1
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Amplification of elliptically polarized sub-femtosecond pulses in neon-like X-ray laser modulated by an IR field. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6204. [PMID: 35418583 PMCID: PMC9008065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification of attosecond pulses produced via high harmonic generation is a formidable problem since none of the amplifiers can support the corresponding PHz bandwidth. Producing the well defined polarization state common for a set of harmonics required for formation of the circularly/elliptically polarized attosecond pulses (which are on demand for dynamical imaging and coherent control of the spin flip processes) is another big challenge. In this work we show how both problems can be tackled simultaneously on the basis of the same platform, namely, the plasma-based X-ray amplifier whose resonant transition frequency is modulated by an infrared field.
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2
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Song HH, Wang WM, Wang JQ, Li YT, Zhang J. Low-frequency whistler waves excited by relativistic laser pulses. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:053204. [PMID: 33327142 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.053204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is shown by multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations that intense secondary whistler waves with special vortexlike field topology can be excited by a relativistic laser pulse in the highly magnetized, near-critical density plasma. Such whistler waves with lower frequencies obliquely propagate on both sides of the laser propagation axis. The energy conversion rate from laser to whistler waves can exceed 15%. Their dispersion relations and field polarization properties can be well explained by the linear cold-plasma model. The present work presents a new excitation mechanism of whistler modes extending to the relativistic regime and could also be applied in magnetically assisted fast ignition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hang Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Gong T, Habara H, Sumioka K, Yoshimoto M, Hayashi Y, Kawazu S, Otsuki T, Matsumoto T, Minami T, Abe K, Aizawa K, Enmei Y, Fujita Y, Ikegami A, Makiyama H, Okazaki K, Okida K, Tsukamoto T, Arikawa Y, Fujioka S, Iwasa Y, Lee S, Nagatomo H, Shiraga H, Yamanoi K, Wei MS, Tanaka KA. Direct observation of imploded core heating via fast electrons with super-penetration scheme. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5614. [PMID: 31819056 PMCID: PMC6901506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast ignition (FI) is a promising approach for high-energy-gain inertial confinement fusion in the laboratory. To achieve ignition, the energy of a short-pulse laser is required to be delivered efficiently to the pre-compressed fuel core via a high-energy electron beam. Therefore, understanding the transport and energy deposition of this electron beam inside the pre-compressed core is the key for FI. Here we report on the direct observation of the electron beam transport and deposition in a compressed core through the stimulated Cu Kα emission in the super-penetration scheme. Simulations reproducing the experimental measurements indicate that, at the time of peak compression, about 1% of the short-pulse energy is coupled to a relatively low-density core with a radius of 70 μm. Analysis with the support of 2D particle-in-cell simulations uncovers the key factors improving this coupling efficiency. Our findings are of critical importance for optimizing FI experiments in a super-penetration scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gong
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - K Sumioka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Hayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Kawazu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Otsuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Aizawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Enmei
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Fujita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Ikegami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Makiyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Okazaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Okida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Iwasa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Lee
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Nagatomo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Yamanoi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M S Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Extreme Light Infrastructure: Nuclear Physics, 30 Reatorului, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania.
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4
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Ceurvorst L, Savin A, Ratan N, Kasim MF, Sadler J, Norreys PA, Habara H, Tanaka KA, Zhang S, Wei MS, Ivancic S, Froula DH, Theobald W. Channel optimization of high-intensity laser beams in millimeter-scale plasmas. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:043208. [PMID: 29758617 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.043208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Channeling experiments were performed at the OMEGA EP facility using relativistic intensity (>10^{18}W/cm^{2}) kilojoule laser pulses through large density scale length (∼390-570 μm) laser-produced plasmas, demonstrating the effects of the pulse's focal location and intensity as well as the plasma's temperature on the resulting channel formation. The results show deeper channeling when focused into hot plasmas and at lower densities, as expected. However, contrary to previous large-scale particle-in-cell studies, the results also indicate deeper penetration by short (10 ps), intense pulses compared to their longer-duration equivalents. This new observation has many implications for future laser-plasma research in the relativistic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ceurvorst
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - A Savin
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - N Ratan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - M F Kasim
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - J Sadler
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - P A Norreys
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX United Kingdom
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- ELI-NP/IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului Street, Magurele, Ilfov County, P. O. Box MG-6, 077125 Romania
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M S Wei
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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5
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Iwata N, Kojima S, Sentoku Y, Hata M, Mima K. Plasma density limits for hole boring by intense laser pulses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:623. [PMID: 29434203 PMCID: PMC5809619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-power lasers in the relativistic intensity regime with multi-picosecond pulse durations are available in many laboratories around the world. Laser pulses at these intensities reach giga-bar level radiation pressures, which can push the plasma critical surface where laser light is reflected. This process is referred to as the laser hole boring (HB), which is critical for plasma heating, hence essential for laser-based applications. Here we derive the limit density for HB, which is the maximum plasma density the laser can reach, as a function of laser intensity. The time scale for when the laser pulse reaches the limit density is also derived. These theories are confirmed by a series of particle-in-cell simulations. After reaching the limit density, the plasma starts to blowout back toward the laser, and is accompanied by copious superthermal electrons; therefore, the electron energy can be determined by varying the laser pulse length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Sadaoki Kojima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Beam Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunioki Mima
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photon Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsu, Nishiku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 141-1201, Japan
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6
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Huang TW, Zhou CT, Zhang H, Wu SZ, Qiao B, He XT, Ruan SC. Relativistic laser hosing instability suppression and electron acceleration in a preformed plasma channel. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:043207. [PMID: 28505773 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.043207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The hosing processes of a relativistic laser pulse, electron acceleration, and betatron radiation in a parabolic plasma channel are investigated in the direct laser acceleration regime. It is shown that the laser hosing instability would result in the generation of a randomly directed off-axis electron beam and radiation source with a large divergence angle. While employing a preformed parabolic plasma channel, the restoring force provided by the plasma channel would correct the perturbed laser wave front and thus suppress the hosing instability. As a result, the accelerated electron beam and the emitted photons are well guided and concentrated along the channel axis. The employment of a proper plasma density channel can stably guide the relativistically intense laser pulse and greatly improve the properties of the electron beam and radiation source. This scheme is of great interest for the generation of high quality electron beams and radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Huang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - C T Zhou
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China.,College of New Energy and New Materials, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China.,HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - S Z Wu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - B Qiao
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - X T He
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - S C Ruan
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China.,College of New Energy and New Materials, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
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7
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Moreau JG, d'Humières E, Nuter R, Tikhonchuk VT. Stimulated Raman scattering in the relativistic regime in near-critical plasmas. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:013208. [PMID: 28208487 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.013208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of a high-intensity short laser pulse with near-critical plasmas allows us to achieve extremely high coupling efficiency and transfer laser energy to energetic ions. One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are considered to detail the processes involved in the energy transfer. A confrontation of the numerical results with the theory highlights a key role played by the process of stimulated Raman scattering in the relativistic regime. The interaction of a 1 ps laser pulse (I∼6×10^{18}Wcm^{-2} with an undercritical (0.5n_{c}) homogeneous plasma leads to a very high plasma absorption reaching 68% of the laser pulse energy. This permits a homogeneous electron heating all along the plasma and an efficient ion acceleration at the plasma edges and in cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Moreau
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - E d'Humières
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - R Nuter
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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8
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Ju LB, Huang TW, Xiao KD, Wu GZ, Yang SL, Li R, Yang YC, Long TY, Zhang H, Wu SZ, Qiao B, Ruan SC, Zhou CT. Controlling multiple filaments by relativistic optical vortex beams in plasmas. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:033202. [PMID: 27739750 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.033202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Filamentation dynamics of relativistic optical vortex beams (OVBs) propagating in underdense plasma is investigated. It is shown that OVBs with finite orbital angular momentum (OAM) exhibit much more robust propagation behavior than the standard Gaussian beam. In fact, the growth rate of the azimuthal modulational instability decreases rapidly with increase of the OVB topological charge. Thus, relativistic OVBs can maintain their profiles for significantly longer distances in an underdense plasma before filamentation occurs. It is also found that an OVB would then break up into regular filament patterns due to conservation of the OAM, in contrast to a Gaussian laser beam, which in general experiences random filamentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Ju
- Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - T W Huang
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - K D Xiao
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - G Z Wu
- Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - S L Yang
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - R Li
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Y C Yang
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - T Y Long
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - S Z Wu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - B Qiao
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - S C Ruan
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - C T Zhou
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China.,HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
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9
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Iwawaki T, Habara H, Yabuuchi T, Hata M, Sakagami H, Tanaka KA. Slowdown mechanisms of ultraintense laser propagation in critical density plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:013106. [PMID: 26274293 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.013106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We use one- and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to demonstrate that the propagation of an ultraintense laser (I=10(19)W/cm(2)) in critical density plasma can be interfered with by a high density plasma wall region generated at the propagation front. When the electron flow speed of the wall region exceeds a certain relativistic threshold, the region behaves as an overdense plasma due to a decrease of the effective critical density. The region forms then very small overdense plasma islands. The islands impede the propagation intermittently and slow down the propagation speed significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Yabuuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Hata
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - H Sakagami
- Fundamental Physics Simulation Division, National Institute of Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Ivancic S, Haberberger D, Habara H, Iwawaki T, Anderson KS, Craxton RS, Froula DH, Meyerhofer DD, Stoeckl C, Tanaka KA, Theobald W. Channeling of multikilojoule high-intensity laser beams in an inhomogeneous plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:051101. [PMID: 26066111 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Channeling experiments were performed that demonstrate the transport of high-intensity (>10(18)W/cm(2)), multikilojoule laser light through a millimeter-sized, inhomogeneous (∼300-μm density scale length) laser-produced plasma up to overcritical density, which is an important step forward for the fast-ignition concept. The background plasma density and the density depression inside the channel were characterized with a novel optical probe system. The channel progression velocity was measured, which agrees well with theoretical predictions based on large scale particle-in-cell simulations, confirming scaling laws for the required channeling laser energy and laser pulse duration, which are important parameters for future integrated fast-ignition channeling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - K S Anderson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D D Meyerhofer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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11
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Levy MC, Ryutov DD, Wilks SC, Ross JS, Huntington CM, Fiuza F, Martinez DA, Kugland NL, Baring MG, Park HS. Development of an interpretive simulation tool for the proton radiography technique. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:033302. [PMID: 25832218 DOI: 10.1063/1.4909536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Proton radiography is a useful diagnostic of high energy density (HED) plasmas under active theoretical and experimental development. In this paper, we describe a new simulation tool that interacts realistic laser-driven point-like proton sources with three dimensional electromagnetic fields of arbitrary strength and structure and synthesizes the associated high resolution proton radiograph. The present tool's numerical approach captures all relevant physics effects, including effects related to the formation of caustics. Electromagnetic fields can be imported from particle-in-cell or hydrodynamic codes in a streamlined fashion, and a library of electromagnetic field "primitives" is also provided. This latter capability allows users to add a primitive, modify the field strength, rotate a primitive, and so on, while quickly generating a high resolution radiograph at each step. In this way, our tool enables the user to deconstruct features in a radiograph and interpret them in connection to specific underlying electromagnetic field elements. We show an example application of the tool in connection to experimental observations of the Weibel instability in counterstreaming plasmas, using ∼10(8) particles generated from a realistic laser-driven point-like proton source, imaging fields which cover volumes of ∼10 mm(3). Insights derived from this application show that the tool can support understanding of HED plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Levy
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D D Ryutov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C M Huntington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - F Fiuza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D A Martinez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - N L Kugland
- Lam Research Corporation, 4400 Cushing Parkway, Fremont, California 94538, USA
| | - M G Baring
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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12
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Stockem A, Fiuza F, Bret A, Fonseca RA, Silva LO. Exploring the nature of collisionless shocks under laboratory conditions. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3934. [PMID: 24488212 PMCID: PMC3910018 DOI: 10.1038/srep03934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Collisionless shocks are pervasive in astrophysics and they are critical to understand cosmic ray acceleration. Laboratory experiments with intense lasers are now opening the way to explore and characterise the underlying microphysics, which determine the acceleration process of collisionless shocks. We determine the shock character - electrostatic or electromagnetic - based on the stability of electrostatic shocks to transverse electromagnetic fluctuations as a function of the electron temperature and flow velocity of the plasma components, and we compare the analytical model with particle-in-cell simulations. By making the connection with the laser parameters driving the plasma flows, we demonstrate that shocks with different and distinct underlying microphysics can be explored in the laboratory with state-of-the-art laser systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stockem
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear - Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Fiuza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California
| | - A Bret
- 1] ETSI Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain [2] Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas y Aplicaciones Industriales, Campus Universitario de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - R A Fonseca
- 1] GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear - Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal [2] ISCTE Instituto Universitário Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear - Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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13
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Robinson APL, Arefiev AV, Neely D. Generating "superponderomotive" electrons due to a non-wake-field interaction between a laser pulse and a longitudinal electric field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:065002. [PMID: 23971580 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that electrons with momenta exceeding the "free electron" limit of m(e)ca(0)(2)/2 can be produced when a laser pulse and a longitudinal electric field interact with an electron via a non-wake-field mechanism. The mechanism consists of two stages: the reduction of the electron dephasing rate γ - p(x)/m(e)c by an accelerating region of electric field and electron acceleration by the laser via the Lorentz force. This mechanism can, in principle, produce electrons that have longitudinal momenta that is a significant multiple of m(e)ca(0)(2)/2. 2D particle-in-cell simulations of a relatively simple laser-plasma interaction indicate that the generation of superponderomotive electrons is strongly affected by this "antidephasing" mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P L Robinson
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
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14
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Li G, Mori WB, Ren C. Laser hosing in relativistically hot plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:155002. [PMID: 25167277 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electron response in an intense laser is studied in the regime where the electron temperature is relativistic. Equations for laser envelope and plasma density evolution, both in the electron plasma wave and ion acoustic wave regimes, are rederived from the relativistic fluid equations to include relativistic plasma temperature effect. These equations are used to study short-pulse and long-pulse laser hosing instabilities using a variational method approach. The analysis shows that relativistic electron temperatures reduce the hosing growth rates and shift the fastest-growing modes to longer wavelengths. These results resolve a long-standing discrepancy between previous nonrelativistic theory and simulations or experiments on hosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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15
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Sylla F, Flacco A, Kahaly S, Veltcheva M, Lifschitz A, Malka V, d'Humières E, Andriyash I, Tikhonchuk V. Short intense laser pulse collapse in near-critical plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:085001. [PMID: 23473156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is observed that the interaction of an intense ultrashort laser pulse with a near-critical gas jet results in the pulse collapse and the deposition of a significant fraction of the energy. This deposition happens in a small and well-localized volume in the rising part of the gas jet, where the electrons are efficiently accelerated and heated. A collisionless plasma expansion over ~ 150 μm at a subrelativistic velocity (~ c/3) has been optically monitored in time and space, and attributed to the quasistatic field ionization of the gas associated with the hot electron current. Numerical simulations in good agreement with the observations suggest the acceleration in the collapse region of relativistic electrons, along with the excitation of a sizable magnetic dipole that sustains the electron current over several picoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sylla
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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16
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Kugland NL, Ryutov DD, Plechaty C, Ross JS, Park HS. Invited article: Relation between electric and magnetic field structures and their proton-beam images. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:101301. [PMID: 23126744 DOI: 10.1063/1.4750234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Proton imaging is commonly used to reveal the electric and magnetic fields that are found in high energy density plasmas. Presented here is an analysis of this technique that is directed towards developing additional insight into the underlying physics. This approach considers: formation of images in the limits of weak and strong intensity variations; caustic formation and structure; image inversion to obtain line-integrated field characteristics; direct relations between images and electric or magnetic field structures in a plasma; imaging of sharp features such as Debye sheaths and shocks. Limitations on spatial and temporal resolution are assessed, and similarities with optical shadowgraphy are noted. Synthetic proton images are presented to illustrate the analysis. These results will be useful for quantitatively analyzing experimental proton imaging data and verifying numerical codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Kugland
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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17
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Willingale L, Nilson PM, Thomas AGR, Cobble J, Craxton RS, Maksimchuk A, Norreys PA, Sangster TC, Scott RHH, Stoeckl C, Zulick C, Krushelnick K. High-power, kilojoule class laser channeling in millimeter-scale underdense plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:105002. [PMID: 21469797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were performed using the Omega EP laser, operating at 740 J of energy in 8 ps (90 TW), which provides extreme conditions relevant to fast ignition studies. A carbon and hydrogen plasma plume was used as the underdense target and the interaction of the laser pulse propagating and channeling through the plasma was imaged using proton radiography. The early time expansion, channel evolution, filamentation, and self-correction of the channel was measured on a single shot via this method. A channel wall modulation was observed and attributed to surface waves. After around 50 ps, the channel had evolved to show bubblelike structures, which may be due to postsoliton remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Willingale
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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18
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Fuchs J, d'Humières E, Sentoku Y, Antici P, Atzeni S, Bandulet H, Depierreux S, Labaune C, Schiavi A. Enhanced propagation for relativistic laser pulses in inhomogeneous plasmas using hollow channels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:225001. [PMID: 21231391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The influence of long (several millimeters) and hollow channels, bored in inhomogeneous ionized plasma by using a long pulse laser beam, on the propagation of short, ultraintense laser pulses has been studied. Compared to the case without a channel, propagation in channels significantly improves beam transmission and maintains a beam quality close to propagation in vacuum. In addition, the growth of the forward-Raman instability is strongly reduced. These results are beneficial for the direct scheme of the fast ignitor concept of inertial confinement fusion as we demonstrate, in fast-ignition-relevant conditions, that with such channels laser energy can be carried through increasingly dense plasmas close to the fuel core with minimal losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fuchs
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
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19
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Willingale L, Nagel SR, Thomas AGR, Bellei C, Clarke RJ, Dangor AE, Heathcote R, Kaluza MC, Kamperidis C, Kneip S, Krushelnick K, Lopes N, Mangles SPD, Nazarov W, Nilson PM, Najmudin Z. Characterization of high-intensity laser propagation in the relativistic transparent regime through measurements of energetic proton beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:125002. [PMID: 19392290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.125002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 01/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were performed to investigate the propagation of a high intensity (I approximately 10(21) W cm(-2)) laser in foam targets with densities ranging from 0.9n(c) to 30n(c). Proton acceleration was used to diagnose the interaction. An improvement in proton beam energy and efficiency is observed for the lowest density foam (n(e)=0.9n(c)), compared to higher density foams. Simulations show that the laser beam penetrates deeper into the target due to its relativistic propagation and results in greater collimation of the ensuing hot electrons. This results in the rear surface accelerating electric field being larger, increasing the efficiency of the acceleration. Enhanced collimation of the ions is seen to be due to the self-generated azimuthal magnetic and electric fields at the rear of the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Willingale
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Naumova N, Schlegel T, Tikhonchuk VT, Labaune C, Sokolov IV, Mourou G. Hole boring in a DT Pellet and Fast-Ion Ignition with Ultraintense Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:025002. [PMID: 19257282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently achieved high intensities of short laser pulses open new prospects in their application to hole boring in inhomogeneous overdense plasmas and for ignition in precompressed DT fusion targets. A simple analytical model and numerical simulations demonstrate that pulses with intensities exceeding 10;{22} W/cm;{2} may penetrate deeply into the plasma as a result of efficient ponderomotive acceleration of ions in the forward direction. The penetration depth as big as hundreds of microns depends on the laser fluence, which has to exceed a few tens of GJ/cm;{2}. The fast ions, accelerated at the bottom of the channel with an efficiency of more than 20%, show a high directionality and may heat the precompressed target core to fusion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Naumova
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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