1
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Prat E, Al Haddad A, Arrell C, Augustin S, Boll M, Bostedt C, Calvi M, Cavalieri AL, Craievich P, Dax A, Dijkstal P, Ferrari E, Follath R, Ganter R, Geng Z, Hiller N, Huppert M, Ischebeck R, Juranić P, Kittel C, Knopp G, Malyzhenkov A, Marcellini F, Neppl S, Reiche S, Sammut N, Schietinger T, Schmidt T, Schnorr K, Trisorio A, Vicario C, Voulot D, Wang G, Weilbach T. An X-ray free-electron laser with a highly configurable undulator and integrated chicanes for tailored pulse properties. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5069. [PMID: 37604879 PMCID: PMC10442322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are state-of-the-art scientific tools capable to study matter on the scale of atomic processes. Since the initial operation of X-ray FELs more than a decade ago, several facilities with upgraded performance have been put in operation. Here we present the first lasing results of Athos, the soft X-ray FEL beamline of SwissFEL at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Athos features an undulator layout based on short APPLE-X modules providing full polarisation control, interleaved with small magnetic chicanes. This versatile configuration allows for many operational modes, giving control over many FEL properties. We show, for example, a 35% reduction of the required undulator length to achieve FEL saturation with respect to standard undulator configurations. We also demonstrate the generation of more powerful pulses than the ones obtained in typical undulators. Athos represents a fundamental step forward in the design of FEL facilities, creating opportunities in FEL-based sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Prat
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Sven Augustin
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marco Boll
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Calvi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Adrian L Cavalieri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Dax
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Eugenio Ferrari
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Follath
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Romain Ganter
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zheqiao Geng
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Hiller
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Martin Huppert
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Pavle Juranić
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kittel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- University of Malta, MSD2080, Msida, Malta
| | - Gregor Knopp
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Malyzhenkov
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Neppl
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sven Reiche
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Schmidt
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carlo Vicario
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Didier Voulot
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Guanglei Wang
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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2
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A perfect X-ray beam splitter and its applications to time-domain interferometry and quantum optics exploiting free-electron lasers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2117906119. [PMID: 35140184 PMCID: PMC8851450 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117906119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) deliver ultrabright X-ray pulses, but not the sequences of phase-coherent pulses required for time-domain interferometry and control of quantum states. For conventional split-and-delay schemes to produce such sequences, the challenge stems from extreme stability requirements when splitting Ångstrom wavelength beams, where the tiniest path-length differences introduce phase jitter. We describe an FEL mode based on selective electron-bunch degradation and transverse beam shaping in the accelerator, combined with a self-seeded photon emission scheme. Instead of splitting the photon pulses after their generation by the FEL, we split the electron bunch in the accelerator, prior to photon generation, to obtain phase-locked X-ray pulses with subfemtosecond duration. Time-domain interferometry becomes possible, enabling the concomitant program of classical and quantum optics experiments with X-rays. The scheme leads to scientific benefits of cutting-edge FELs with attosecond and/or high-repetition rate capabilities, ranging from the X-ray analog of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to damage-free measurements.
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3
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Carbajo S. Light by design: emerging frontiers in ultrafast photon sciences and light–matter interactions. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ac015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Photon sciences and technologies establish the building blocks for myriad scientific and engineering frontiers in life and energy sciences. Because of their overarching functionality, the developmental roadmap and opportunities underpinned by photonics are often semiotically mediated by the delineation of subject areas of application. In this perspective article, we map current and emerging linkages between three intersecting areas of research stewarded by advanced photonics technologies, namely light by design, outlined as (a) quantum and structured photonics, (b) light–matter interactions in accelerators and accelerator-based light sources, and (c) ultrafast sciences and quantum molecular dynamics. In each section, we will concentrate on state-of-the-art achievements and present prospective applications in life sciences, biochemistry, quantum optics and information sciences, and environmental and chemical engineering, all founded on a broad range of photon sources and methodologies. We hope that this interconnected mapping of challenges and opportunities seeds new concepts, theory, and experiments in the advancement of ultrafast photon sciences and light–matter interactions. Through this mapping, we hope to inspire a critically interdisciplinary approach to the science and applications of light by design.
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4
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Duris JP, MacArthur JP, Glownia JM, Li S, Vetter S, Miahnahri A, Coffee R, Hering P, Fry A, Welch ME, Lutman A, Decker FJ, Bohler D, Mock JA, Xu C, Gumerlock K, May JE, Cedillos A, Kraft E, Carrasco MA, Smith BE, Chieffo LR, Xu JZ, Cryan JP, Huang Z, Zholents A, Marinelli A. Controllable X-Ray Pulse Trains from Enhanced Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:104802. [PMID: 33784160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the demonstration of optical compression of an electron beam and the production of controllable trains of femtosecond, soft x-ray pulses with the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free-electron laser (FEL). This is achieved by enhanced self-amplified spontaneous emission with a 2 μm laser and a dechirper device. Optical compression was achieved by modulating the energy of an electron beam with the laser and then compressing with a chicane, resulting in high current spikes on the beam which we observe to lase. A dechirper was then used to selectively control the lasing region of the electron beam. Field autocorrelation measurements indicate a train of pulses, and we find that the number of pulses within the train can be controlled (from 1 to 5 pulses) by varying the dechirper position and undulator taper. These results are a step toward attosecond spectroscopy with x-ray FELs as well as future FEL schemes relying on optical compression of an electron beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Duris
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James P MacArthur
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James M Glownia
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Siqi Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sharon Vetter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alan Miahnahri
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Philippe Hering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alan Fry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Marc E Welch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alberto Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Dorian Bohler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jeremy A Mock
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Karl Gumerlock
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Justin E May
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Antonio Cedillos
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Eugene Kraft
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Manuel A Carrasco
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Brian E Smith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Joseph Z Xu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhirong Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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5
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Maroju PK, Grazioli C, Di Fraia M, Moioli M, Ertel D, Ahmadi H, Plekan O, Finetti P, Allaria E, Giannessi L, De Ninno G, Spezzani C, Penco G, Spampinati S, Demidovich A, Danailov MB, Borghes R, Kourousias G, Sanches Dos Reis CE, Billé F, Lutman AA, Squibb RJ, Feifel R, Carpeggiani P, Reduzzi M, Mazza T, Meyer M, Bengtsson S, Ibrakovic N, Simpson ER, Mauritsson J, Csizmadia T, Dumergue M, Kühn S, Nandiga Gopalakrishna H, You D, Ueda K, Labeye M, Bækhøj JE, Schafer KJ, Gryzlova EV, Grum-Grzhimailo AN, Prince KC, Callegari C, Sansone G. Attosecond pulse shaping using a seeded free-electron laser. Nature 2020; 578:386-391. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Laser-Driven Modulation of Electron Beams in a Dielectric Micro-Structure for X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19773. [PMID: 31874977 PMCID: PMC6930261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an application of laser-driven modulation in a dielectric micro-structure for the electron beam in a free-electron laser (FEL). The energy modulation is transferred into longitudinal bunching via compression in a magnetic chicane before entering the undulator section of the FEL. The bunched electron beam comprises a series of enhanced current spikes separated by the wavelength of the modulating laser. For beam parameters of SwissFEL at a total bunch charge of 30 pC, the individual spikes are expected to be as short as 140 as (FWHM) with peak currents exceeding 4 kA. The proposed modulation scheme requires the electron beam to be focused into the micrometer scale aperture of the dielectric structure, which imposes strict emittance and charge limitations, but, due to the small interaction region, the scheme is expected to require ten times less laser power as compared to laser modulation in a wiggler magnet, which is the conventional approach to create a pulse train in FELs.
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7
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Tanaka T, Rebernik Ribič P. Shortening the pulse duration in seeded free-electron lasers by chirped microbunching. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:30875-30892. [PMID: 31684330 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In externally seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) that rely on a frequency upconversion scheme to generate intense short-wavelength light pulses, the slippage effect in the radiator imposes a lower limit on the FEL pulse duration, which is typically on the order of a few tens of femtoseconds. Recently it was proposed that a combination of a chirped microbunch and a tapered undulator can be used to break this limit. Although the method has the potential to reduce the FEL pulse duration down to a level that cannot be achieved by current state-of-the-art technology, it requires a very short seed pulse (∼ one optical cycle or less), making it challenging to put this concept into practical use. Here, we propose an alternative technique to relax the requirement on the seed pulse length. We show that the modified scheme allows generation of FEL pulses with durations much shorter than that determined by the seed pulse and the slippage effect. The performance of the method, which can easily be implemented at existing seeded FEL user facilities, is evaluated through a campaign of analytical calculations and simulations. For our set of typical seeded FEL parameters, we expect the generation of 1.6 fs long pulses at 26 nm with a peak power of 10 GW using a 20 fs long chirped seed pulse operating at 260 nm.
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8
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Abela R, Alarcon A, Alex J, Arrell C, Arsov V, Bettoni S, Bopp M, Bostedt C, Braun HH, Calvi M, Celcer T, Craievich P, Dax A, Dijkstal P, Dordevic S, Ferrari E, Flechsig U, Follath R, Frei F, Gaiffi N, Geng Z, Gough C, Hiller N, Hunziker S, Huppert M, Ischebeck R, Jöhri H, Juranic P, Kalt R, Kaiser M, Keil B, Kittel C, Künzi R, Lippuner T, Löhl F, Marcellini F, Marinkovic G, Ozkan Loch C, Orlandi GL, Patterson B, Pradervand C, Paraliev M, Pedrozzi M, Prat E, Ranitovic P, Reiche S, Rosenberg C, Sanfilippo S, Schietinger T, Schmidt T, Schnorr K, Svetina C, Trisorio A, Vicario C, Voulot D, Wagner U, Wörner HJ, Zandonella A, Patthey L, Ganter R. The SwissFEL soft X-ray free-electron laser beamline: Athos. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1073-1084. [PMID: 31274430 PMCID: PMC6613127 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The SwissFEL soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) beamline Athos will be ready for user operation in 2021. Its design includes a novel layout of alternating magnetic chicanes and short undulator segments. Together with the APPLE X architecture of undulators, the Athos branch can be operated in different modes producing FEL beams with unique characteristics ranging from attosecond pulse length to high-power modes. Further space has been reserved for upgrades including modulators and an external seeding laser for better timing control. All of these schemes rely on state-of-the-art technologies described in this overview. The optical transport line distributing the FEL beam to the experimental stations was designed with the whole range of beam parameters in mind. Currently two experimental stations, one for condensed matter and quantum materials research and a second one for atomic, molecular and optical physics, chemical sciences and ultrafast single-particle imaging, are being laid out such that they can profit from the unique soft X-ray pulses produced in the Athos branch in an optimal way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Abela
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürgen Alex
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Markus Bopp
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marco Calvi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tine Celcer
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Dax
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Uwe Flechsig
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Follath
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Zheqiao Geng
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Hiller
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Haimo Jöhri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Pavle Juranic
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Roger Kalt
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Maik Kaiser
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Boris Keil
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - René Künzi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Löhl
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduard Prat
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Sven Reiche
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlo Vicario
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Didier Voulot
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Wagner
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Luc Patthey
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Romain Ganter
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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9
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Campbell LT, McNeil BWJ. Frequency modulated free electron laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:8792-8799. [PMID: 31052691 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.008792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that the output frequency of a free electron laser may be modulated to generate a series of modes that span a bandwidth of at least an order of magnitude greater than the normal FEL bandwidth. This new method of frequency modulated FEL operation has close analogies to frequency modulation in conventional cavity lasers. The FM-FEL is analysed and described in the linear regime by a summation over the exponentially amplified frequency modes. Simulations using a 3D, broad bandwidth, numerical code also demonstrate FM-FEL operation for parameters typical of FEL facilities currently under construction. Harmonic bunching methods are used to seed the FM-FEL modes to generate a temporally correlated frequency modulated output over a large bandwidth. This new, FM-FEL mode of operation scales well for X-ray generation, offering users a significantly new form of high-power, short wavelength FEL output.
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10
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Toward the Generation of an Isolated TW-Attosecond X-ray Pulse in XFEL. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The isolated terawatt (TW) attosecond (as) hard X-ray pulse will expand the scope of ultrafast science, including the examination of phenomena that have not been studied before, such as the dynamics of electron clouds in atoms, single-molecule imaging, and examining the dynamics of hollow atoms. Therefore, several schemes for the generation of an isolated TW-as X-ray pulse in X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities have been proposed with the manipulation of electron properties such as emittance or current. In a multi-spike scheme, a series of current spikes were employed to amplify the X-ray pulse. A single-spike scheme in which a TW-as X-ray pulse can be generated by a single current spike was investigated for ideal parameters for the XFEL machine. This paper reviews the proposed schemes and assesses the feasibility of each scheme.
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11
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Isolated terawatt attosecond hard X-ray pulse generated from single current spike. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7463. [PMID: 29748612 PMCID: PMC5945633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated terawatt (TW) attosecond (as) hard X-ray pulse is greatly desired for four-dimensional investigations of natural phenomena with picometer spatial and attosecond temporal resolutions. Since the demand for such sources is continuously increasing, the possibility of generating such pulse by a single current spike without the use of optical or electron delay units in an undulator line is addressed. The conditions of a current spike (width and height) and a modulation laser pulse (wavelength and power) is also discussed. We demonstrate that an isolated TW-level as a hard X-ray can be produced by a properly chosen single current spike in an electron bunch with simulation results. By using realistic specifications of an electron bunch of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL), we show that an isolated, >1.0 TW and ~36 as X-ray pulse at 12.4 keV can be generated in an optimized-tapered undulator line. This result opens a new vista for current XFEL operation: the attosecond XFEL.
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12
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Seddon EA, Clarke JA, Dunning DJ, Masciovecchio C, Milne CJ, Parmigiani F, Rugg D, Spence JCH, Thompson NR, Ueda K, Vinko SM, Wark JS, Wurth W. Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:115901. [PMID: 29059048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7cca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Seddon
- ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom. The School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom. The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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13
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Huang S, Ding Y, Feng Y, Hemsing E, Huang Z, Krzywinski J, Lutman AA, Marinelli A, Maxwell TJ, Zhu D. Generating Single-Spike Hard X-Ray Pulses with Nonlinear Bunch Compression in Free-Electron Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:154801. [PMID: 29077438 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.154801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for generating single-spike hard x-ray pulses in free-electron lasers (FELs) has been developed at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). This is realized by nonlinear bunch compression using 20-pC bunch charge, demonstrated in the hard x-ray regime at 5.6 and 9 keV, respectively. Measurements show about half of the FEL shots containing a single-spike spectrum. At 5.6-keV photon energy, the single-spike shots have a mean pulse energy of about 10 μJ with 70% intensity fluctuation and the pulse full width at half maximum is evaluated to be at 200-as level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huang
- Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y Ding
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Feng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Hemsing
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Z Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A A Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T J Maxwell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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14
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15
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Gauthier D, Allaria E, Coreno M, Cudin I, Dacasa H, Danailov MB, Demidovich A, Di Mitri S, Diviacco B, Ferrari E, Finetti P, Frassetto F, Garzella D, Künzel S, Leroux V, Mahieu B, Mahne N, Meyer M, Mazza T, Miotti P, Penco G, Raimondi L, Ribič PR, Richter R, Roussel E, Schulz S, Sturari L, Svetina C, Trovò M, Walker PA, Zangrando M, Callegari C, Fajardo M, Poletto L, Zeitoun P, Giannessi L, De Ninno G. Chirped pulse amplification in an extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13688. [PMID: 27905401 PMCID: PMC5146278 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirped pulse amplification in optical lasers is a revolutionary technique, which allows the generation of extremely powerful femtosecond pulses in the infrared and visible spectral ranges. Such pulses are nowadays an indispensable tool for a myriad of applications, both in fundamental and applied research. In recent years, a strong need emerged for light sources producing ultra-short and intense laser-like X-ray pulses, to be used for experiments in a variety of disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to biology and material sciences. This demand was satisfied by the advent of short-wavelength free-electron lasers. However, for any given free-electron laser setup, a limit presently exists in the generation of ultra-short pulses carrying substantial energy. Here we present the experimental implementation of chirped pulse amplification on a seeded free-electron laser in the extreme-ultraviolet, paving the way to the generation of fully coherent sub-femtosecond gigawatt pulses in the water window (2.3-4.4 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gauthier
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcello Coreno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.,CNR-ISM, Trieste, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Cudin
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Hugo Dacasa
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR, 7639 Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Simone Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruno Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Frassetto
- CNR - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - David Garzella
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives - DRF/IRAMIS/LIDYL, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Swen Künzel
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vincent Leroux
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,ELI-Beamlines, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Benoît Mahieu
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR, 7639 Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicola Mahne
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michael Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Miotti
- CNR - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Robert Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eléonore Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luca Sturari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristian Svetina
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Trovò
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paul Andreas Walker
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.,IOM-CNR, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marta Fajardo
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luca Poletto
- CNR - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Philippe Zeitoun
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR, 7639 Palaiseau, France
| | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.,Enea, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.,Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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16
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Kumar S, Parc YW, Landsman AS, Kim DE. Temporally-coherent terawatt attosecond XFEL synchronized with a few cycle laser. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37700. [PMID: 27892964 PMCID: PMC5125274 DOI: 10.1038/srep37700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Attosecond metrology using laser-based high-order harmonics has been significantly advanced and applied to various studies of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. Laser-based high-order harmonics have a limitation of low power and photon energies. There is, however, a great demand for even higher power and photon energy. Here, we propose a scheme for a terawatt attosecond (TW-as) X-ray pulse in X-ray free-electron laser controlled by a few cycle IR pulse, where one dominant current spike in an electron bunch is used repeatedly to amplify a seeded radiation to a terawatt level. This scheme is relatively simple, compact, straightforward, and also produces a temporally and spectrally clean pulse. The viability of this scheme is demonstrated in simulations using Pohang accelerator laboratory (PAL)-XFEL beam parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, MPK, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Yong Woon Parc
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Alexandra S Landsman
- Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, MPK, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dong Eon Kim
- Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, MPK, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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17
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Prat E, Calvi M, Ganter R, Reiche S, Schietinger T, Schmidt T. Undulator beamline optimization with integrated chicanes for X-ray free-electron-laser facilities. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:861-8. [PMID: 27359133 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516007165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An optimization of the undulator layout of X-ray free-electron-laser (FEL) facilities based on placing small chicanes between the undulator modules is presented. The installation of magnetic chicanes offers the following benefits with respect to state-of-the-art FEL facilities: reduction of the required undulator length to achieve FEL saturation, improvement of the longitudinal coherence of the FEL pulses, and the ability to produce shorter FEL pulses with higher power levels. Numerical simulations performed for the soft X-ray beamline of the SwissFEL facility show that optimizing the advantages of the layout requires shorter undulator modules than the standard ones. This proposal allows a very compact undulator beamline that produces fully coherent FEL pulses and it makes possible new kinds of experiments that require very short and high-power FEL pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Prat
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marco Calvi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Romain Ganter
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sven Reiche
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Schmidt
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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18
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Coherence and resonance effects in the ultra-intense laser-induced ultrafast response of complex atoms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18529. [PMID: 26732822 PMCID: PMC4702093 DOI: 10.1038/srep18529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both coherent pumping and energy relaxation play important roles in understanding physical processes of ultra-intense coherent light-matter interactions. Here, using a large-scale quantum master equation approach, we describe dynamical processes of practical open quantum systems driven by both coherent and stochastic interactions. As examples, two typical cases of light-matter interactions are studied. First, we investigate coherent dynamics of inner-shell electrons of a neon gas irradiated by a high-intensity X-ray laser along with vast number of decaying channels. In these single-photon dominated processes, we find that, due to coherence-induced Rabi oscillations and power broadening effects, the photon absorptions of a neon gas can be suppressed resulting in differences in ionization processes and final ion-stage distributions. Second, we take helium as an example of multiphoton and multichannel interference dominated electron dynamics, by investigating the transient absorption of an isolated attosecond pulse in the presence of a femtosecond infrared laser pulse.
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19
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Petralia A, Anania MP, Artioli M, Bacci A, Bellaveglia M, Carpanese M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Ciocci F, Dattoli G, Di Giovenale D, Di Palma E, Di Pirro GP, Ferrario M, Giannessi L, Innocenti L, Mostacci A, Petrillo V, Pompili R, Rau JV, Ronsivalle C, Rossi AR, Sabia E, Shpakov V, Vaccarezza C, Villa F. Two-Color Radiation Generated in a Seeded Free-Electron Laser with Two Electron Beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:014801. [PMID: 26182099 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.014801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental evidence of the generation of coherent and statistically stable two-color free-electron laser radiation obtained by seeding an electron beam double peaked in energy with a laser pulse single spiked in frequency. The radiation presents two neat spectral lines, with time delay, frequency separation, and relative intensity that can be accurately controlled. The analysis of the emitted radiation shows a temporal coherence and a shot-to-shot regularity in frequency significantly enhanced with respect to the self-amplified spontaneous emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Petralia
- ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, IT 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - M P Anania
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - M Artioli
- ENEA Centro Ricerche Bologna, Via Martiri Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Bacci
- INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bellaveglia
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - M Carpanese
- ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, IT 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - E Chiadroni
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - A Cianchi
- Università Tor Vergata di Roma, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - F Ciocci
- ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, IT 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - G Dattoli
- ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, IT 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - D Di Giovenale
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - E Di Palma
- ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, IT 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - G P Di Pirro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - M Ferrario
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, IT 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - L Innocenti
- Università Tor Vergata di Roma, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A Mostacci
- Università La Sapienza di Roma, Via Antonio Scarpa 24, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - V Petrillo
- INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Pompili
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - J V Rau
- ISM-CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Ronsivalle
- ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, IT 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - A R Rossi
- INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E Sabia
- ENEA Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, IT 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - V Shpakov
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - C Vaccarezza
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - F Villa
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
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20
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Two-colour hard X-ray free-electron laser with wide tunability. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2919. [PMID: 24301682 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrabrilliant, femtosecond X-ray pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have promoted the investigation of exotic interactions between intense X-rays and matters, and the observation of minute targets with high spatio-temporal resolution. Although a single X-ray beam has been utilized for these experiments, the use of multiple beams with flexible and optimum beam parameters should drastically enhance the capability and potentiality of XFELs. Here we show a new light source of a two-colour double-pulse (TCDP) XFEL in hard X-rays using variable-gap undulators, which realizes a large and flexible wavelength separation of more than 30% with an ultraprecisely controlled time interval in the attosecond regime. Together with sub-10-fs pulse duration and multi-gigawatt peak powers, the TCDP scheme enables us to elucidate X-ray-induced ultrafast transitions of electronic states and structures, which will significantly contribute to the advancement of ultrafast chemistry, plasma and astronomical physics, and quantum X-ray optics.
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21
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Marinelli A, Lutman AA, Wu J, Ding Y, Krzywinski J, Nuhn HD, Feng Y, Coffee RN, Pellegrini C. Multicolor operation and spectral control in a gain-modulated x-ray free-electron laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:134801. [PMID: 24116783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.134801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We show that the spectral properties of a self-amplified spontaneous emission x-ray free-electron laser can be controlled by modulating the gain in magnetic undulators, thus producing one or several spectral lines within a single few femtosecond pulse. By varying the magnetic field along the undulator and the electron beam transport line, the system we demonstrate can tailor the x-ray spectrum to optimally meet numerous experimental requirements for multicolor operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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22
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Petrillo V, Anania MP, Artioli M, Bacci A, Bellaveglia M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Ciocci F, Dattoli G, Di Giovenale D, Di Pirro G, Ferrario M, Gatti G, Giannessi L, Mostacci A, Musumeci P, Petralia A, Pompili R, Quattromini M, Rau JV, Ronsivalle C, Rossi AR, Sabia E, Vaccarezza C, Villa F. Observation of time-domain modulation of free-electron-laser pulses by multipeaked electron-energy spectrum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:114802. [PMID: 24074094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental demonstration of a new scheme for the generation of ultrashort pulse trains based on free-electron-laser (FEL) emission from a multipeaked electron energy distribution. Two electron beamlets with energy difference larger than the FEL parameter ρ have been generated by illuminating the cathode with two ps-spaced laser pulses, followed by a rotation of the longitudinal phase space by velocity bunching in the linac. The resulting self-amplified spontaneous emission FEL radiation, measured through frequency-resolved optical gating diagnostics, reveals a double-peaked spectrum and a temporally modulated pulse structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Petrillo
- INFN-Milano and Università di Milano, Via Celoria, 16 20133 Milano, Italy
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23
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McNeil BWJ, Thompson NR, Dunning DJ. Transform-limited x-ray pulse generation from a high-brightness self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:134802. [PMID: 23581327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.134802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A method to achieve high-brightness self-amplified spontaneous emission (HB-SASE) in the free-electron laser (FEL) is described. The method uses repeated nonequal electron beam delays to delocalize the collective FEL interaction and break the radiation coherence length dependence on the FEL cooperation length. The method requires no external seeding or photon optics and so is applicable at any wavelength or repetition rate. It is demonstrated, using linear theory and numerical simulations, that the radiation coherence length can be increased by approximately 2 orders of magnitude over SASE with a corresponding increase in spectral brightness. Examples are shown of HB-SASE generating transform-limited FEL pulses in the soft x-ray and near transform-limited pulses in the hard x-ray. Such pulses may greatly benefit existing applications and may also open up new areas of scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W J McNeil
- University of Strathclyde (SUPA), Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom.
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24
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Dunning DJ, McNeil BWJ, Thompson NR. Few-cycle pulse generation in an x-ray free-electron laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:104801. [PMID: 23521266 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A method is proposed to generate trains of few-cycle x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser (FEL) amplifier via a compact "afterburner" extension consisting of several few-period undulator sections separated by electron chicane delays. Simulations show that in the hard x ray (wavelength ~0.1 nm; photon energy ~10 keV) and with peak powers approaching normal FEL saturation (GW) levels, root mean square pulse durations of 700 zs may be obtained. This is approximately two orders of magnitude shorter than that possible for normal FEL amplifier operation. The spectrum is discretely multichromatic with a bandwidth envelope increased by approximately 2 orders of magnitude over unseeded FEL amplifier operation. Such a source would significantly enhance research opportunity in atomic dynamics and push capability toward nuclear dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Dunning
- ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory and Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom.
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25
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Tanaka T. Proposal for a pulse-compression scheme in x-ray free-electron lasers to generate a multiterawatt, attosecond x-ray pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:084801. [PMID: 23473154 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel scheme to compress the radiation pulse in x-ray free electron lasers is proposed not only to shorten the pulse length but also to enhance the peak power of the radiation, by inducing a periodic current enhancement with an optical laser and applying a temporal shift between the optical and electron beams. Calculations show that a 10-keV x-ray pulse with a peak power of 5 TW and a pulse length of 50 asec can be generated by applying this scheme to an existing x-ray free electron laser facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
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