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Ge P, Dou Y, Han M, Fang Y, Deng Y, Wu C, Gong Q, Liu Y. Spatiotemporal imaging and shaping of electron wave functions using novel attoclock interferometry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:497. [PMID: 38216557 PMCID: PMC10786904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrons detached from atoms by photoionization carry valuable information about light-atom interactions. Characterizing and shaping the electron wave function on its natural timescale is of paramount importance for understanding and controlling ultrafast electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and condensed matter. Here we propose a novel attoclock interferometry to shape and image the electron wave function in atomic photoionization. Using a combination of a strong circularly polarized second harmonic and a weak linearly polarized fundamental field, we spatiotemporally modulate the atomic potential barrier and shape the electron wave functions, which are mapped into a temporal interferometry. By analyzing the two-color phase-resolved and angle-resolved photoelectron interference, we are able to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of the shaping on the amplitude and phase of electron wave function in momentum space within the optical cycle, from which we identify the quantum nature of strong-field ionization and reveal the effect of the spatiotemporal properties of atomic potential on the departing electron. This study provides a new approach for spatiotemporal shaping and imaging of electron wave function in intense light-matter interactions and holds great potential for resolving ultrafast electronic dynamics in molecules, solids, and liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yankun Dou
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meng Han
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Yiqi Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongkai Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengyin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Chen Z, Li S, Kang H, Morishita T, Bartschat K. Ellipticity dependence of anticorrelation in the nonsequential double ionization of Ar. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:44039-44054. [PMID: 36523088 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of the improved quantitative rescattering (QRS) model, we simulate the correlated two-electron momentum distributions (CMDs) for nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of Ar by elliptically polarized laser pulses with a wavelength of 788 nm at an intensity of 0.7 × 1014 W/cm2 for the ellipticities ranging from 0 to 0.3. Only the CMDs for recollision excitation with subsequent ionization (RESI) are calculated and the contribution from recollision direct ionization is neglected. According to the QRS model, the CMD for RESI can be factorized as a product of the parallel momentum distribution (PMD) for the first released electron after recollision and the PMD for the second electron ionized from an excited state of the parent ion. The PMD for the first electron is obtained from the laser-free differential cross sections for electron impact excitation of Ar+ calculated using state-of-the-art many-electron R-matrix theory while that for the second electron is evaluated by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The results show that the CMDs for all the ellipticities considered here exhibit distinct anticorrelated back-to-back emission of the electrons along the major polarization direction, and the anticorrelation is more pronounced with increasing ellipticity. It is found that anticorrelation is attributed to the pattern of the PMD for the second electron ionized from the excited state that, in turn, is caused by the delayed recollision time with respect to the instant of the external field crossing. Our work shows that both the ionization potential of the excited parent ion and the laser intensity play important roles in the process.
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3
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Su J, Liu Z, Liao J, Huang X, Li Y, Huang C. Electron correlation and recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization by counter-rotating two-color elliptically polarized laser fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:24898-24908. [PMID: 36237033 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of Argon atoms by counter-rotating two-color elliptically polarized (TCEP) fields is investigated with a three-dimensional classical ensemble model. Different from two-color circularly polarized fields, the combined electric field in TCEP pulses has no symmetry and the ionized electron mainly returns to the parent ion from one direction. Thus the electron momentum distributions show strong asymmetry. Numerical results show with the increase of the relative phase between the two elliptical fields, the return angle of the travelling electron, i.e., the angle between the return direction of the electron and the +x direction, gradually decreases. Moreover, the dominant behavior of electron pairs evolves from anti-correlation to correlation with the relative phase increasing. This provides an avenue to control the return angle and electron correlation behavior by the relative phase between the two elliptical fields.
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4
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Xu J, Li Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Li M, Yu B, Lu P. Nonsequential double ionization driven by inhomogeneous laser fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:15951-15962. [PMID: 36221449 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With a three-dimensional classical ensemble method, we theoretically investigated the correlated electron dynamics in nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) driven by the spatially inhomogeneous fields. Our results show that NSDI in the spatially inhomogeneous fields is more efficient than that in the spatially homogeneous fields at the low laser intensities, while at the high intensities NSDI is suppressed as compared to the homogeneous fields. More interestingly, our results show that the electron pairs from NSDI exhibit a much stronger angular correlation in the spatially inhomogeneous fields, especially at the higher laser intensities. The correlated electron momentum distribution shows that in the inhomogeneous fields the electron pairs favor to achieve the same final momentum, and the distributions dominantly are clustered in the more compact regions. It is shown that the electron's momentum is focused by the inhomogeneous fields. The underlying dynamics is revealed by back-tracing the classical trajectories.
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5
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Lin K, Chen X, Eckart S, Jiang H, Hartung A, Trabert D, Fehre K, Rist J, Schmidt LPH, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Kunitski M, He F, Dörner R. Magnetic-Field Effect as a Tool to Investigate Electron Correlation in Strong-Field Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:113201. [PMID: 35363023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the magnetic component of the driving electromagnetic field is often neglected when investigating light-matter interaction. We show that the magnetic component of the light field plays an important role in nonsequential double ionization, which serves as a powerful tool to investigate electron correlation. We investigate the magnetic-field effects in double ionization of xenon atoms driven by near-infrared ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses and find that the mean forward shift of the electron momentum distribution in light-propagation direction agrees well with the classical prediction, where no under-barrier or recollisional nondipole enhancement is observed. By extending classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations beyond the dipole approximation, we reveal that double ionization proceeds via recollision-induced doubly excited states, followed by subsequent sequential over-barrier field ionization of the two electrons. In agreement with this model, the binding energies do not lead to an additional nondipole forward shift of the electrons. Our findings provide a new method to study electron correlation by exploiting the effect of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Baoshan Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai 200940, China
| | - Sebastian Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Alexander Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Daniel Trabert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Kilian Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Jonas Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Lothar Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | | | - Maksim Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
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Larsson HR, Tannor DJ. Control of concerted back-to-back double ionization dynamics in helium. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:144105. [PMID: 34654299 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Double ionization (DI) is a fundamental process that despite its apparent simplicity provides rich opportunities for probing and controlling the electronic motion. Even for the simplest multielectron atom, helium, new DI mechanisms are still being found. To first order in the field strength, a strong external field doubly ionizes the electrons in helium such that they are ejected into the same direction (front-to-back motion). The ejection into opposite directions (back-to-back motion) cannot be described to first order, making it a challenging target for control. Here, we address this challenge and optimize the field with the objective of back-to-back double ionization using a (1 + 1)-dimensional model. The optimization is performed using four different control procedures: (1) short-time control, (2) derivative-free optimization of basis expansions of the field, (3) the Krotov method, and (4) control of the classical equations of motion. All four procedures lead to fields with dominant back-to-back motion. All the fields obtained exploit essentially the same two-step mechanism leading to back-to-back motion: first, the electrons are displaced by the field into the same direction. Second, after the field turns off, the nuclear attraction and the electron-electron repulsion combine to generate the final motion into opposite directions for each electron. By performing quasi-classical calculations, we confirm that this mechanism is essentially classical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik R Larsson
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - David J Tannor
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Efimov DK, Maksymov A, Ciappina M, Prauzner-Bechcicki JS, Lewenstein M, Zakrzewski J. Three-electron correlations in strong laser field ionization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:26526-26537. [PMID: 34615086 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong field processes involving several active electrons reveal unambiguous dynamical signatures of the Pauli principle importance even in the nonrelativistic regime. We exemplify this statement studying three active electrons model atoms interacting with strong pulsed radiation, using an ab-initio time-dependent Schrödinger equation on a grid. In our restricted dimensionality model we are able to analyze momenta correlations of the three outgoing electrons using Dalitz plots. The different symmetries of the electronic wavefunctions, directly related to the initial state spin components, appear clearly visible.
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8
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Chen X, Ruiz C, He F, Zhang J. Mapping initial transverse momenta of tunnel-ionized electrons to rescattering double ionization in nondipole regimes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:14884-14896. [PMID: 32403522 DOI: 10.1364/oe.391138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the double ionization of a model Neon atom in strong middle infrared laser pulses by simulating the classical trajectories of the electron ensemble. After one electron tunnels out from the laser-dressed Coulomb barrier, it might undergo different returning trajectories depending on its initial transverse momentum, which in this wavelength may propagate along or deviate from the polarization direction. This initial transverse momentum determines the rescattering time, and thus some trajectories can have returning time longer than one optical cycle. These late-returning trajectories determine the correlated electron-electron momentum distribution for double ionization and allow us to disentangle each double ionization event from the final momentum distribution. The description of these trajectories allow us also to understand how the nondipole effects modify the correlated electron-electron momentum distribution in double ionization.
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9
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Chen Z, Wen H, Liu F, Morishita T, Zatsarinny O, Bartschat K. Intensity dependence in nonsequential double ionization of helium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:6490-6504. [PMID: 32225895 DOI: 10.1364/oe.386971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using the quantitative rescattering model, we simulate the correlated two-electron momentum distributions for nonsequential double ionization of helium by 800 nm laser pulses at intensities in the range of (2 - 15) × 1014 W/cm2. The experimentally observed V-shaped structure at high intensities [A. Rudenko et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 263003 (2007)] is attributed to the strong forward scattering in laser-induced recollision excitation and the asymmetric momentum distribution of electrons that are tunneling-ionized from the excited states. The final-state electron repulsion also plays an important role in forming the V-shaped structure.
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10
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Jiang WC, Chen SG, Peng LY, Burgdörfer J. Two-Electron Interference in Strong-Field Ionization of He by a Short Intense Extreme Ultraviolet Laser Pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:043203. [PMID: 32058759 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.043203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Double ionization of helium by a single intense (above 10^{18} W/cm^{2}) linearly polarized extreme ultraviolet laser pulse is studied by numerically solving the full-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. For the laser intensities well beyond the perturbative limit, novel gridlike interference fringes are found in the correlated energy spectrum of the two photoelectrons. The interference can be traced to the multitude of two-electron wave packets emitted at different ionization times. A semianalytical model for the dressed two-photon double ionization is shown to qualitatively account for the interference patterns in the joint energy spectrum. Similar signatures of interferences between transient induced time-delayed ionization bursts are expected for other atomic and molecular multielectron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chao Jiang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Si-Ge Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liang-You Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Joachim Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
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11
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Fingerprints of slingshot non-sequential double ionization on two-electron probability distributions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18855. [PMID: 31827133 PMCID: PMC6906482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We study double ionization of He driven by near-single-cycle laser pulses at low intensities at 400 nm. Using a three-dimensional semiclassical model, we identify the pathways that prevail non-sequential double ionization (NSDI). We focus mostly on the delayed pathway, where one electron ionizes with a time-delay after recollision. We have recently shown that the mechanism that prevails the delayed pathway depends on intensity. For low intensities slingshot-NSDI is the dominant mechanism. Here, we identify the differences in two-electron probability distributions of the prevailing NSDI pathways. This allows us to identify properties of the two-electron escape and thus gain significant insight into slingshot-NSDI. Interestingly, we find that an observable fingerpint of slingshot-NSDI is the two electrons escaping with large and roughly equal energies.
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12
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Tong A, Li Q, Ma X, Zhou Y, Lu P. Internal collision induced strong-field nonsequential double ionization in molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6415-6425. [PMID: 30876227 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using the classical ensemble method, we have investigated the alignment dependence of the correlated electron dynamics in strong-field nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of diatomic molecules driven by linearly polarized laser pulses. Our numerical results show that the correlated electron pairs are more likely to emit into the same hemisphere (side-by-side emission) for the parallel aligned molecules at the small internuclear distance, in agreement with previous experimental results. Surprisingly, as the internuclear distance increases, this side-by-side emission is more prevalent for the perpendicularly aligned molecules. Back analyzing of the classical trajectories shows that a considerable part of the NSDI events for the parallel aligned molecules at the large internuclear distances occur through an internal collision, not the well-known recollision. In the internal collision induced NSDI, the first electron tunnels through the inner barrier from the up-field core, moves directly towards the other core, and kicks out the second electron. For this type of NSDI events, the electron pairs are more likely to emit into the opposite hemispheres and thus the correlated electron momentum spectrum exhibits a more dominant back-to-back behavior in the parallel aligned molecules.
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Katsoulis GP, Hadjipittas A, Bergues B, Kling MF, Emmanouilidou A. Slingshot Nonsequential Double Ionization as a Gate to Anticorrelated Two-Electron Escape. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:263203. [PMID: 30636162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.263203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
At intensities below the recollision threshold, we show that recollision-induced excitation with one electron escaping fast after recollision and the other electron escaping with a time delay via a Coulomb slingshot motion is one of the most important mechanisms of nonsequential double ionization (NSDI), for strongly driven He at 400 nm. Slingshot NSDI is a general mechanism present for a wide range of low intensities and pulse durations. Anticorrelated two-electron escape is its striking hallmark. This mechanism offers an alternative explanation of anticorrelated two-electron escape obtained in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Katsoulis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Hadjipittas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - B Bergues
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M F Kling
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Emmanouilidou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Kang H, Zhou Y, Lu P. Steering electron correlation time by elliptically polarized femtosecond laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:33400-33408. [PMID: 30645492 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electron correlation is ubiquitous across diverse physical systems from atoms and molecules to condensed matter. Observing and controlling dynamical electron correlation in photoinduced processes paves the way to the coherent control of chemical reactionsand photobiological processes. Here, we experimentally investigate dynamics of electron correlation in double ionization of neon irradiated by intense elliptically polarized laser pulses. We find a characteristic, ellipticity-dependent, correlated electron emission along the minor axis of the elliptically polarized light. This observation is well reproduced by a semi-classical ensemble model simulation. By tracing back the corresponding electron trajectories, we find that the dynamical energy sharing during the electron emission process is modified by the ellipticity of the laser light. Thus, our work provides evidence for a possible ultrafast control of the energy sharing between the correlated electrons by varying the light ellipticity.
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15
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Luo S, Ma X, Xie H, Li M, Zhou Y, Cao W, Lu P. Controlling nonsequential double ionization of Ne with parallel-polarized two-color laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13666-13676. [PMID: 29801389 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We measure the recoil-ion momentum distributions from nonsequential double ionization of Ne by two-color laser pulses consisting of a strong 800-nm field and a weak 400-nm field with parallel polarizations. The ion momentum spectra show pronounced asymmetries in the emission direction, which depend sensitively on the relative phase of the two-color components. Moreover, the peak of the doubly charged ion momentum distribution shifts gradually with the relative phase. The shifted range is much larger than the maximal vector potential of the 400-nm laser field. Those features are well recaptured by a semiclassical model. Through analyzing the correlated electron dynamics, we found that the energy sharing between the two electrons is extremely unequal at the instant of recollison. We further show that the shift of the ion momentum corresponds to the change of the recollision time in the two-color laser field. By tuning the relative phase of the two-color components, the recollision time is controlled with attosecond precision.
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16
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Li N, Zhou Y, Ma X, Li M, Huang C, Lu P. Correlated electron dynamics in strong-field nonsequential double ionization of Mg. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:174302. [PMID: 29117686 DOI: 10.1063/1.5001668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the classical ensemble model, we systematically investigate strong-field nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of Mg by intense elliptically polarized laser pulses with different wavelengths. Different from the noble atoms, NSDI occurs for Mg driven by elliptically and circularly polarized laser fields. Our results show that in elliptically and circularly polarized laser fields, the NSDI yield is sharply suppressed as the wavelength increases. Interestingly, the correlated behavior in the electron momentum spectra depends sensitively on the wavelengths. The corresponding electron dynamics is revealed by back tracing the classical trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yueming Zhou
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ma
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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17
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Winney AH, Lee SK, Lin YF, Liao Q, Adhikari P, Basnayake G, Schlegel HB, Li W. Attosecond Electron Correlation Dynamics in Double Ionization of Benzene Probed with Two-Electron Angular Streaking. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:123201. [PMID: 29341647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With a novel three-dimensional electron-electron coincidence imaging technique and two-electron angular streaking method, we show that the emission time delay between two electrons can be measured from tens of attoseconds to more than 1 fs. Surprisingly, in benzene, the double ionization rate decays as the time delay between the first and second electron emission increases during the first 500 as. This is further supported by the decay of the Coulomb repulsion in the direction perpendicular to the laser polarization. This result reveals that laser-induced electron correlation plays a major role in strong field double ionization of benzene driven by a nearly circularly polarized field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Winney
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Suk Kyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Yun Fei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Qing Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Pradip Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Gihan Basnayake
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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18
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Rudenko A, Makhija V, Vajdi A, Ergler T, Schürholz M, Kushawaha RK, Ullrich J, Moshammer R, Kumarappan V. Strong-field-induced wave packet dynamics in carbon dioxide molecule. Faraday Discuss 2016; 194:463-478. [PMID: 27711853 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00152a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Temporal evolution of electronic and nuclear wave packets created in strong-field excitation of the carbon dioxide molecule is studied employing momentum-resolved ion spectroscopy and channel-selective Fourier analysis. Combining the data obtained with two different pump-probe set-ups, we observed signatures of vibrational dynamics in both, ionic and neutral states of the molecule. We consider far-off-resonance two-photon Raman scattering to be the most likely mechanism of vibrational excitation in the electronic ground state of the neutral CO2. Using the measured phase relation between the time-dependent yields of different fragmentation channels, which is consistent with the proposed mechanism, we suggest an intuitive picture of the underlying vibrational dynamics. For ionic states, we found signatures of both, electronic and vibrational excitations, which involve the ground and the first excited electronic states, depending on the particular final state of the fragmentation. While our results for ionic states are consistent with the recent observations by Erattupuzha et al. [J. Chem. Phys.144, 024306 (2016)], the neutral state contribution was not observed there, which we attribute to a larger bandwidth of the 8 fs pulses we used for this experiment. In a complementary measurement employing longer, 35 fs pulses in a 30 ps delay range, we study the influence of rotational excitation on our observables, and demonstrate how the coherent electronic wave packet created in the ground electronic state of the ion completely decays within 10 ps due to the coupling to rotational motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Rudenko
- J.R Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA. and Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Makhija
- J.R Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA. and Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Aram Vajdi
- J.R Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Thorsten Ergler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Rajesh K Kushawaha
- J.R Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Vinod Kumarappan
- J.R Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
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19
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Huang C, Zhong M, Wu Z. Recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization of atoms by long-wavelength pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:28361-28371. [PMID: 27958546 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.028361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recollision dynamics and electron correlation behavior are investigated for several long laser wavelengths (1200-3000 nm) in nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of helium using three-dimensional classical ensembles. Numerical results show that for these long wavelengths NSDI events are mainly from the multiple-return trajectory which is different from the case of 800 nm. Moreover, with increasing laser wavelength NSDI events move from the diagonal to the two axes in the correlated electron momentum distributions, and finally form an experimentally observed prominent V-shaped structure [Phys. Rev. X 5, 021034 (2015)] in the first and third quadrants. Back analysis indicates that the asymmetric energy sharing between the two electrons at recollision is responsible for the formation of the prominent V-shaped structure of 3000 nm.
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20
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Nonsequential double ionization with mid-infrared laser fields. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37413. [PMID: 27857182 PMCID: PMC5114651 DOI: 10.1038/srep37413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a full-dimensional Monte Carlo classical ensemble method, we present a theoretical study of atomic nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) with mid-infrared laser fields, and compare with results from near-infrared laser fields. Unlike single-electron strong-field processes, double ionization shows complex and unexpected interplays between the returning electron and its parent ion core. As a result of these interplays, NSDI for mid-IR fields is dominated by second-returning electron trajectories, instead of first-returning trajectories for near-IR fields. Some complex NSDI channels commonly happen with near-IR fields, such as the recollision-excitation-with-subsequent-ionization (RESI) channel, are virtually shut down by mid-IR fields. Besides, the final energies of the two electrons can be extremely unequal, leading to novel e-e momentum correlation spectra that can be measured experimentally.
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21
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Eckart S, Richter M, Kunitski M, Hartung A, Rist J, Henrichs K, Schlott N, Kang H, Bauer T, Sann H, Schmidt LPH, Schöffler M, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Nonsequential Double Ionization by Counterrotating Circularly Polarized Two-Color Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:133202. [PMID: 27715093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on nonsequential double ionization of Ar by a laser pulse consisting of two counterrotating circularly polarized fields (390 and 780 nm). The double-ionization probability depends strongly on the relative intensity of the two fields and shows a kneelike structure as a function of intensity. We conclude that double ionization is driven by a beam of nearly monoenergetic recolliding electrons, which can be controlled in intensity and energy by the field parameters. The electron momentum distributions show the recolliding electron as well as a second electron which escapes from an intermediate excited state of Ar^{+}.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Henrichs
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Schlott
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Kang
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - T Bauer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Sann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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22
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Huang C, Zhong M, Wu Z. Origin of double-line structure in nonsequential double ionization by few-cycle laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:044302. [PMID: 27475356 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of molecules by few-cycle laser pulses at the laser intensity of 1.2-1.5 × 10(14) W/cm(2) using the classical ensemble model. The same double-line structure as the lower intensity (1.0 × 10(14) W/cm(2)) is also observed in the correlated electron momentum spectra for 1.2-1.4 × 10(14) W/cm(2). However, in contrast to the lower intensity where NSDI proceeds only through the recollision-induced double excitation with subsequent ionization (RDESI) mechanism, here, the recollision-induced excitation with subsequent ionization (RESI) mechanism has a more significant contribution to NSDI. This indicates that RDESI is not necessary for the formation of the double-line structure and RESI can give rise to the same type of structure independently. Furthermore, we explore the ultrafast dynamics underlying the formation of the double-line structure in RESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingmin Zhong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhengmao Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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23
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Maxwell AS, Faria CFDM. Controlling Below-Threshold Nonsequential Double Ionization via Quantum Interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:143001. [PMID: 27104701 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show through simulation that quantum interference in nonsequential double ionization can be used to control the recollision excitation with subsequent ionization (RESI) mechanism. This includes the shape, localization, and symmetry of RESI electron-momentum distributions, which may be shifted from a correlated to an anticorrelated distribution or vice versa, far below the direct ionization threshold intensity. As a testing ground, we reproduce recent experimental results by employing specific coherent superpositions of excitation channels. We examine two types of interference, from electron indistinguishability and intracycle events, and from different excitation channels. These effects survive focal averaging and transverse-momentum integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Maxwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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24
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Chen Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li M, Lan P, Lu P. The contribution of the delayed ionization in strong-field nonsequential double ionization. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:024304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4939642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yinbo Chen
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueming Zhou
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Ye D, Li M, Fu L, Liu J, Gong Q, Liu Y, Ullrich J. Scaling Laws of the Two-Electron Sum-Energy Spectrum in Strong-Field Double Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:123001. [PMID: 26430991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sum-energy spectrum of two correlated electrons emitted in nonsequential strong-field double ionization (SFDI) of Ar was studied for intensities of 0.3 to 2×10^{14} W/cm^{2}. We find the mean sum energy, the maximum of the distributions as well as the high-energy tail of the scaled (to the ponderomotive energy) spectra increase with decreasing intensity below the recollision threshold (BRT). At higher intensities the spectra collapse into a single distribution. This behavior can be well explained within a semiclassical model providing clear evidence of the importance of multiple recollisions in the BRT regime. Here, ultrafast thermalization between both electrons is found occurring within three optical cycles only and leaving its clear footprint in the sum-energy spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difa Ye
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Fu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
- CAPT, HEDPS, and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
- CAPT, HEDPS, and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Center for Fusion Energy Science and Technology, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - J Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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26
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Tong A, Zhou Y, Lu P. Resolving subcycle electron emission in strong-field sequential double ionization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:15774-15783. [PMID: 26193556 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.015774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using a fully classical model, we have studied sequential double ionization (SDI) of argon driven by elliptically polarized laser pulses at intensities well in the over-barrier ionization region. The results show that ion momentum distributions evolve from the two-band structure to the four-band, six-band structure and finally to the previously obtained four-band structure as the pulse duration increases. Our analysis shows that the evolution of these band structures originates from the pulse-duration-dependent multiple ionization bursts of the second electron. These band structures unambiguously indicate the subcycle electron emission in SDI.
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27
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Gong X, Song Q, Ji Q, Lin K, Pan H, Ding J, Zeng H, Wu J. Channel-resolved above-threshold double ionization of acetylene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:163001. [PMID: 25955049 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the channel-resolved above-threshold double ionization (ATDI) of acetylene in the multiphoton regime using an ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulse centered at 395 nm by measuring all the ejected electrons and ions in coincidence. As compared to the sequential process, diagonal lines in the electron-electron joint energy spectrum are observed for the nonsequential ATDI owing to the correlative sharing of the absorbed multiphoton energies. We demonstrate that the distinct channel-resolved sequential and nonsequential ATDI spectra can clearly reveal the photon-induced acetylene-vinylidene isomerization via proton migration on the cation or dication states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qiying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qinying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jingxin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Heping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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28
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Bai L, Wang X. Transition of correlated-electron emission in nonsequential double ionization of Ar atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7044-7052. [PMID: 25837049 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Emission of the two electrons released from nonsequential double ionization of argon atoms is anticorrelated at lower laser intensities but is correlated at higher laser intensities. Such a transition is caused by the momentum change of recollision-induced-ionization (RII) electrons. At lower laser intensities, the Coulomb repulsion between the two RII electrons dominates the motion of electrons and pushes them leaving the laser field back-to-back. At higher laser intensities, the drift momentum obtained from the laser field dominates the motion of electrons and drives them leaving the laser field side-by-side.
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29
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Abstract
A new type of dissipative solitons--dissipative Raman solitons--are revealed on the basis of numerical study of the generalized complex nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau equation. The stimulated Raman scattering significantly affects the energy scalability of the dissipative solitons, causing splitting to multiple pulses. We show, that an appropriate increase of the group-delay dispersion can suppress the multipulsing instability due to formation of the dissipative Raman soliton, which is chirped, has a Stokes-shifted spectrum, and chaotic modulation on its trailing edge. The strong perturbation of a soliton envelope caused by the stimulated Raman scattering confines the energy scalability preventing the so-called dissipative soliton resonance. We show, that in practical implementations, a spectral filter can extend the stability regions of high-energy pulses.
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30
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Sun X, Li M, Ye D, Xin G, Fu L, Xie X, Deng Y, Wu C, Liu J, Gong Q, Liu Y. Mechanisms of strong-field double ionization of Xe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:103001. [PMID: 25238353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We perform a fully differential measurement on strong-field double ionization of Xe by 25 fs, 790 nm laser pulses in intensity region (0.4-3)×10(14) W/cm2. We observe that the two-dimensional correlation momentum spectra along the laser polarization direction show a nonstructured distribution for double ionization of Xe when decreasing the laser intensity from 3×10(14) to 4×10(13) W/cm2. The electron correlation behavior is remarkably different with the low-Z rare gases, i.e., He, Ne, and Ar. We find that the electron energy cutoffs increase from 2.9Up to 7.8Up when decreasing the laser intensities from the sequential double ionization to the nonsequential double ionization regime. The experimental observation indicates that multiple rescatterings play an important role for the generation of high energy photoelectrons. We have further studied the shielding effect on the strong-field double ionization of high-Z atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Sun
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Difa Ye
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088 Beijing, China
| | - Guoguo Xin
- Department of Physics, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Libin Fu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088 Beijing, China and HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiguo Xie
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongkai Deng
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengyin Wu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088 Beijing, China and HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
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31
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Hao X, Chen J, Li W, Wang B, Wang X, Becker W. Quantum effects in double ionization of argon below the threshold intensity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:073002. [PMID: 24579593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
So far, nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of atoms can be well understood within a semiclassical or even classical picture. No quantum effect appears to be required to explain the data observed. We theoretically study electron correlation resulting from NSDI of argon in a low-intensity laser field using a quantum-mechanical S-matrix theory. We show that quantum interference between the contributions of different intermediate excited states of the singly charged argon ion produces a transition from back-to-back to side-by-side emission with increasing laser intensity, which is in close agreement with the experimental data. For higher intensities, this transition is enhanced by the consequences of depletion of the excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLei Hao
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China, and Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jing Chen
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China, and Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
| | - WeiDong Li
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Laboratory of Optical Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wilhelm Becker
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short-Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Liu Y, Fu L, Ye D, Liu J, Li M, Wu C, Gong Q, Moshammer R, Ullrich J. Strong-field double ionization through sequential release from double excitation with subsequent Coulomb scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:013003. [PMID: 24483894 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We perform a triple coincidence study on differential momentum distributions of strong-field double ionization of Ar atoms in linearly polarized fields (795 nm, 45 fs, 7×10(13) W/cm2). Using a three-dimensional two-electron atomic-ensemble semiclassical model including the tunneling effect for both electrons, we retrieve differential momentum distributions and achieve a good agreement with the measurement. Ionization dynamics of the correlated electrons for the side-by-side and back-to-back emission is analyzed separately. According to the semiclassical model, we find that the doubly excited states are largely populated after the laser-assisted recollision and large amounts of double ionization dominantly takes place through sequential ionization of doubly excited states at such a low laser intensity. Compared with the Coulomb-free and Coulomb-corrected sequential tunneling models, we verify that electrons can obtain an energy as large as ∼6.5U p through Coulomb scattering in the combined laser and doubly charged ionic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Liu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China and Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Libin Fu
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100084 Beijing, China and Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088 Beijing, China
| | - Difa Ye
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany and Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088 Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100084 Beijing, China and Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088 Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengyin Wu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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33
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Hu SX. Boosting photoabsorption by attosecond control of electron correlation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:123003. [PMID: 24093257 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.123003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electron correlation plays an essential role in a wide range of fundamentally important many-body phenomena in modern physics and chemistry. An example is the importance of electron-electron correlation in multiple ionization of multielectron atoms and molecules exposed to intense laser pulses. Manipulating the dynamic electron correlation in such photoinduced processes is a crucial step toward the coherent control of chemical reactions and photobiological processes. The generation of an attosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulse may enable such controls. Here, we show for the first time, from full-dimensional ab initio calculations of double ionization of helium in intense laser pulses (λ = 780 nm), that the electron-electron interactions can be instantaneously tuned using a time-delayed attosecond EUV pulse. Consequently, the probability of producing energetic electrons from excessive photoabsorption can be enhanced by an order of magnitude, by the attosecond control of electron-electron correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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34
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Henrichs K, Waitz M, Trinter F, Kim H, Menssen A, Gassert H, Sann H, Jahnke T, Wu J, Pitzer M, Richter M, Schöffler MS, Kunitski M, Dörner R. Observation of electron energy discretization in strong field double ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:113003. [PMID: 24074083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of discrete structures in the electron energy distribution for strong field double ionization of argon at 394 nm. The experimental conditions were chosen in order to ensure a nonsequential ejection of both electrons with an intermediate rescattering step. We have found discrete above-threshold ionization like peaks in the sum energy of both electrons, as predicted by all quantum mechanical calculations. More surprisingly, however, is the observation of two above-threshold ionization combs in the energy distribution of the individual electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Henrichs
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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35
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Tong A, Zhou Y, Huang C, Lu P. Electron dynamics of molecular double ionization by circularly polarized laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:074308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Huang C, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Lu P. Contribution of recollision ionization to the cross-shaped structure in nonsequential double ionization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:11382-11390. [PMID: 23669995 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.011382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the three-dimensional classical ensemble model, we investigate the correlated electron emission in nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of argon atoms by few-cycle laser pulses. Our calculations well reproduce the experimentally observed cross-shaped structure in the correlated two-electron momentum spectrum [ Nature Commun. 3, 813 (2012)]. By tracing these NSDI trajectories, we find that besides the process of recollision-induced excitation with subsequent ionization just before the next field maximum, the recollision ionization also significantly contributes to the cross-shaped structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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37
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Wang X, Tian J, Eberly JH. Angular correlation in strong-field double ionization under circular polarization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:073001. [PMID: 25166371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using a classical ensemble approach, electrons detached sequentially by short circularly polarized laser pulses are predicted to be correlated in their emission directions. The correlation is introduced by the laser pulses. By changing the laser intensity, the angle between the two emissions can be controlled continuously, from 0° (parallel) to 90° (perpendicular) to 180° (antiparallel). The effect on the resultant ion momentum distribution is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Rochester Theory Center and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Justin Tian
- Rochester Theory Center and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J H Eberly
- Rochester Theory Center and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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38
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Yu BH, Li YB, Tang QB. Electron correlations in nonsequential double ionization of argon atoms by elliptically polarized laser pulses. CHINESE PHYSICS B 2013; 22:013206. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/22/1/013206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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39
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Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization. Nat Commun 2012; 3:813. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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40
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Matsuda A, Fushitani M, Tseng CM, Hikosaka Y, Eland JHD, Hishikawa A. A magnetic-bottle multi-electron-ion coincidence spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:103105. [PMID: 22047278 DOI: 10.1063/1.3648133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel multi-electron-ion coincidence spectrometer developed on the basis of a 1.5 m-long magnetic-bottle electron spectrometer is presented. Electrons are guided by an inhomogeneous magnetic field to a detector at the end of the flight tube, while a set of optics is used to extract counterpart ions to the same detector, by a pulsed inhomogeneous electric field. This setup allows ion detection with high mass resolution, without impairing the high collection efficiency for electrons. The performance of the coincidence spectrometer was tested with double ionization of carbon disulfide, CS(2) → CS(2)(2+) + e(-) + e(-), in ultrashort intense laser fields (2.8 × 10(13) W/cm(2), 280 fs, 1030 nm) to clarify the electron correlation below the rescattering threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitaka Matsuda
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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41
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Huang C, Zhou Y, Tong A, Liao Q, Hong W, Lu P. The effect of molecular alignment on correlated electron dynamics in nonsequential double ionization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:5627-5634. [PMID: 21445203 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.005627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The electron-electron correlation in nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) from aligned molecules by linearly polarized 800 nm laser pulses has been investigated with the three-dimensional classical ensemble model. The result shows that for the perpendicular alignment the two electrons involved in NSDI more likely exit the molecule into the opposite hemispheres as compared to the parallel alignment, which agrees well with the experimental result [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203003 (2005)]. This alignment effect is qualitatively explained based on the suppressed potential barriers which are different for parallel molecules and perpendicular molecules. Additionally, the intensity dependence of the alignment effect is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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42
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Liu Y, Liu X, Deng Y, Wu C, Jiang H, Gong Q. Selective steering of molecular multiple dissociative channels with strong few-cycle laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:073004. [PMID: 21405513 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.073004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report that multiple dissociative channels of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules are selectively controlled using intense phase-stabilized few-cycle laser fields (4.2 fs, 740 nm, 6×10(14) W/cm(2)). The controllable emission direction of C(2+) from charge asymmetrical dissociation and ionization of CO dications is out of phase in a linear polarized laser field. The strong coupling between the channels is explained as the competition of recollision excitation and recollision ionization in a recollision process, leading to the opposite asymmetrical property. The experimental result provides insight into high degree controlling molecular multiple dissociative processes in the time scale of electronic motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Liu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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43
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Zhou Y, Huang C, Tong A, Liao Q, Lu P. Correlated electron dynamics in nonsequential double ionization by orthogonal two-color laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:2301-2308. [PMID: 21369048 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the correlated electron dynamics in nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of helium by the orthogonally polarized two-color pulses that consisted of an 800-nm and a 400-nm laser fields using the classical ensemble model. Depending on the relative phase of the two-color field, the electron momentum distributions along the polarization direction of the 800-nm field exhibit a surprisingly strong anticorrelated or correlated behavior. Back analysis reveals that recollisions eventually leading to NSDI are concentrated in a time window as short as several hundreds attoseconds with this scheme. By changing the relative phase of the two-color field, the revisit time of recolliding electron wave packet has been controlled with attosecond precision, which is responsible for the various correlated behaviors of the two electrons. Our results reveal that the orthogonally polarized two-color field can serve as a powerful tool to control the correlated electron dynamics in NSDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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44
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Kalashnikov VL, Apolonski A. Energy scalability of mode-locked oscillators: a completely analytical approach to analysis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:25757-25770. [PMID: 21164921 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.025757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A completely analytical approach to analysis of energy-scalable ultrashort-pulse oscillators operating in both normal- and anomalous-dispersion regimes is developed. The theory, based on the approximated solutions of the generalized complex nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau equation allows the problem to be reduced to a purely algebraic model, so that the oscillator characteristics are easy to trace and are completely characterized by only two parameters defining the so-called master diagram of the pulse energy scalability. The proposed theory covers all types of energy-scalable oscillators: all-normal-dispersion fiber, chirped-pulse and thin-disk solid-state ones and is validated by numerical simulations.
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45
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Eckhardt B, Prauzner-Bechcicki JS, Sacha K, Zakrzewski J. Phase effects in double ionization by strong short pulses. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Liu Y, Ye D, Liu J, Rudenko A, Tschuch S, Dürr M, Siegel M, Morgner U, Gong Q, Moshammer R, Ullrich J. Multiphoton double ionization of Ar and Ne close to threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:173002. [PMID: 20482105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In kinematically complete studies we explore double ionization (DI) of Ne and Ar in the threshold regime (I>3x10{13} W/cm{2}) for 800 nm, 45 fs pulses. The basic differences are found in the two-electron momentum distributions-"correlation" (CO) for Ne and "anticorrelation" (ACO) for Ar-that can be partially explained theoretically within a 3D classical model including tunneling. Transverse electron momentum spectra provide insight into "Coulomb focusing" and point to correlated nonclassical dynamics. Finally, DI threshold intensities, CO as well as ACO regimes are predicted for both targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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47
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Zhang Z, Peng LY, Gong Q, Morishita T. Momentum space analysis of multiphoton double ionization of helium by intense attosecond xuv pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:8976-8989. [PMID: 20588743 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.008976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the momentum and energy distributions of the two electrons in multiphoton double ionization of He by intense attosecond xuv pulses, based on a two-dimensional model. Two different patterns of the momentum distributions are identified, corresponding to the uncorrelated and correlated channels, respectively. Our analysis of the electron correlations focuses on two-photon and three-photon double ionization processes for different pulse durations and for different time delays after the pulses. For both two-photon and three-photon cases, a clear correlation valley in energy distributions is found when both electrons are ejected in opposite directions. This is mostly attributed to the electron correlations during the ionization of the first electron. We also find that when two electrons are ejected in the same direction, their Coulomb repulsion has an significant influence on the electron energy distributions during the postionization stage. Finally, in the case of three photon double ionization, we observe that the effects of the Coulomb repulsion become much more complicated, and a new catch-up collision phenomena is observed in the energy distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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48
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Zhou Y, Liao Q, Zhang Q, Hong W, Lu P. Controlling nonsequential double ionization via two-color few-cycle pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:632-638. [PMID: 20173882 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using the classical three-dimensional ensembles, we have demonstrated the controlling of dynamics in nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of helium by two-color few-cycle pulses. By changing the relative phase of the two pulses, recollisions leading to NSDI can be restricted in a time interval of several hundreds attosecond nearly before the field extremum and as a result, the correlated electron momentum distribution exhibits a so-far unobserved narrow arc-like structure. This structure reveals a novel energy correlation between the two electrons from NSDI by two-color few-cycle pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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49
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Liao Q, Lu P. Manipulating nonsequential double ionization via alignment of asymmetric molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:15550-15557. [PMID: 19724553 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.015550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using classical three-dimensional ensembles, we demonstrate that nonsequential double ionization of HeH+ molecules in an intense laser field can be manipulated by controlling the alignment of the molecular axis relative to the laser field. Both the symmetry of the correlated electron momentum spectrum in the direction parallel to the laser field and the total double ionization yield strongly depend on the angle between the molecular axis and the laser field. When the molecular axis is aligned parallel to the laser field, double ionization is most probable and the correlated electron momentum spectrum parallel to the laser field from nonsequential double ionization exhibits the most asymmetry with respect to the minor diagonal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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