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Zhang X, Li HO, Cao G, Xiao M, Guo GC, Guo GP. Semiconductor quantum computation. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:32-54. [PMID: 34691830 PMCID: PMC8291422 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductors, a significant type of material in the information era, are becoming more and more powerful in the field of quantum information. In recent decades, semiconductor quantum computation was investigated thoroughly across the world and developed with a dramatically fast speed. The research varied from initialization, control and readout of qubits, to the architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we first introduce the basic ideas for quantum computing, and then discuss the developments of single- and two-qubit gate control in semiconductors. Up to now, the qubit initialization, control and readout can be realized with relatively high fidelity and a programmable two-qubit quantum processor has even been demonstrated. However, to further improve the qubit quality and scale it up, there are still some challenges to resolve such as the improvement of the readout method, material development and scalable designs. We discuss these issues and introduce the forefronts of progress. Finally, considering the positive trend of the research on semiconductor quantum devices and recent theoretical work on the applications of quantum computation, we anticipate that semiconductor quantum computation may develop fast and will have a huge impact on our lives in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hai-Ou Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Dynamics of probing a quantum-dot spin qubit with superconducting resonator photons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15761. [PMID: 30361643 PMCID: PMC6202405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hybrid system of electron spins and resonator photons is an attractive architecture for quantum computing owing to the long coherence times of spins and the promise of long-distance coupling between arbitrary pairs of qubits via photons. For the device to serve as a building block for a quantum processer, it is also necessary to readout the spin qubit state. Here we analyze in detail the measurement process of an electron spin singlet-triplet qubit in quantum dots using a coupled superconducting resonator. We show that the states of the spin singlet-triplet qubit lead to readily observable features in the spectrum of a microwave field through the resonator. These features provide useful information on the hybrid system. Moreover, we discuss the working points which can be implemented with high performance in the current state-of-the-art devices. These results can be used to construct the high fidelity measurement toolbox in the spin-circuit QED system.
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Deng GW, Wei D, Li SX, Johansson JR, Kong WC, Li HO, Cao G, Xiao M, Guo GC, Nori F, Jiang HW, Guo GP. Coupling Two Distant Double Quantum Dots with a Microwave Resonator. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6620-6625. [PMID: 26327140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated a hybrid device with two distant graphene double quantum dots (DQDs) and a microwave resonator. A nonlinear response is observed in the resonator reflection amplitude when the two DQDs are jointly tuned to the vicinity of the degeneracy points. This observation can be well fitted by the Tavis-Cummings (T-C) model which describes two two-level systems coupling with one photonic field. Furthermore, the correlation between the DC currents in the two DQDs is studied. A nonzero cross-current correlation is observed which has been theoretically predicted to be an important sign of nonlocal coupling between two distant systems. Our results explore T-C physics in electronic transport and also contribute to the study of nonlocal transport and future implementations of remote electronic entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Da Wei
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shu-Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | | | - Wei-Cheng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hai-Ou Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, United States
| | - Hong-Wen Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Jiao RZ, Jin GS. Universal quantum controlled phase gate on photonic qubits based on nitrogen vacancy centers and microcavity resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:19252-19260. [PMID: 23938842 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.019252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigate a physical implementation of the universal quantum controlled phase (CPHASE) gate operation on photonic qubits by using nitrogen vacancy (N-V) centers and microcavity resonators. The quantum CPHASE gate can be achieved by sending the photons through the microcavity and interacting with the N-V center. The proposed scheme can be further used for scalable quantum computation. We show that this technique provides us a deterministic source of cluster state generation on photonic qubits. In this scheme, only single photons and single N-V center are required and the proposed schemes are feasible with the current experimental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
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Wei HR, Deng FG. Scalable photonic quantum computing assisted by quantum-dot spin in double-sided optical microcavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17671-17685. [PMID: 23938640 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the possibility of achieving scalable photonic quantum computing by the giant optical circular birefringence induced by a quantum-dot spin in a double-sided optical microcavity as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We construct a deterministic controlled-not gate on two photonic qubits by two single-photon input-output processes and the readout on an electron-medium spin confined in an optical resonant microcavity. This idea could be applied to multi-qubit gates on photonic qubits and we give the quantum circuit for a three-photon Toffoli gate. High fidelities and high efficiencies could be achieved when the side leakage to the cavity loss rate is low. It is worth pointing out that our devices work in both the strong and the weak coupling regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rui Wei
- Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Toida H, Nakajima T, Komiyama S. Vacuum Rabi splitting in a semiconductor circuit QED system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:066802. [PMID: 23432287 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.066802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum Rabi splitting is demonstrated in a GaAs double quantum dot system coupled with a coplanar waveguide resonator. The coupling strength g, the decoherence rate of the quantum dot γ, and the decay rate of the resonator κ are derived, assuring distinct vacuum Rabi oscillation in a strong coupling regime [(g,γ,κ)≈(30,25,8.0) MHz]. The magnitude of decoherence is consistently interpreted in terms of the coupling of electrons to piezoelectric acoustic phonons in GaAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Toida
- Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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