1
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Yan J, Tóth O, Xu W, Liu XD, Gregoryanz E, Dalladay-Simpson P, Qi Z, Xie S, Gorelli F, Martoňák R, Santoro M. High-Pressure Structural Evolution of Disordered Polymeric CS 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7229-7235. [PMID: 34310154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon disulfide is an archetypal double-bonded molecule belonging to the class of group IV-group VI, AB2 compounds. It is widely believed that, upon compression to several GPa at room temperature and above, a polymeric chain of type (-(C═S)-S-)n, named Bridgman's black polymer, will form. By combining optical spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction data with ab initio simulations, we demonstrate that the structure of this polymer is different. Solid molecular CS2 polymerizes at ∼10-11 GPa. The polymer is disordered and consists of a mixture of 3-fold (C3) and 4-fold (C4) coordinated carbon atoms with some C═C double bonds. The C4/C3 ratio continuously increases upon further compression to 40 GPa. Upon decompression, structural changes are partially reverted, while the sample also undergoes partial disproportionation. Our work uncovers the nontrivial high-pressure structural evolution in one of the simplest molecular systems exhibiting molecular as well as polymeric phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ondrej Tóth
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Wan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, U.K
| | - Philip Dalladay-Simpson
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zeming Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Shiyu Xie
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Federico Gorelli
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO) and European Laboratory for non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roman Martoňák
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mario Santoro
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO) and European Laboratory for non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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2
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Zhang H, Tóth O, Liu XD, Bini R, Gregoryanz E, Dalladay-Simpson P, De Panfilis S, Santoro M, Gorelli FA, Martoňák R. Pressure-induced amorphization and existence of molecular and polymeric amorphous forms in dense SO 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8736-8742. [PMID: 32245813 PMCID: PMC7183191 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917749117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the pressure-induced amorphization and reversible structural transformation between two amorphous forms of SO2: molecular amorphous and polymeric amorphous, with the transition found at 26 GPa over a broad temperature regime, 77 K to 300 K. The transformation was observed by both Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell. The results were corroborated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, where both forward and reverse transitions were detected, opening a window to detailed analysis of the respective local structures. The high-pressure polymeric amorphous form was found to consist mainly of disordered polymeric chains made of three-coordinated sulfur atoms connected via oxygen atoms, with few residual intact molecules. This study provides an example of polyamorphism in a system consisting of simple molecules with multiple bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ondrej Tóth
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Xiao-Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Roberto Bini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
- Center for High Pressure Science Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | | | - Simone De Panfilis
- Centre for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Santoro
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Aiace Gorelli
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Roman Martoňák
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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3
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Cogollo-Olivo BH, Biswas S, Scandolo S, Montoya JA. Ab initio Determination of the Phase Diagram of CO_{2} at High Pressures and Temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:095701. [PMID: 32202852 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.095701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The experimental study of the CO_{2} phase diagram is hampered by strong kinetic effects leading to wide regions of metastability and to large uncertainties in the location of some phase boundaries. Here, we determine CO_{2}'s thermodynamic phase boundaries by means of ab initio calculations of the Gibbs free energy of several solid phases of CO_{2} up to 50 Gigapascals. Temperature effects are included in the quasiharmonic approximation. Contrary to previous suggestions, we find that the boundary between molecular forms and the nonmolecular phase V has, indeed, a positive slope and starts at 21.5 GPa at T=0 K. A triple point between phase IV, V, and the liquid phase is found at 35 GPa and 1600 K, indicating a broader region of stability for the nonmolecular form than previously thought. The experimentally determined boundary line between CO_{2}-II and CO_{2}-IV phases is reproduced by our calculations, indicating that kinetic effects do not play a major role in that particular transition. Our results also show that CO_{2}-III is stabilized at high temperature and its stability region coincides with the P-T conditions where phase VII has been reported experimentally; instead, phase II is the most stable molecular phase at low temperatures, extending its region of stability to every P-T condition where phase III is reported experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz H Cogollo-Olivo
- Universidad de Cartagena, Doctorado en Ciencias Físicas, 130001 Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Sananda Biswas
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandro Scandolo
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Javier A Montoya
- Universidad de Cartagena, Instituto de Matemáticas Aplicadas, 130001 Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
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4
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Huang L, Han Y, He X, Li J. Ab initio-enabled phase transition prediction of solid carbon dioxide at ultra-high temperatures. RSC Adv 2020; 10:236-243. [PMID: 35492555 PMCID: PMC9049158 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06478h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is one of the fundamental chemical species on Earth, but its solid-phase behavior at high pressures is still far from well understood and some phases remain uncertain or unknown, which increases the challenge to predict its structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education
- Department of Micro/Nano-Electronics
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Yanqiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education
- Department of Micro/Nano-Electronics
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education
- Department of Micro/Nano-Electronics
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
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5
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Nabata H, Takagi M, Saita K, Maeda S. Computational searches for crystal structures of dioxides of group 14 elements (CO 2, SiO 2, GeO 2) under ultrahigh pressure. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22156-22163. [PMID: 35516614 PMCID: PMC9054535 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03359f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we focused on the effect of pressure on the crystal structures of dioxides of group 14 elements, i.e. SiO2, GeO2, and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nabata
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Makito Takagi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience
- Yokohama City University
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
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6
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Dziubek KF, Ende M, Scelta D, Bini R, Mezouar M, Garbarino G, Miletich R. Crystalline polymeric carbon dioxide stable at megabar pressures. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3148. [PMID: 30089845 PMCID: PMC6082874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is a widespread simple molecule in the Universe. In spite of its simplicity it has a very complex phase diagram, forming both amorphous and crystalline extended phases above 40 GPa. The stability range and nature of these phases are still debated, especially in view of their possible role within the deep carbon cycle. Here, we report static synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman high-pressure experiments in the megabar range providing evidence for the stability of the polymeric phase V at pressure-temperature conditions relevant to the Earth's lowermost mantle. The equation of state has been extended to 120 GPa and, contrary to earlier experimental findings, neither dissociation into diamond and ε-oxygen nor ionization was observed. Severe deviatoric stress and lattice deformation along with preferred orientation are removed on progressive annealing, thus suggesting CO2-V as the stable structure also above one megabar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil F Dziubek
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Martin Ende
- Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Universität Wien, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Demetrio Scelta
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberto Bini
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mohamed Mezouar
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Gaston Garbarino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ronald Miletich
- Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Universität Wien, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Wien, Austria
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7
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Pressure-induced Transformations of Dense Carbonyl Sulfide to Singly Bonded Amorphous Metallic Solid. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31594. [PMID: 27527241 PMCID: PMC4985701 DOI: 10.1038/srep31594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of pressure, internal or external, transforms molecular solids into non-molecular extended network solids with diverse crystal structures and electronic properties. These transformations can be understood in terms of pressure-induced electron delocalization; however, the governing mechanisms are complex because of strong lattice strains, phase metastability and path dependent phase behaviors. Here, we present the pressure-induced transformations of linear OCS (R3m, Phase I) to bent OCS (Cm, Phase II) at 9 GPa; an amorphous, one-dimensional (1D) polymer at 20 GPa (Phase III); and an extended 3D network above ~35 GPa (Phase IV) that metallizes at ~105 GPa. These results underscore the significance of long-range dipole interactions in dense OCS, leading to an extended molecular alloy that can be considered a chemical intermediate of its two end members, CO2 and CS2.
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8
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Qu B, Li D, Wang L, Wu J, Zhou R, Zhang B, Zeng XC. Mechanistic study of pressure and temperature dependent structural changes in reactive formation of silicon carbonate. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21981g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure changes of silicon carbonate with pressure and temperature are explored based on systematic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Qu
- Laboratory of amorphous materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Laboratory of amorphous materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of amorphous materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Jili Wu
- Laboratory of amorphous materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Rulong Zhou
- Laboratory of amorphous materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of amorphous materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
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9
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Santoro M, Gorelli FA, Bini R, Salamat A, Garbarino G, Levelut C, Cambon O, Haines J. Carbon enters silica forming a cristobalite-type CO2-SiO2 solid solution. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3761. [PMID: 24781844 PMCID: PMC5603768 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme conditions permit unique materials to be synthesized and can significantly update our view of the periodic table. In the case of group IV elements, carbon was always considered to be distinct with respect to its heavier homologues in forming oxides. Here we report the synthesis of a crystalline CO2-SiO2 solid solution by reacting carbon dioxide and silica in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell (P = 16-22 GPa, T>4,000 K), showing that carbon enters silica. Remarkably, this material is recovered to ambient conditions. X-ray diffraction shows that the crystal adopts a densely packed α-cristobalite structure (P4(1)2(1)2) with carbon and silicon in fourfold coordination to oxygen at pressures where silica normally adopts a sixfold coordinated rutile-type stishovite structure. An average formula of C0.6(1)Si0.4(1)O2 is consistent with X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results. These findings may modify our view on oxide chemistry, which is of great interest for materials science, as well as Earth and planetary sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Santoro
- 1] Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy [2] European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Federico A Gorelli
- 1] Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy [2] European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Roberto Bini
- 1] European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy [2] Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Ashkan Salamat
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Gaston Garbarino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Claire Levelut
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Colloïdes, Verres et Nanomatériaux (CVN), Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Olivier Cambon
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe C2M, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Julien Haines
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe C2M, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
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10
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Electronic structure of carbon dioxide under pressure and insights into the molecular-to-nonmolecular transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:18402-6. [PMID: 24167283 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305116110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the high-pressure behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2), an important planetary material found in Venus, Earth, and Mars, is vital to the study of the evolution and dynamics of the planetary interiors as well as to the fundamental understanding of the C-O bonding and interaction between the molecules. Recent studies have revealed a number of crystalline polymorphs (CO2-I to -VII) and an amorphous phase under high pressure-temperature conditions. Nevertheless, the reported phase stability field and transition pressures at room temperature are poorly defined, especially for the amorphous phase. Here we shed light on the successive pressure-induced local structural changes and the molecular-to-nonmolecular transition of CO2 at room temperature by performing an in situ study of the local electronic structure using X-ray Raman scattering, aided by first-principle exciton calculations. We show that the transition from CO2-I to CO2-III was initiated at around 7.4 GPa, and completed at about 17 GPa. The present study also shows that at ~37 GPa, molecular CO2 starts to polymerize to an extended structure with fourfold coordinated carbon and minor CO3 and CO-like species. The observed pressure is more than 10 GPa below previously reported. The disappearance of the minority species at 63(± 3) GPa suggests that a previously unknown phase transition within the nonmolecular phase of CO2 has occurred.
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11
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Li J, Sode O, Voth GA, Hirata S. A solid–solid phase transition in carbon dioxide at high pressures and intermediate temperatures. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2647. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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12
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Yoo CS. Physical and chemical transformations of highly compressed carbon dioxide at bond energies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:7949-66. [PMID: 23615853 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50761k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide exhibits a richness of high-pressure polymorphs with a great diversity in intermolecular interaction, chemical bonding, and crystal structures. It ranges from typical molecular solids to fully extended covalent solids with crystal structures similar to those of SiO2. These extended solids of carbon dioxide are fundamentally new materials exhibiting interesting optical nonlinearity, low compressibility and high energy density. Furthermore, the large disparity in chemical bonding between the extended network and molecular structures results in a broad metastability domain for these phases to room temperature and almost to ambient pressure and thereby offers enhanced opportunities for novel materials developments. Broadly speaking, these molecular-to-non-molecular transitions occur due to electron delocalization manifested as a rapid increase in electron kinetic energy at high density. The detailed mechanisms, however, are more complex with phase metastabilities, path-dependent phases and phase boundaries, and large lattice strains and structural distortions - all of which are controlled by well beyond thermodynamic constraints to chemical kinetics associated with the governing phases and transitions. As a result, the equilibrium phase boundary is difficult to locate precisely (experimentally or theoretically) and is often obscured by the presence of metastable phases (ordered or disordered). This paper will review the pressure-induced transformations observed in highly compressed carbon dioxide and present chemistry perspectives on those molecular-to-non-molecular transformations that can be applied to other low-Z molecular solids at Mbar pressures where the compression energy rivals the chemical bond energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Shik Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
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13
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Abstract
We present ab initio calculations of the phase diagram of liquid CO(2) and its melting curve over a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions, including those relevant to the Earth. Several distinct liquid phases are predicted up to 200 GPa and 10,000 K based on their structural and electronic characteristics. We provide evidence for a first-order liquid-liquid phase transition with a critical point near 48 GPa and 3,200 K that intersects the mantle geotherm; a liquid-liquid-solid triple point is predicted near 45 GPa and 1,850 K. Unlike known first-order transitions between thermodynamically stable liquids, the coexistence of molecular and polymeric CO(2) phases predicted here is not accompanied by metallization. The absence of an electrical anomaly would be unique among known liquid-liquid transitions. Furthermore, the previously suggested phase separation of CO(2) into its constituent elements at lower mantle conditions is examined by evaluating their Gibbs free energies. We find that liquid CO(2) does not decompose into carbon and oxygen up to at least 200 GPa and 10,000 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Boates
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550; and
- Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3J5
| | | | - Stanimir A. Bonev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550; and
- Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3J5
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14
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Santoro M. Optical Spectroscopy at High Pressure. SCOTTISH GRADUATE SERIES 2012:111-129. [DOI: 10.1201/b12304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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Partially collapsed cristobalite structure in the non molecular phase V in CO2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:5176-9. [PMID: 22431594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118791109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non molecular CO(2) has been an important subject of study in high pressure physics and chemistry for the past decade opening up a unique area of carbon chemistry. The phase diagram of CO(2) includes several non molecular phases above 30 GPa. Among these, the first discovered was CO(2)-V which appeared silica-like. Theoretical studies suggested that the structure of CO(2)-V is related to that of β-cristobalite with tetrahedral carbon coordination similar to silicon in SiO(2), but reported experimental structural studies have been controversial. We have investigated CO(2)-V obtained from molecular CO(2) at 40-50 GPa and T > 1500 K using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy, and computer simulations. The structure refined by the Rietveld method is a partially collapsed variant of SiO(2) β-cristobalite, space group I42d, in which the CO(4) tetrahedra are tilted by 38.4° about the c-axis. The existence of CO(4) tetrahedra (average O-C-O angle of 109.5°) is thus confirmed. The results add to the knowledge of carbon chemistry with mineral phases similar to SiO(2) and potential implications for Earth and planetary interiors.
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16
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Yoo CS, Sengupta A, Kim M. Carbon dioxide carbonates in the earth's mantle: implications to the deep carbon cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11219-22. [PMID: 21953768 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Shik Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Yoo CS, Sengupta A, Kim M. Carbon Dioxide Carbonates in the Earth’s Mantle: Implications to the Deep Carbon Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Silicon carbonate phase formed from carbon dioxide and silica under pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:7689-92. [PMID: 21518903 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1019691108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of nonmolecular carbon dioxide under high-pressure conditions shows that there are remarkable analogies between this important substance and other group IV oxides. A natural and long-standing question is whether compounds between CO(2) and SiO(2) are possible. Under ambient conditions, CO(2) and SiO(2) are thermodynamically stable and do not react with each other. We show that reactions occur at high pressures indicating that silica can behave in a manner similar to ionic metal oxides that form carbonates at room pressure. A silicon carbonate phase was synthesized by reacting silicalite, a microporous SiO(2) zeolite, and molecular CO(2) that fills the pores, in diamond anvil cells at 18-26 GPa and 600-980 K; the compound was then temperature quenched. The material was characterized by Raman and IR spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The experiments reveal unique oxide chemistry at high pressures and the potential for synthesis of a class of previously uncharacterized materials. There are also potential implications for CO(2) segregation in planetary interiors and for CO(2) storage.
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Boates B, Hamel S, Schwegler E, Bonev SA. Structural and optical properties of liquid CO2 for pressures up to 1 TPa. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:064504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3549593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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20
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Giordano VM, Datchi F, Gorelli FA, Bini R. Equation of state and anharmonicity of carbon dioxide phase I up to 12 GPa and 800 K. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:144501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3495951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Wang C, Zhang P. Thermophysical properties of liquid carbon dioxide under shock compressions: Quantum molecular dynamic simulations. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:134503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3491834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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22
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Santoro M. Non-Molecular Carbon Dioxide at High Pressure. NATO SCIENCE FOR PEACE AND SECURITY SERIES B: PHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICS 2010:251-260. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9258-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Datchi F, Giordano VM, Munsch P, Saitta AM. Structure of carbon dioxide phase IV: breakdown of the intermediate bonding state scenario. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:185701. [PMID: 19905813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.185701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The existence of "intermediate bonding states" in solid CO2, separating the low-pressure molecular phases from the high-pressure polymeric forms, has been the matter of a long-standing debate. Here we determine the structure of CO2-IV using x-ray diffraction of single crystals grown inside a diamond anvil cell at 11.7 GPa and 830 K. It is rhombohedral, space group R3[over ]c, and is composed of individual, linear CO2 molecules with bond lengths of 1.155(2) A at 15 GPa. This shows that CO2 remains a purely molecular solid in this P-T range, and thus invalidates the intermediate bonding state scenario. First-principles calculations confirm the stability of the proposed structure and match very well observations, including the Raman and IR spectra. Furthermore, these results evidence a striking similarity between the high-pressure polymorphs of solid CO2 and N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Datchi
- UPMC University of Paris 06, UMR 7590, IMPMC, F-75015 Paris, France
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Neuefeind J, Fischer HE, Simonson JM, Idrissi A, Schöps A, Honkimäki V. The structure of liquid carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:174503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Sun J, Klug DD, Martonák R, Montoya JA, Lee MS, Scandolo S, Tosatti E. High-pressure polymeric phases of carbon dioxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:6077-81. [PMID: 19332796 PMCID: PMC2669398 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812624106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structural transformations of solid CO(2) from a molecular solid characterized by weak intermolecular bonding to a 3-dimensional network solid at high pressure has challenged researchers for the past decade. We employ the recently developed metadynamics method combined with ab initio calculations to provide fundamental insight into recent experimental reports on carbon dioxide in the 60-80 GPa pressure region. Pressure-induced polymeric phases and their transformation mechanisms are found. Metadynamics simulations starting from the CO(2)-II (P4(2)/mnm) at 60 GPa and 600 K proceed via an intermediate, partially polymerized phase, and finally yield a fully tetrahedral, layered structure (P-4m2). Based on the agreement between calculated and experimental Raman and X-ray patterns, the recently identified phase VI [Iota V, et al. (2007) Sixfold coordinated carbon dioxide VI. Nature Mat 6:34-38], assumed to be disordered stishovite-like, is instead interpreted as the result of an incomplete transformation of the molecular phase into a final layered structure. In addition, an alpha-cristobalite-like structure (P4(1)2(1)2), is predicted to be formed from CO(2)-III (Cmca) via an intermediate Pbca structure at 80 GPa and low temperatures (<300 K). Defects in the crystals are frequently observed in the calculations at 300 K whereas at 500 to 700 K, CO(2)-III transforms to an amorphous form, consistent with experiment [Santoro M, et al. (2006) Amorphous silica-like carbon dioxide. Nature 441:857-860], but the simulation yields additional structural details for this disordered solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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