhanced fluctuations observed in the two-time correlation functions and a maximum in the dynamic susceptibility quantified by the normalized variance χT. The amplification of fluctuations is consistent with previous studies of hydrated proteins, which indicate the key role of density and enthalpy fluctuations in hydration water. Our study provides new insights into X-ray stimulated stress-relaxation and the underlying mechanisms behind spatiotemporal fluctuations in biological granular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Bin
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariia Filianina
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon Berkowicz
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Timmermann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bauer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Freiberg Water Research Center, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jonatan Öström
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aigerim Karina
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Chushkin Y, Gulotta A, Roosen-Runge F, Pal A, Stradner A, Schurtenberger P. Probing Cage Relaxation in Concentrated Protein Solutions by X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:238001. [PMID: 36563210 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.238001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion of proteins on length scales of their size is crucial for understanding the machinery of living cells. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is currently the only way to access long-time collective diffusion on these length scales, but radiation damage so far limits the use in biological systems. We apply a new approach to use XPCS to measure cage relaxation in crowded α-crystallin solutions. This allows us to correct for radiation effects, obtain missing information on long time diffusion, and support the fundamental analogy between protein and colloid dynamical arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Chushkin
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alessandro Gulotta
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Felix Roosen-Runge
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Sweden
| | - Antara Pal
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Stradner
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Institute of advanced Neutron and X-ray Science LINXS, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Schurtenberger
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Institute of advanced Neutron and X-ray Science LINXS, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Switalski K, Fan J, Li L, Chu M, Sarnello E, Jemian P, Li T, Wang Q, Zhang Q. Direct measurement of Stokes-Einstein diffusion of Cowpea mosaic virus with 19 µs-resolved XPCS. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1429-1435. [PMID: 36345751 PMCID: PMC9641563 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522008402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brownian motion of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in water was measured using small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (SA-XPCS) at 19.2 µs time resolution. It was found that the decorrelation time τ(Q) = 1/DQ2 up to Q = 0.091 nm-1. The hydrodynamic radius RH determined from XPCS using Stokes-Einstein diffusion D = kT/(6πηRH) is 43% larger than the geometric radius R0 determined from SAXS in the 0.007 M K3PO4 buffer solution, whereas it is 80% larger for CPMV in 0.5 M NaCl and 104% larger in 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4, a possible effect of aggregation as well as slight variation of the structures of the capsid resulting from the salt-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Switalski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Luxi Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Miaoqi Chu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Erik Sarnello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Pete Jemian
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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7
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Beck C, Grimaldo M, Lopez H, Da Vela S, Sohmen B, Zhang F, Oettel M, Barrat JL, Roosen-Runge F, Schreiber F, Seydel T. Short-Time Transport Properties of Bidisperse Suspensions of Immunoglobulins and Serum Albumins Consistent with a Colloid Physics Picture. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7400-7408. [PMID: 36112146 PMCID: PMC9527755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The crowded environment of biological systems such as
the interior
of living cells is occupied by macromolecules with a broad size distribution.
This situation of polydispersity might influence the dependence of
the diffusive dynamics of a given tracer macromolecule in a monodisperse
solution on its hydrodynamic size and on the volume fraction. The
resulting size dependence of diffusive transport crucially influences
the function of a living cell. Here, we investigate a simplified model
system consisting of two constituents in aqueous solution, namely,
of the proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine polyclonal gamma-globulin
(Ig), systematically depending on the total volume fraction and ratio
of these constituents. From high-resolution quasi-elastic neutron
spectroscopy, the separate apparent short-time diffusion coefficients
for BSA and Ig in the mixture are extracted, which show substantial
deviations from the diffusion coefficients measured in monodisperse
solutions at the same total volume fraction. These deviations can
be modeled quantitatively using results from the short-time rotational
and translational diffusion in a two-component hard sphere system
with two distinct, effective hydrodynamic radii. Thus, we find that
a simple colloid picture well describes short-time diffusion in binary
mixtures as a function of the mixing ratio and the total volume fraction.
Notably, the self-diffusion of the smaller protein BSA in the mixture
is faster than the diffusion in a pure BSA solution, whereas the self-diffusion
of Ig in the mixture is slower than in the pure Ig solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Beck
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institut Max von Laue─Paul Langevin (ILL), CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marco Grimaldo
- Institut Max von Laue─Paul Langevin (ILL), CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Hender Lopez
- School of Physics and Optometric & Clinical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 XT95 Grangegorman, Ireland
| | - Stefano Da Vela
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sohmen
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Oettel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Felix Roosen-Runge
- Department of Biomedical Science and Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilo Seydel
- Institut Max von Laue─Paul Langevin (ILL), CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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8
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Dallari F, Jain A, Sikorski M, Möller J, Bean R, Boesenberg U, Frenzel L, Goy C, Hallmann J, Kim Y, Lokteva I, Markmann V, Mills G, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Roseker W, Scholz M, Shayduk R, Vagovic P, Walther M, Westermeier F, Madsen A, Mancuso AP, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. Microsecond hydrodynamic interactions in dense colloidal dispersions probed at the European XFEL. IUCRJ 2021; 8:775-783. [PMID: 34584738 PMCID: PMC8420773 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521006333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many soft-matter systems are composed of macromolecules or nanoparticles suspended in water. The characteristic times at intrinsic length scales of a few nanometres fall therefore in the microsecond and sub-microsecond time regimes. With the development of free-electron lasers (FELs) and fourth-generation synchrotron light-sources, time-resolved experiments in such time and length ranges will become routinely accessible in the near future. In the present work we report our findings on prototypical soft-matter systems, composed of charge-stabilized silica nanoparticles dispersed in water, with radii between 12 and 15 nm and volume fractions between 0.005 and 0.2. The sample dynamics were probed by means of X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, employing the megahertz pulse repetition rate of the European XFEL and the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector. We show that it is possible to correctly identify the dynamical properties that determine the diffusion constant, both for stationary samples and for systems driven by XFEL pulses. Remarkably, despite the high photon density the only observable induced effect is the heating of the scattering volume, meaning that all other X-ray induced effects do not influence the structure and the dynamics on the probed timescales. This work also illustrates the potential to control such induced heating and it can be predicted with thermodynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Avni Jain
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Richard Bean
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Lara Frenzel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Goy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Hallmann
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Irina Lokteva
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Markmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grant Mills
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Roman Shayduk
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Patrik Vagovic
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Walther
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Adrian P. Mancuso
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VC 3086, Australia
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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9
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From Femtoseconds to Hours—Measuring Dynamics over 18 Orders of Magnitude with Coherent X-rays. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11136179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) enables the study of sample dynamics between micrometer and atomic length scales. As a coherent scattering technique, it benefits from the increased brilliance of the next-generation synchrotron radiation and Free-Electron Laser (FEL) sources. In this article, we will introduce the XPCS concepts and review the latest developments of XPCS with special attention on the extension of accessible time scales to sub-μs and the application of XPCS at FELs. Furthermore, we will discuss future opportunities of XPCS and the related technique X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy (XSVS) at new X-ray sources. Due to its particular signal-to-noise ratio, the time scales accessible by XPCS scale with the square of the coherent flux, allowing to dramatically extend its applications. This will soon enable studies over more than 18 orders of magnitude in time by XPCS and XSVS.
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10
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Girelli A, Rahmann H, Begam N, Ragulskaya A, Reiser M, Chandran S, Westermeier F, Sprung M, Zhang F, Gutt C, Schreiber F. Microscopic Dynamics of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Domain Coarsening in a Protein Solution Revealed by X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:138004. [PMID: 33861109 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.138004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While the interplay between liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and glass formation in biological systems is highly relevant for their structure formation and thus function, the exact underlying mechanisms are not well known. The kinetic arrest originates from the slowdown at the molecular level, but how this propagates to the dynamics of microscopic phase domains is not clear. Since with diffusion, viscoelasticity, and hydrodynamics, distinctly different mechanisms are at play, the dynamics needs to be monitored on the relevant time and length scales and compared to theories of phase separation. Using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we determine the LLPS dynamics of a model protein solution upon low temperature quenches and find distinctly different dynamical regimes. We observe that the early stage LLPS is driven by the curvature of the free energy and speeds up upon increasing quench depth. In contrast, the late stage dynamics slows down with increasing quench depth, fingerprinting a nearby glass transition. The dynamics observed shows a ballistic type of motion, implying that viscoelasticity plays an important role during LLPS. We explore possible explanations based on the Cahn-Hilliard theory with nontrivial mobility parameters and find that these can only partially explain our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rahmann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Ragulskaya
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL, Holzkoppel 4,22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sivasurender Chandran
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Lurio LB, Thurston GM, Zhang Q, Narayanan S, Dufresne EM. Use of continuous sample translation to reduce radiation damage for XPCS studies of protein diffusion. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:490-498. [PMID: 33650561 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An experimental setup to measure X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy during continuous sample translation is presented and its effectiveness as a means to avoid sample damage in dynamics studies of protein diffusion is evaluated. X-ray damage from focused coherent synchrotron radiation remains below tolerable levels as long as the sample is translated through the beam sufficiently quickly. Here it is shown that it is possible to separate sample dynamics from the effects associated with the transit of the sample through the beam. By varying the sample translation rate, the damage threshold level, Dthresh = 1.8 kGy, for when beam damage begins to modify the dynamics under the conditions used, is also determined. Signal-to-noise ratios, Rsn ≥ 20, are obtained down to the shortest delay times of 20 µs. The applicability of this method of data collection to the next generation of multi-bend achromat synchrotron sources is discussed and it is shown that sub-microsecond dynamics should be obtainable on protein samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence B Lurio
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - George M Thurston
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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12
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Perakis F, Gutt C. Towards molecular movies with X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 22:19443-19453. [PMID: 32870200 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03551c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective article we highlight research opportunities and challenges in probing structural dynamics of molecular systems using X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). The development of new X-ray sources, such as 4th generation storage rings and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), provides promising new insights into molecular motion. Employing XPCS at these sources allows to capture a very broad range of timescales and lengthscales, spanning from femtoseconds to minutes and atomic scales to the mesoscale. Here, we discuss the scientific questions that can be addressed with these novel tools for two prominent examples: the dynamics of proteins in biomolecular condensates and the dynamics of supercooled water. Finally, we provide practical tips for designing and estimating feasibility of XPCS experiments as well as on detecting and mitigating radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany.
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13
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Zhang Q, Dufresne EM, Nakaye Y, Jemian PR, Sakumura T, Sakuma Y, Ferrara JD, Maj P, Hassan A, Bahadur D, Ramakrishnan S, Khan F, Veseli S, Sandy AR, Schwarz N, Narayanan S. 20 µs-resolved high-throughput X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy on a 500k pixel detector enabled by data-management workflow. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:259-265. [PMID: 33399576 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520014319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of the new 52 kHz frame rate Rigaku XSPA-500k detector was characterized on beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) applications. Due to the large data flow produced by this detector (0.2 PB of data per 24 h of continuous operation), a workflow system was deployed that uses the Advanced Photon Source data-management (DM) system and high-performance software to rapidly reduce area-detector data to multi-tau and two-time correlation functions in near real time, providing human-in-the-loop feedback to experimenters. The utility and performance of the workflow system are demonstrated via its application to a variety of small-angle XPCS measurements acquired from different detectors in different XPCS measurement modalities. The XSPA-500k detector, the software and the DM workflow system allow for the efficient acquisition and reduction of up to ∼109 area-detector data frames per day, facilitating the application of XPCS to measuring samples with weak scattering and fast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yasukazu Nakaye
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pete R Jemian
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Takuto Sakumura
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sakuma
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joseph D Ferrara
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Piotr Maj
- AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Asra Hassan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Divya Bahadur
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Subramanian Ramakrishnan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Faisal Khan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sinisa Veseli
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alec R Sandy
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas Schwarz
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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14
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Dufresne EM, Narayanan S, Reininger R, Sandy AR, Lurio L. Focusing a round coherent beam by spatial filtering the horizontal source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1528-1538. [PMID: 33147178 PMCID: PMC7842205 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520012163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the use of spatial filtering with a horizontal slit near the source to enlarge the horizontal coherence in an experimental station and produce a diffraction-limited round focus at an insertion device beamline for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments. Simple expressions are provided to guide the optical layout, and wave propagation simulations confirm their applicability. The two-dimensional focusing performance of Be compound refractive lenses to produce a round diffraction-limited focus at 11 keV capable of generating a high-contrast speckle pattern of an aerogel sample is demonstrated. The coherent scattering patterns have comparable speckle sizes in both horizontal and vertical directions. The focal spot sizes are consistent with hybrid ray-tracing calculations. Producing a two-dimensional focus on the sample can be helpful to resolve speckle patterns with modern pixel array detectors with high visibility. This scheme has now been in use since 2019 for the 8-ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, sharing the undulator beam with two separate beamlines, 8-ID-E and 8-ID-I at 7.35 keV, with increased partially coherent flux, reduced horizontal spot sizes on samples, and good speckle contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Dufresne
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ruben Reininger
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alec R. Sandy
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Larry Lurio
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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15
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Sheyfer D, Zhang Q, Lal J, Loeffler T, Dufresne EM, Sandy AR, Narayanan S, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Szczygiel R, Maj P, Soderholm L, Antonio MR, Stephenson GB. Nanoscale Critical Phenomena in a Complex Fluid Studied by X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:125504. [PMID: 33016761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.125504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The advent of high-speed x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy now allows the study of critical phenomena in fluids to much smaller length scales and over a wider range of temperatures than is possible with dynamic light scattering. We present an x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy study of critical fluctuation dynamics in a complex fluid typical of those used in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of ions, dodecane-DMDBTDMA with extracted aqueous Ce(NO_{3})_{3}. We observe good agreement with both static and dynamic scaling without the need for significant noncritical background corrections. Critical exponents agree with 3D Ising values, and the fluctuation dynamics are described by simple exponential relaxation. The form of the dynamic master curve deviates somewhat from the Kawasaki result, with a more abrupt transition between the critical and noncritical asymptotic behavior. The concepts of critical phenomena thus provide a quantitative framework for understanding the structure and dynamics of LLE systems and a path forward to new LLE processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sheyfer
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Lal
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - T Loeffler
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E M Dufresne
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A R Sandy
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Narayanan
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S K R S Sankaranarayanan
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - R Szczygiel
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - P Maj
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - L Soderholm
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M R Antonio
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G B Stephenson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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16
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Micro- and macro-viscosity relations in high concentration antibody solutions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:211-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Möller J, Sprung M, Madsen A, Gutt C. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy of protein dynamics at nearly diffraction-limited storage rings. IUCRJ 2019; 6:794-803. [PMID: 31576213 PMCID: PMC6760446 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519008273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the possibility of measuring the dynamics of proteins in solution using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) at nearly diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs). We calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of XPCS experiments from a concentrated lysozyme solution at the length scale of the hydrodynamic radius of the protein molecule. We take into account limitations given by the critical X-ray dose and find expressions for the SNR as a function of beam size, sample-to-detector distance and photon energy. Specifically, we show that the combined increase in coherent flux and coherence lengths at the DLSR PETRA IV yields an increase in SNR of more than one order of magnitude. The resulting SNR values indicate that XPCS experiments of biological macromolecules on nanometre length scales will become feasible with the advent of a new generation of synchrotron sources. Our findings provide valuable input for the design and construction of future XPCS beamlines at DLSRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Möller
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
- Correspondence e-mail:
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18
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Abstract
Diffusional motion within the crowded environment of the cell is known to be crucial to cellular function as it drives the interactions of proteins. However, the relationships between protein diffusion, shape and interaction, and the evolutionary selection mechanisms that arise as a consequence, have not been investigated. Here, we study the dynamics of triaxial ellipsoids of equivalent steric volume to proteins at different aspect ratios and volume fractions using a combination of Brownian molecular dynamics and geometric packing. In general, proteins are found to have a shape, approximately Golden in aspect ratio, that give rise to the highest critical volume fraction resisting gelation, corresponding to the fastest long-time self-diffusion in the cell. The ellipsoidal shape also directs random collisions between proteins away from sites that would promote aggregation and loss of function to more rapidly evolving nonsticky regions on the surface, and further provides a greater tolerance to mutation.
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19
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Abstract
AbstractThe dynamics of proteins in solution includes a variety of processes, such as backbone and side-chain fluctuations, interdomain motions, as well as global rotational and translational (i.e. center of mass) diffusion. Since protein dynamics is related to protein function and essential transport processes, a detailed mechanistic understanding and monitoring of protein dynamics in solution is highly desirable. The hierarchical character of protein dynamics requires experimental tools addressing a broad range of time- and length scales. We discuss how different techniques contribute to a comprehensive picture of protein dynamics, and focus in particular on results from neutron spectroscopy. We outline the underlying principles and review available instrumentation as well as related analysis frameworks.
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20
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Zinn T, Homs A, Sharpnack L, Tinti G, Fröjdh E, Douissard PA, Kocsis M, Möller J, Chushkin Y, Narayanan T. Ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using the Eiger detector. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1753-1759. [PMID: 30407186 PMCID: PMC6225738 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518013899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Successful implementation of the single-photon-counting Eiger 500k pixel array detector for sub-millisecond X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements in the ultra-small-angle scattering region is reported. The performance is demonstrated by measuring the dynamics of dilute silica colloids in aqueous solvents when the detector is operated at different counter depths, 4, 8 and 12 bit. In the fastest mode involving 4 bit parallel readout, a stable frame rate of 22 kHz is obtained that enabled measurement of intensity-intensity autocorrelation functions with good statistics down to the 50 µs range for a sample with sufficient scattering power. The high frame rate and spatial resolution together with large number of pixels of the detector facilitate the investigation of sub-millisecond dynamics over a broad length scale by multispeckle XPCS. This is illustrated by an example involving phoretic motion of colloids during the phase separation of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Homs
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - L. Sharpnack
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - G Tinti
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - E Fröjdh
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Kocsis
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - J. Möller
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Y. Chushkin
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - T. Narayanan
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence e-mail:
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21
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Zhang Q, Dufresne EM, Narayanan S, Maj P, Koziol A, Szczygiel R, Grybos P, Sutton M, Sandy AR. Sub-microsecond-resolved multi-speckle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy with a pixel array detector. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1408-1416. [PMID: 30179180 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518009074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements spanning delay times from 826 ns to 52.8 s were performed using a photon-counting pixel array detector with a dynamic range of 0-3 (2 bits). Fine resolution and a wide dynamic range of time scales was achieved by combining two modes of operation of the detector: (i) continuous mode, where data acquisition and data readout are performed in parallel with a frame acquisition time of 19.36 µs, and (ii) burst mode, where 12 frames are acquired with frame integration times of either 2.56 µs frame-1 or 826 ns frame-1 followed by 3.49 ms or 1.16 ms, respectively, for readout. The applicability of the detector for performing multi-speckle XPCS was demonstrated by measuring the Brownian dynamics of 10 nm-radius gold and 57 nm-radius silica colloids in water at room temperature. In addition, the capability of the detector to faithfully record one- and two-photon counts was examined by comparing the statistical distribution of photon counts with expected probabilities from the negative binomial distribution. It was found that in burst mode the ratio of 2 s to 1 s is markedly smaller than predicted and that this is attributable to pixel-response dead-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Piotr Maj
- AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Anna Koziol
- AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Robert Szczygiel
- AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Pawel Grybos
- AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Mark Sutton
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 Rue University, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Alec R Sandy
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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