1
|
Haberberger D, Shvydky A, Nilson PM, Ivancic S, Froula DH. Contrast optimization of Fresnel zone plate imaging. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:2890428. [PMID: 37184346 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) are circular diffractive elements that operate as a lens for x-rays. They have gained interest in the field of laser-plasma physics due to their ability to achieve higher spatial resolution than pinholes. Their design and implementation are complicated by the fact that a significant amount of the x-rays passing through the FZP will not diffract (zeroth order) and present a background to the measurement. This background can be large and inhomogeneous depending on the geometric setup of the experiment. Here, we present calculations of the diffracted (first order) and un-diffracted (zeroth order) flux profiles, which makes it possible to optimize the contrast between the first order imaging rays and the zeroth order background. Calculations for the implementation of a central block in the FZP, designed to block the zeroth from the entire field of view, are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Shvydky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kabadi N, Adrian P, Stoeckl C, Sorce A, Sio HW, Bedzyk M, Evans T, Ivancic S, Katz J, Knauer J, Pearcy J, Weiner D, Betti R, Birkel A, Cao D, Johnson MG, Regan SP, Petrasso RD, Frenje J. The phase-2 particle x-ray temporal diagnostic for simultaneous measurement of multiple x-ray and nuclear emission histories from OMEGA implosions (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:103538. [PMID: 36319383 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electron-temperature (Te) measurements in implosions provide valuable diagnostic information, as Te is negligibly affected by residual flows and other non-thermal effects unlike ion-temperature inferred from a fusion product spectrum. In OMEGA cryogenic implosions, measurement of Te(t) can be used to investigate effects related to time-resolved hot-spot energy balance. The newly implemented phase-2 Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) utilizes four fast-rise (∼15 ps) scintillator-channels with distinct x-ray filtering. Titanium and stepped aluminum filtering were chosen to maximize detector sensitivity in the 10-20 keV range, as it has been shown that these x rays have similar density and temperature weighting to the emitted deuterium-tritium fusion neutrons (DTn) from OMEGA Cryo-DT implosions. High quality data have been collected from warm implosions at OMEGA. These data have been used to infer spatially integrated Te(t) with <10% uncertainty at peak emission. Nuclear and x-ray emission histories are measured with 10 ps relative timing uncertainty for x rays and DTn and 12 ps for x rays and deuterium-He3 protons (D3Hep). A future upgrade to the system will enable spatially integrated Te(t) with 40 ps time-resolution from cryogenic DT implosions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Sorce
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H W Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Bedzyk
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Evans
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Ivancic
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knauer
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Weiner
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Betti
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Cao
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S P Regan
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Engelhorn K, Hilsabeck TJ, Kilkenny J, Morris D, Chung TM, Dymoke-Bradshaw A, Hares JD, Bell P, Bradley D, Carpenter AC, Dayton M, Nagel SR, Claus L, Porter J, Rochau G, Sanchez M, Ivancic S, Sorce C, Theobald W. Sub-nanosecond single line-of-sight (SLOS) x-ray imagers (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10G123. [PMID: 30399697 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of fast-gated x-ray framing cameras have been developed that are capable of capturing multiple frames along a single line-of-sight with 30 ps temporal resolution. The instruments are constructed by integrating pulse-dilation electron imaging with burst mode hybrid-complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensors. Two such instruments have been developed, characterized, and fielded at the National Ignition Facility and the OMEGA laser. These instruments are particularly suited for advanced x-ray imaging applications in Inertial Confinement Fusion and High energy density experiments. Here, we discuss the system architecture and the techniques required for tuning the instruments to achieve optimal performance. Characterization results are also presented along with planned future improvements to the design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Engelhorn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | | | - J Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - D Morris
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - T M Chung
- TMC2 Innovations LLC, Murrieta, California 92563, USA
| | - A Dymoke-Bradshaw
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - J D Hares
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - P Bell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Bradley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A C Carpenter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Dayton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S R Nagel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L Claus
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J Porter
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - G Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - M Sanchez
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ceurvorst L, Savin A, Ratan N, Kasim MF, Sadler J, Norreys PA, Habara H, Tanaka KA, Zhang S, Wei MS, Ivancic S, Froula DH, Theobald W. Channel optimization of high-intensity laser beams in millimeter-scale plasmas. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:043208. [PMID: 29758617 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.043208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Channeling experiments were performed at the OMEGA EP facility using relativistic intensity (>10^{18}W/cm^{2}) kilojoule laser pulses through large density scale length (∼390-570 μm) laser-produced plasmas, demonstrating the effects of the pulse's focal location and intensity as well as the plasma's temperature on the resulting channel formation. The results show deeper channeling when focused into hot plasmas and at lower densities, as expected. However, contrary to previous large-scale particle-in-cell studies, the results also indicate deeper penetration by short (10 ps), intense pulses compared to their longer-duration equivalents. This new observation has many implications for future laser-plasma research in the relativistic regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ceurvorst
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - A Savin
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - N Ratan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - M F Kasim
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - J Sadler
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - P A Norreys
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX United Kingdom
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- ELI-NP/IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului Street, Magurele, Ilfov County, P. O. Box MG-6, 077125 Romania
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M S Wei
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ivancic S, Haberberger D, Habara H, Iwawaki T, Anderson KS, Craxton RS, Froula DH, Meyerhofer DD, Stoeckl C, Tanaka KA, Theobald W. Channeling of multikilojoule high-intensity laser beams in an inhomogeneous plasma. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:051101. [PMID: 26066111 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Channeling experiments were performed that demonstrate the transport of high-intensity (>10(18)W/cm(2)), multikilojoule laser light through a millimeter-sized, inhomogeneous (∼300-μm density scale length) laser-produced plasma up to overcritical density, which is an important step forward for the fast-ignition concept. The background plasma density and the density depression inside the channel were characterized with a novel optical probe system. The channel progression velocity was measured, which agrees well with theoretical predictions based on large scale particle-in-cell simulations, confirming scaling laws for the required channeling laser energy and laser pulse duration, which are important parameters for future integrated fast-ignition channeling experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - K S Anderson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D D Meyerhofer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Davies A, Haberberger D, Boni R, Ivancic S, Brown R, Froula DH. Polarimetry diagnostic on OMEGA EP using a 10-ps, 263-nm probe beam. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E611. [PMID: 25430357 DOI: 10.1063/1.4889908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A polarimetry diagnostic was built and characterized for magnetic-field measurements in laser-plasma experiments on the OMEGA EP laser. This diagnostic was built into the existing 4ω (263-nm) probe system that employs a 10-ps laser pulse collected with an f/4 imaging system. The diagnostic measures the rotation of the probe beam's polarization. The polarimeter uses a Wollaston prism to split the probe beam into orthogonal polarization components. Spatially localized intensity variations between images indicate polarization rotation. Magnetic fields can be calculated by combining the polarimetry data with the measured plasma density profile obtained from angular filter refractometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Davies
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Boni
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Brown
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Uematsu Y, Ivancic S, Iwawaki T, Habara H, Lei AL, Theobald W, Tanaka KA. Measuring the strong electrostatic and magnetic fields with proton radiography for ultra-high intensity laser channeling on fast ignition. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E612. [PMID: 25430358 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the intense laser propagation and channel formation in dense plasma, we conducted an experiment with proton deflectometry on the OMEGA EP Laser facility. The proton image was analyzed by tracing the trajectory of mono-energetic protons, which provides understanding the electric and magnetic fields that were generated around the channel. The estimated field strengths (E ∼ 10(11) V/m and B ∼ 10(8) G) agree with the predictions from 2D-Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, indicating the feasibility of the proton deflectometry technique for over-critical density plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Uematsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A L Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Froula DH, Boni R, Bedzyk M, Craxton RS, Ehrne F, Ivancic S, Jungquist R, Shoup MJ, Theobald W, Weiner D, Kugland NL, Rushford MC. Optical diagnostic suite (schlieren, interferometry, and grid image refractometry) on OMEGA EP using a 10-ps, 263-nm probe beam. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10E523. [PMID: 23127030 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A 10-ps, 263-nm (4ω) laser is being built to probe plasmas produced on the OMEGA EP [J. H. Kelly, L. J. Waxer, V. Bagnoud, I. A. Begishev, J. Bromage, B. E. Kruschwitz, T. E. Kessler, S. J. Loucks, D. N. Maywar, R. L. McCrory et al., J. Phys. IV France 133, 75-80 (2006)]. A suite of optical diagnostics (schlieren, interferometry, and grid image refractometry) has been designed to diagnose and characterize a wide variety of plasmas. Light scattered by the probe beam is collected by an f/4 catadioptric telescope and a transport system is designed to image with a near-diffraction-limited resolution (~1 - μm full width at half maximum) over a 5-mm field of view to a diagnostic table. The transport system provides a contrast greater than 1 : 10(4) with respect to all wavelengths outside of the 263 ± 2 nm measurement range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|