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Matsuda K, Ishiguro Y, Kimura K, Hagiya T, Kajihara Y, Nagaya K, Inui M, Hiraoka N. Observation of plasmon excitation in liquid silicon by inelastic x-ray scattering. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 36:075501. [PMID: 37879348 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad06f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) measurements were performed for observing the excitation of bulk plasmons in metallic liquid silicon (Si). The peak due to plasmon excitation was observed within the energy loss around 17 eV. Combined with IXS data of crystalline Si measured at several elevated temperatures, it was found that temperature dependence of the excitation energy in the crystalline solid state is explained by the electron gas including the band gap effect, whereas in the metallic liquid state near the melting point, it exhibits a departure from the electron gas; the plasmon energy takes a lower value than that of the electron gas. Such lowering of plasmon energies is reasonably explained by a model incorporating semiconducting component to the electron gas. Non-simple metallic nature in liquid silicon is highlighted by the observation of electron collective dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yotaro Ishiguro
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koji Kimura
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Hagiya
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukio Kajihara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masanori Inui
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hiraoka
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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2
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Inui M, Hosokawa S, Tsutsui S, Nakajima Y, Matsuda K, Maruyama K, Baron AQR. Collective excitations in a melt of fast phase change material GeCu 2Te 3. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:234002. [PMID: 36893472 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc2ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic x-ray scattering measurements have been carried out to investigate atomic dynamics in a melt of fast phase change material GeCu2Te3. The dynamic structure factor was analysed using the model function with three damped harmonic oscillator components. By investigating the correlation between the excitation energy and the linewidth, and that between the excitation energy and the intensity on contour maps of a relative approximate probability distribution function proportional toexp(-χ2/N), we could judge the reliability of each inelastic excitation in the dynamic structure factor. The results indicate that there are two inelastic excitation modes besides the longitudinal acoustic one in the liquid. The lower energy excitation could be assigned to the transverse acoustic one whereas the higher energy one disperses like fast sound. The latter result may imply that the liquid ternary alloy exhibits a microscopic phase separation tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inui
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - S Hosokawa
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - S Tsutsui
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Y Nakajima
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - K Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - K Maruyama
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - A Q R Baron
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Materials Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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Hasegawa T, Inui M, Onimaru T, Kajihara Y, Hosokawa S, Nakajima Y, Matsuda K, Takabatake T, Hiroi S, Uchiyama H, Tsutsui S. Phonon dispersion curves in the type-I crystalline and molten clathrate compound Eu 8Ga 16Ge 30. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:114002. [PMID: 36603227 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acb0a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic structure factorS(Q,E), whereQandEare momentum and energy transfer, respectively, has been measured for liquid Eu8Ga16Ge30(EGG), using inelastic x-ray scattering. The excitation energy of the longitudinal acoustic mode in the liquid was scaled to that in liquid Ba8Ga16Sn30(BGS) with the effective mass. This result means that the local structure in both liquids are similar. The longitudinal acoustic excitation energy of type-I clathrate compound EGG disperses faster than that in the liquid, suggesting that the interatomic force is weakened on melting. The lower energy excitation was observed in both liquid EGG and liquid BGS. In comparison with the longitudinal phonon dispersion in crystalline clathrate compound EGG obtained by density functional theory-based calculations, the lower energy in the liquid was found to be near the optical mode energy. The result indicates that the lower energy mode arises from the relative motion between Eu and (Ga, Ge) atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Masanori Inui
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Takahiro Onimaru
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Yukio Kajihara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Shinya Hosokawa
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakajima
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takabatake
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiroi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchiyama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsutsui
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
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Togo A, Hayashi H, Tadano T, Tsutsui S, Tanaka I. LO-mode phonon of KCl and NaCl at 300 K by inelastic x-ray scattering measurements and first principles calculations. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:365401. [PMID: 35728792 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7b01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal-optical (LO) mode phonon branches of KCl and NaCl were measured using inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) at 300 K and calculated by the first-principles phonon calculation with the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation. Spectral shapes of the IXS measurements and calculated spectral functions agreed well. We analyzed the calculated spectral functions that provide higher resolutions of the spectra than the IXS measurements. Due to strong anharmonicity, the spectral functions of these phonon branches have several peaks and the LO modes along Γ-L paths are disconnected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Togo
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Center for Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Terumasa Tadano
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsutsui
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Isao Tanaka
- Center for Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Atsuta, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
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Inui M, Kajihara Y, Hosokawa S, Chiba A, Nakajima Y, Matsuda K, Stellhorn JR, Hagiya T, Ishikawa D, Uchiyama H, Tsutsui S, Baron AQR. Low energy excitation in liquid Sb and liquid Bi observed in inelastic x-ray scattering spectra. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:475101. [PMID: 34438373 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac216c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic structure factorS(Q,E), whereQandEare momentum and energy transfer, respectively, has been measured for liquid Sb, using inelastic x-ray scattering. A modified damped harmonic oscillator model function was applied to analyseS(Q,E) of liquid Sb and also to that of liquid Bi by Inuiet al(2015Phys. Rev.B92, 054206). The obtained excitation energy was in fairly good agreement with that predicted byab initiomolecular dynamics simulations on these liquid semi-metals. The excitation energy of the longitudinal acoustic mode in liquid Sb and liquid Bi exhibits flat-toppedQdependence whereas the lower excitation energy below the longitudinal acoustic excitation showsQ-gap behaviour. From the viscosity estimated from theQ-gap experimentally obtained, it is inferred that the lower energy excitation arises from the transverse acoustic excitation in the liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inui
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Y Kajihara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - S Hosokawa
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - A Chiba
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Y Nakajima
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - K Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - J R Stellhorn
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - T Hagiya
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - D Ishikawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - H Uchiyama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - S Tsutsui
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - A Q R Baron
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Materials Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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6
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Demmel F, Hosokawa S, Pilgrim WC. Collective particle dynamics of molten NaCl by inelastic x-ray scattering. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:375103. [PMID: 34192684 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An inelastic x-ray scattering experiment has been performed on molten NaCl over wide wave vector and energy transfer ranges. Data of high statistical quality are analyzed using a memory function approach within a generalized Langevin equation. The approach with two relaxation times for the memory function provides a very good data description over the whole wave vector range beyond the hydrodynamic regime. A slow thermal and a fast structural relaxation process in the memory function completely define the density fluctuations in molten NaCl and evidences the thermal-viscoelastic model as the minimal description for collective particle dynamics in molten alkali halides. The obtained excitation frequencies demonstrate a large positive dispersion effect, which can be related to the viscoelastic reaction of the molten salt. A transition from the viscoelastic to a hydrodynamic response of the molten salt at small wave vectors is observed. In the hydrodynamic regime the resulting thermal diffusivity agrees well with values obtained through light scattering. The modeling indicates some deficiencies at small wave vectors and large energy transfers and the spectra of the current correlation function evidences additional intensity at high frequency. The frequency of these additional modes approach a non-zero value at zero wave vector and indicates a non-acoustic character of these excitations. The frequency center of this additional inelastic intensity coincides with optic-type modes in molten NaCl predicted by simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Demmel
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Hosokawa
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - W-C Pilgrim
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Huotari S, Sahle CJ, Henriquet C, Al-Zein A, Martel K, Simonelli L, Verbeni R, Gonzalez H, Lagier MC, Ponchut C, Moretti Sala M, Krisch M, Monaco G. A large-solid-angle X-ray Raman scattering spectrometer at ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. J Synchrotron Radiat 2017; 24:521-530. [PMID: 28244449 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516020579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An end-station for X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy at beamline ID20 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is described. This end-station is dedicated to the study of shallow core electronic excitations using non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. The spectrometer has 72 spherically bent analyzer crystals arranged in six modular groups of 12 analyzer crystals each for a combined maximum flexibility and large solid angle of detection. Each of the six analyzer modules houses one pixelated area detector allowing for X-ray Raman scattering based imaging and efficient separation of the desired signal from the sample and spurious scattering from the often used complicated sample environments. This new end-station provides an unprecedented instrument for X-ray Raman scattering, which is a spectroscopic tool of great interest for the study of low-energy X-ray absorption spectra in materials under in situ conditions, such as in operando batteries and fuel cells, in situ catalytic reactions, and extreme pressure and temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huotari
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ch J Sahle
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ch Henriquet
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A Al-Zein
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - K Martel
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - L Simonelli
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - R Verbeni
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - H Gonzalez
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M C Lagier
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - C Ponchut
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M Moretti Sala
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M Krisch
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - G Monaco
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Sakamaki T, Ohtani E, Fukui H, Kamada S, Takahashi S, Sakairi T, Takahata A, Sakai T, Tsutsui S, Ishikawa D, Shiraishi R, Seto Y, Tsuchiya T, Baron AQR. Constraints on Earth's inner core composition inferred from measurements of the sound velocity of hcp-iron in extreme conditions. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1500802. [PMID: 26933678 PMCID: PMC4771440 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal close-packed iron (hcp-Fe) is a main component of Earth's inner core. The difference in density between hcp-Fe and the inner core in the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) shows a density deficit, which implies an existence of light elements in the core. Sound velocities then provide an important constraint on the amount and kind of light elements in the core. Although seismological observations provide density-sound velocity data of Earth's core, there are few measurements in controlled laboratory conditions for comparison. We report the compressional sound velocity (V P) of hcp-Fe up to 163 GPa and 3000 K using inelastic x-ray scattering from a laser-heated sample in a diamond anvil cell. We propose a new high-temperature Birch's law for hcp-Fe, which gives us the V P of pure hcp-Fe up to core conditions. We find that Earth's inner core has a 4 to 5% smaller density and a 4 to 10% smaller V P than hcp-Fe. Our results demonstrate that components other than Fe in Earth's core are required to explain Earth's core density and velocity deficits compared to hcp-Fe. Assuming that the temperature effects on iron alloys are the same as those on hcp-Fe, we narrow down light elements in the inner core in terms of the velocity deficit. Hydrogen is a good candidate; thus, Earth's core may be a hidden hydrogen reservoir. Silicon and sulfur are also possible candidates and could show good agreement with PREM if we consider the presence of some melt in the inner core, anelasticity, and/or a premelting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sakamaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Eiji Ohtani
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Hiroshi Fukui
- Center for Novel Material Science under Multi-Extreme Conditions, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
- Materials Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Seiji Kamada
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Suguru Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takanori Sakairi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takahata
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakai
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsutsui
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishikawa
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Rei Shiraishi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Taku Tsuchiya
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Alfred Q. R. Baron
- Materials Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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Shieh SR, Jarrige I, Wu M, Hiraoka N, Tse JS, Mi Z, Kaci L, Jiang JZ, Cai YQ. Electronic structure of carbon dioxide under pressure and insights into the molecular-to-nonmolecular transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:18402-6. [PMID: 24167283 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305116110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the high-pressure behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2), an important planetary material found in Venus, Earth, and Mars, is vital to the study of the evolution and dynamics of the planetary interiors as well as to the fundamental understanding of the C-O bonding and interaction between the molecules. Recent studies have revealed a number of crystalline polymorphs (CO2-I to -VII) and an amorphous phase under high pressure-temperature conditions. Nevertheless, the reported phase stability field and transition pressures at room temperature are poorly defined, especially for the amorphous phase. Here we shed light on the successive pressure-induced local structural changes and the molecular-to-nonmolecular transition of CO2 at room temperature by performing an in situ study of the local electronic structure using X-ray Raman scattering, aided by first-principle exciton calculations. We show that the transition from CO2-I to CO2-III was initiated at around 7.4 GPa, and completed at about 17 GPa. The present study also shows that at ~37 GPa, molecular CO2 starts to polymerize to an extended structure with fourfold coordinated carbon and minor CO3 and CO-like species. The observed pressure is more than 10 GPa below previously reported. The disappearance of the minority species at 63(± 3) GPa suggests that a previously unknown phase transition within the nonmolecular phase of CO2 has occurred.
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Wang H, Dong W, Olmstead MM, Fettinger JC, Nix J, Uchiyama H, Tsutsui S, Baron AQR, Dowty E, Cramer SP. Inelastic X-ray scattering of a transition-metal complex (FeCl4(-)): vibrational spectroscopy for all normal modes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6767-9. [PMID: 23668798 PMCID: PMC4313874 DOI: 10.1021/ic400353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetraethylammonium salt of the transition-metal complex FeCl4(-) has been examined using inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) with 1.5 meV resolution (12 cm(-1)) at 21.747 keV. This sample serves as a feasibility test for more elaborate transition-metal complexes. The IXS spectra were compared with previously recorded IR, Raman, and nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) spectra, revealing the same normal modes but with less strict selection rules. Calculations with a previously derived Urey-Bradley force field were used to simulate the expected Q and orientation dependence of the IXS intensities. The relative merits of IXS, compared to other photon-based vibrational spectroscopies such as NRVS, Raman, and IR, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Weibing Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | | | - Jay Nix
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Hiroshi Uchiyama
- Research and Utilization Division, SPring-8/JASRI, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, JAPAN
| | - Satoshi Tsutsui
- Research and Utilization Division, SPring-8/JASRI, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, JAPAN
| | - Alfred Q. R. Baron
- Research and Utilization Division, SPring-8/JASRI, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, JAPAN
- Materials Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, JAPAN
| | - Eric Dowty
- Shape Software, 521 Hidden Valley Road, Kinsport, TN 37663
| | - Stephen P. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
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11
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Ishikawa D, Baron AQR. Temperature gradient analyzers for compact high-resolution X-ray spectrometers. J Synchrotron Radiat 2010; 17:12-24. [PMID: 20029107 PMCID: PMC2797303 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049509043167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Compact high-resolution X-ray spectrometers with a one-dimensional temperature gradient at the analyzer crystal are considered. This gradient, combined with the use of a position-sensitive detector, makes it possible to relax the usual Rowland-circle condition, allowing increased space at the sample position for a given energy resolution or arm radius. Thus, for example, it is estimated that approximately meV resolution is possible with a 3 m analyzer arm and 200 mm clearance between the sample and detector. Simple analytic formulae are provided, supported by excellent agreement with ray-tracing simulations. One variation of this method also allows the detector position sensitivity to be used to determine momentum transfer, effectively improving momentum resolution without reducing (slitting down) the analyzer size. Application to medium-resolution ( approximately 10-100 meV) inelastic X-ray scattering spectrometers with large angular acceptance is discussed, where this method also allows increased space at the sample. In some cases the application of a temperature gradient can improve the energy resolution even with a single-element detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ishikawa
- Materials Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN/SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Research and Utilization Division, JASRI/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - A. Q. R. Baron
- Materials Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN/SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Research and Utilization Division, JASRI/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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Huang CY, Cai YQ, Hiraoka N, Chen CC, Chung SC, Song YF, Tsang KL. Cost-effective upgrade of a focusing system for inelastic X-ray scattering experiments under high pressure. J Synchrotron Radiat 2008; 15:50-54. [PMID: 18097078 PMCID: PMC2467530 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049507055884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) is a powerful technique capable of probing the dynamic behavior and electronic structure of materials. For IXS experiments under high pressure up to the megabar range using state-of-the-art diamond-anvil-cell technology, the sample volume is limited to the order of 1 x 10(-3) mm(3) for which a beam focus of the same order and less is often required. In this paper a scheme utilizing a set of low-cost and compact Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors for upgrading the existing optical system of the Taiwan IXS beamline at SPring-8 is described. The scheme as implemented improves the focus to 13 microm x 16 microm (horizontal x vertical) with a transmission of up to 72% and a flux density gain of over 30 times, which has enhanced substantially the efficiency of the beamline for high-pressure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yi Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
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