1
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Li SJ, Holland CM, Lu Y, Cheuk LW. Blue-Detuned Magneto-optical Trap of CaF Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:233402. [PMID: 38905654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.233402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A key method to produce trapped and laser-cooled molecules is the magneto-optical trap (MOT), which is conventionally created using light red detuned from an optical transition. In this work, we report a MOT for CaF molecules created using blue-detuned light. The blue-detuned MOT (BDM) achieves temperatures well below the Doppler limit and provides the highest densities and phase-space densities reported to date in CaF MOTs. Our results suggest that BDMs are likely achievable in many relatively light molecules including polyatomic ones, but our measurements suggest that BDMs will be challenging to realize in substantially heavier molecules due to sub-mK trap depths. In addition to record temperatures and densities, we find that the BDM substantially simplifies and enhances the loading of molecules into optical tweezer arrays, which are a promising platform for quantum simulation and quantum information processing. Notably, the BDM reduces molecular number requirements ninefold compared to a conventional red-detuned MOT, while not requiring additional hardware. Our work therefore substantially simplifies preparing large-scale molecular tweezer arrays, which are a novel platform for simulation of quantum many-body dynamics and quantum information processing with molecular qubits.
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2
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Zhang C, Zheng X, Liu J, Asthana A, Cheng L. Analytic gradients for relativistic exact-two-component equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles method. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244113. [PMID: 38153147 DOI: 10.1063/5.0175041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A first implementation of analytic gradients for spinor-based relativistic equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles method using an exact two-component Hamiltonian augmented with atomic mean-field spin-orbit integrals is reported. To demonstrate its applicability, we present calculations of equilibrium structures and harmonic vibrational frequencies for the electronic ground and excited states of the radium mono-amide molecule (RaNH2) and the radium mono-methoxide molecule (RaOCH3). Spin-orbit coupling is shown to quench Jahn-Teller effects in the first excited state of RaOCH3, resulting in a C3v equilibrium structure. The calculations also show that the radium atoms in these molecules serve as efficient optical cycling centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Xuechen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Junzi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Ayush Asthana
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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3
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Zhang C, Hutzler NR, Cheng L. Intensity-Borrowing Mechanisms Pertinent to Laser Cooling of Linear Polyatomic Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37384588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A study of the intensity-borrowing mechanisms important to optical cycling transitions in laser-coolable polyatomic molecules arising from non-adiabatic coupling, contributions beyond the Franck-Condon approximation, and Fermi resonances is reported. It has been shown to be necessary to include non-adiabatic coupling to obtain computational accuracy that is sufficient to be useful for laser cooling of molecules. The predicted vibronic branching ratios using perturbation theory based on the non-adiabatic mechanisms have been demonstrated to agree well with those obtained from variational discrete variable representation calculations for representative molecules including CaOH, SrOH, and YbOH. The electron-correlation and basis-set effects on the calculated transition properties, including the vibronic coupling constants, the spin-orbit coupling matrix elements, and the transition dipole moments, and on the calculated branching ratios have been thoroughly studied. The vibronic branching ratios predicted using the present methodologies demonstrate that RaOH is a promising radioactive molecule candidate for laser cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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4
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Burau JJ, Aggarwal P, Mehling K, Ye J. Blue-Detuned Magneto-optical Trap of Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:193401. [PMID: 37243657 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.193401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Direct laser cooling of molecules has reached a phase-space density exceeding 10^{-6} in optical traps but with rather small molecular numbers. To progress toward quantum degeneracy, a mechanism that combines sub-Doppler cooling and magneto-optical trapping would facilitate near unity transfer of ultracold molecules from the magneto-optical trap (MOT) to a conservative optical trap. Using the unique energy level structure of YO molecules, we demonstrate the first blue-detuned MOT for molecules that is optimized for both gray-molasses sub-Doppler cooling and relatively strong trapping forces. This first sub-Doppler molecular MOT provides an increase of phase-space density by 2 orders of magnitude over any previously reported molecular MOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Burau
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Parul Aggarwal
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Kameron Mehling
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
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5
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Lao G, Zhu GZ, Dickerson CE, Augenbraun BL, Alexandrova AN, Caram JR, Hudson ER, Campbell WC. Laser Spectroscopy of Aromatic Molecules with Optical Cycling Centers: Strontium(I) Phenoxides. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11029-11035. [PMID: 36413655 PMCID: PMC9720742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the production and spectroscopic characterization of strontium(I) phenoxide (SrOC6H5 or SrOPh) and variants featuring electron-withdrawing groups designed to suppress vibrational excitation during spontaneous emission from the electronically excited state. Optical cycling closure of these species, which is the decoupling of the vibrational state changes from spontaneous optical decay, is found by dispersed laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy to be high, in accordance with theoretical predictions. A high-resolution, rotationally resolved laser excitation spectrum is recorded for SrOPh, allowing the estimation of spectroscopic constants and identification of candidate optical cycling transitions for future work. The results confirm the promise of strontium phenoxides for laser cooling and quantum state detection at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Lao
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Guo-Zhu Zhu
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Claire E. Dickerson
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Benjamin L. Augenbraun
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
- Harvard-MIT
Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California90095, United States
- Center
for Quantum Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Justin R. Caram
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California90095, United States
- Center
for Quantum Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Eric R. Hudson
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
- Center
for Quantum Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
- Challenge
Institute for Quantum Computation, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Wesley C. Campbell
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
- Center
for Quantum Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
- Challenge
Institute for Quantum Computation, University
of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
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6
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Xiao H, Zhang R, Ma H, Gao T. Spectroscopy and rovibrational cooling of AuF and its cation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 277:121279. [PMID: 35512446 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of laser cooling of AuF molecule and its cation are investigated from vibrational and rotational perspectives. The spectroscopy of AuF molecule and AuF+ molecular cation are obtained by the method of multireference configuration interaction plus Davidson correction (MRCI + Q) and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect. On account of the accurate molecular spectroscopy and the transition dipole moment, the Franck-Condon factors and radiative lifetimes of AuF molecule and AuF+ molecular cation are calculated. Comparing the criterias of laser cooling candidate molecules, the AuF is an excellent candidate for laser cooling and while AuF+ is not sutable. The b3Π0+ ↔ Χ1Σ+0+ transition of AuF is selected for laser cooling and an optical cycling scheme is proposed. The scheme possesses highly diagonally Franck-Condon factors and the scattered photons achieve ∼ 104. Furthermore, the rotational transition analysis is also included in our work and found that its Franck Condon factors and Einstein coefficients are undistorted. Our work could provide theoretical support and accelerate the laser cooling of AuF molecules in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Xiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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7
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Zheng X, Zhang C, Liu J, Cheng L. Geometry Optimizations with Spinor-Based Relativistic Coupled-Cluster Theory. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:151101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0086281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of analytic gradients for relativistic coupled-cluster singles and doubles augmented with a non-iterative triples [CCSD(T)] method using an all-electron exact two-component Hamiltonian with atomic mean-field spin-orbit integrals (X2CAMF) is reported. This enables efficient CC geometry optimizations with spin-orbit coupling included in orbitals. The applicability of the implementation is demonstrated using benchmark X2CAMF-CCSD(T) calculations of equilibrium structures and harmonic vibrational frequencies for methyl halides, CH3X, X=Br, I, At, as well as calculations of rotational constants and infrared spectrum for RaSH+, a radioactive molecular ion of interest to spectroscopic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Zheng
- Johns Hopkins University Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Johns Hopkins University Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Junzi Liu
- Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Lan Cheng
- Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University Department of Chemistry, United States of America
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8
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Piest B, Vollenkemper V, Böhm J, Herbst A, Rasel EM. Red- and blue-detuned magneto-optical trapping with liquid crystal variable retarders. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:023202. [PMID: 35232144 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We exploit red- and blue-detuned magneto-optical trapping (MOT) of 87Rb benefitting from a simplified setup and a novel approach based on liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVR). To maintain the trapping forces when switching from a red- to a blue-detuned MOT, the handedness of the circular polarization of the cooling beams needs to be reversed. LCVRs allow fast polarization control and represent compact, simple, and cost-efficient components, which can easily be implemented in existing laser systems. This way, we achieve a blue-detuned type-II MOT for 8.7 × 108 atoms of 87Rb with sub-Doppler temperatures of 44 μK well below the temperatures reached in a conventional 87Rb type-I MOT. The phase space density is increased by more than two orders of magnitude compared to the standard red-detuned type-I MOT. The setup can readily be transferred to any other systems working with 87Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Piest
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Vollenkemper
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Böhm
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Herbst
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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9
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Augenbraun BL, Frenett A, Sawaoka H, Hallas C, Vilas NB, Nasir A, Lasner ZD, Doyle JM. Zeeman-Sisyphus Deceleration of Molecular Beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:263002. [PMID: 35029484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.263002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a robust, continuous molecular decelerator that employs high magnetic fields and few optical pumping steps. CaOH molecules are slowed, accumulating at low velocities in a range sufficient for loading both magnetic and magneto-optical traps. During the slowing, the molecules scatter only seven photons, removing around 8 K of energy. Because large energies can be removed with only a few spontaneous radiative decays, this method can in principle be applied to nearly any paramagnetic atomic or molecular species, opening a general path to trapping of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Augenbraun
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Frenett
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Sawaoka
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Christian Hallas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Vilas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Abdullah Nasir
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Zack D Lasner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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10
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Lewis TN, Wang C, Daniel JR, Dhital M, Bardeen CJ, Hemmerling B. Optimizing pulsed-laser ablation production of AlCl molecules for laser cooling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22785-22793. [PMID: 34610064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum monochloride (AlCl) has been proposed as a promising candidate for laser cooling to ultracold temperatures, and recent spectroscopy results support this prediction. It is challenging to produce large numbers of AlCl molecules because it is a highly reactive open-shell molecule and must be generated in situ. Here we show that pulsed-laser ablation of stable, non-toxic mixtures of Al with alkali or alkaline earth chlorides, denoted XCln, can provide a robust and reliable source of cold AlCl molecules. Both the chemical identity of XCln and the Al : XCln molar ratio are varied, and the yield of AlCl is monitored using absorption spectroscopy in a cryogenic gas. For KCl, the production of Al and K atoms was also monitored. We model the AlCl production in the limits of nonequilibrium recombination dominated by first-encounter events. The non-equilibrium model is in agreement with the data and also reproduces the observed trend with different XCln precursors. We find that AlCl production is limited by the solid-state densities of Al and Cl atoms and the recondensation of Al atoms in the ablation plume. We suggest future directions for optimizing the production of cold AlCl molecules using laser ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - John R Daniel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Madhav Dhital
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | | | - Boerge Hemmerling
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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11
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Zhang C, Augenbraun BL, Lasner ZD, Vilas NB, Doyle JM, Cheng L. Accurate prediction and measurement of vibronic branching ratios for laser cooling linear polyatomic molecules. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:091101. [PMID: 34496585 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a generally applicable computational and experimental approach to determine vibronic branching ratios in linear polyatomic molecules to the 10-5 level, including for nominally symmetry-forbidden transitions. These methods are demonstrated in CaOH and YbOH, showing approximately two orders of magnitude improved sensitivity compared with the previous state of the art. Knowledge of branching ratios at this level is needed for the successful deep laser cooling of a broad range of molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | | | - Zack D Lasner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Vilas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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12
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Guan Q, Highman M, Meier EJ, Williams GR, Scarola V, DeMarco B, Kotochigova S, Gadway B. Nondestructive dispersive imaging of rotationally excited ultracold molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20531-20544. [PMID: 32966419 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03419c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A barrier to realizing the potential of molecules for quantum information science applications is a lack of high-fidelity, single-molecule imaging techniques. Here, we present and theoretically analyze a general scheme for dispersive imaging of electronic ground-state molecules. Our technique relies on the intrinsic anisotropy of excited molecular rotational states to generate optical birefringence, which can be detected through polarization rotation of an off-resonant probe laser beam. Using 23Na87Rb and 87Rb133Cs as examples, we construct a formalism for choosing the molecular state to be imaged and the excited electronic states involved in off-resonant coupling. Our proposal establishes the relevant parameters for achieving degree-level polarization rotations for bulk molecular gases, thus enabling high-fidelity nondestructive imaging. We additionally outline requirements for the high-fidelity imaging of individually trapped molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingze Guan
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Michael Highman
- Department of Physics and IQUIST, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA.
| | - Eric J Meier
- Department of Physics and IQUIST, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA.
| | - Garrett R Williams
- Department of Physics and IQUIST, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA.
| | - Vito Scarola
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Brian DeMarco
- Department of Physics and IQUIST, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA.
| | | | - Bryce Gadway
- Department of Physics and IQUIST, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Hudson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, University of Califormia, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Fernandes GFS, Pontes MAP, Faria UJ, Machado FBC, Ferrão LFA. Multireference study of ionic/covalent electronic states of MF (M = Be, Mg and Ca). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 233:118210. [PMID: 32163875 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold environments composed by atoms or molecules offer an opportunity to study chemical reactions at the quantum-state level, for simulation of solid-state systems, as qubits in quantum computing, and for test fundamental symmetries. Those ultracold conditions formed by molecules can be obtained from cryogenic buffer gas, via supersonic expansion, followed by deceleration or from the laser cooling process. Diatomic alkaline earth monofluoride molecules have been shown as great candidates for the laser cooling process. In this sense, the present work focuses on the characterization of the low-lying doublet electronic states correlated to the first dissociation channel of the alkaline earth monofluorides diatomic molecules MF (M = Be, Mg and Ca). The developed state-of-the-art methodology was based on a qualitative analysis of the diatomic electronic structure, employing a hypothetical potential energy curve or by a simple molecular orbital diagram combined with bond order analysis. The potential energy curves, excitation and dissociation energies, and various sets of spectroscopic parameters were calculated by the MRCI/cc-pV5Z methodology. Transition probabilities for emission and radiative lifetimes among the characterized electronic states were also calculated for the (A)2Π ⟶ (X)2Σ+ electronic transition. Comparing the spectroscopy properties, we were able to indicate the CaF molecule as the best candidate molecule for laser cooling devices among the studied molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo A P Pontes
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, SP 12228-900, Brazil
| | - Ulisses J Faria
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, SP 12228-900, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz F A Ferrão
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, SP 12228-900, Brazil.
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15
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Baum L, Vilas NB, Hallas C, Augenbraun BL, Raval S, Mitra D, Doyle JM. 1D Magneto-Optical Trap of Polyatomic Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:133201. [PMID: 32302203 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a 1D magneto-optical trap of the polar free radical calcium monohydroxide (CaOH). A quasiclosed cycling transition is established to scatter ∼10^{3} photons per molecule, predominantly limited by interaction time. This enables radiative laser cooling of CaOH while compressing the molecular beam, leading to a significant increase in on axis beam brightness and reduction in temperature from 8.4 to 1.4 mK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Baum
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Vilas
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Christian Hallas
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Benjamin L Augenbraun
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Shivam Raval
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Debayan Mitra
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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16
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Zhou Y, Shagam Y, Cairncross WB, Ng KB, Roussy TS, Grogan T, Boyce K, Vigil A, Pettine M, Zelevinsky T, Ye J, Cornell EA. Second-Scale Coherence Measured at the Quantum Projection Noise Limit with Hundreds of Molecular Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:053201. [PMID: 32083904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cold molecules provide an excellent platform for quantum information, cold chemistry, and precision measurement. Certain molecules have enhanced sensitivity to beyond standard model physics, such as the electron's electric dipole moment (eEDM). Molecular ions are easily trappable and are therefore particularly attractive for precision measurements where sensitivity scales with interrogation time. Here, we demonstrate a spin precession measurement with second-scale coherence at the quantum projection noise (QPN) limit with hundreds of trapped molecular ions, chosen for their sensitivity to the eEDM rather than their amenability to state control and readout. Orientation-resolved resonant photodissociation allows us to simultaneously measure two quantum states with opposite eEDM sensitivity, reaching the QPN limit and fully exploiting the high count rate and long coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Yuval Shagam
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - William B Cairncross
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Kia Boon Ng
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tanya S Roussy
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tanner Grogan
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Kevin Boyce
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Antonio Vigil
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Madeline Pettine
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tanya Zelevinsky
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-5255, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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17
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Ding S, Wu Y, Finneran IA, Burau JJ, Ye J. Sub-Doppler Cooling and Compressed Trapping of YO Molecules at μK Temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. X 2020; 10:10.1103/physrevx.10.021049. [PMID: 33643688 PMCID: PMC7909871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.10.021049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Complex molecular structure demands customized solutions to laser cooling by extending its general set of principles and practices. Compared with other laser-cooled molecules, yttrium monoxide (YO) exhibits a large electron-nucleus interaction, resulting in a dominant hyperfine interaction over the electron spin-rotation coupling. The YO ground state is thus comprised of two manifolds of closely spaced states, with one of them possessing a negligible Landé g factor. This unique energy level structure favors dual-frequency dc magneto-optical trapping (MOT) and gray molasses cooling (GMC). We report exceptionally robust cooling of YO at 4 μK over a wide range of laser intensity, detunings (one- and two-photon), and magnetic field. The magnetic insensitivity enables the spatial compression of the molecular cloud by alternating GMC and MOT under the continuous operation of the quadrupole magnetic field. A combination of these techniques produces a laser-cooled molecular sample with the highest phase space density in free space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Ding
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Yewei Wu
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Ian A. Finneran
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Justin J. Burau
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
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18
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Ivanov MV, Jagau TC, Zhu GZ, Hudson ER, Krylov AI. In search of molecular ions for optical cycling: a difficult road. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17075-17090. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical cycling, a continuous photon scattering off atoms or molecules, is the key tool in quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Thomas-C. Jagau
- Department of Chemistry
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Guo-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of California Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Eric R. Hudson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of California Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
- UCLA Center for Quantum Science and Engineering
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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19
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Paul AC, Sharma K, Reza MA, Telfah H, Miller TA, Liu J. Laser-induced fluorescence and dispersed-fluorescence spectroscopy of the Ã2E−X̃2A1 transition of jet-cooled calcium methoxide (CaOCH3) radicals. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:134303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5104278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anam C. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Ketan Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Md Asmaul Reza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Hamzeh Telfah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Terry A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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20
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Hao Y, Pašteka LF, Visscher L, Aggarwal P, Bethlem HL, Boeschoten A, Borschevsky A, Denis M, Esajas K, Hoekstra S, Jungmann K, Marshall VR, Meijknecht TB, Mooij MC, Timmermans RGE, Touwen A, Ubachs W, Willmann L, Yin Y, Zapara A. High accuracy theoretical investigations of CaF, SrF, and BaF and implications for laser-cooling. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5098540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Hao
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukáš F. Pašteka
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Parul Aggarwal
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrick L. Bethlem
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Boeschoten
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Malika Denis
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Esajas
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Hoekstra
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Jungmann
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virginia R. Marshall
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas B. Meijknecht
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten C. Mooij
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G. E. Timmermans
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anno Touwen
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenz Willmann
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yanning Yin
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Artem Zapara
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Yuan X, Guo HJ, Wang YM, Xue JL, Xu HF, Yan B. Laser-cooling with an intermediate electronic state: Theoretical prediction on bismuth hydride. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:224305. [PMID: 31202252 DOI: 10.1063/1.5094367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of laser cooling of bismuth hydride (BiH) molecules has been investigated based on high-level ab initio calculations by considering the core-valence and the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects. The potential energy curves of the 12 Λ-S states as well as the 25 Ω states that split from them via SOC are obtained by multireference configuration interaction plus the Davidson correction. The properties of b-X transition are investigated. Based on our calculations, we show that the transition between Ω states b0+-X10+ of BiH is a possible candidate for laser cooling, with consideration of the intermediate Ω state X21. An optical cycling scheme is proposed by utilizing four lasers at wavelengths around 471 and 601 nm with 5400 cycles for photon absorption/emission and a sub-microkelvin temperature. Our study should shed some light on searching for possible molecular candidates for laser cooling with the existence of an intermediate electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hui-Jie Guo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu-Min Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jian-Lei Xue
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hai-Feng Xu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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22
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Collopy AL, Ding S, Wu Y, Finneran IA, Anderegg L, Augenbraun BL, Doyle JM, Ye J. 3D Magneto-Optical Trap of Yttrium Monoxide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:213201. [PMID: 30517816 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.213201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report three-dimensional trapping of an oxide molecule (YO), using a radio-frequency magneto-optical trap (MOT). The total number of molecules trapped is ∼1.5×10^{4}, with a temperature of 4.1(5) mK. This diversifies the frontier of molecules that are laser coolable and paves the way for the second-stage narrow-line cooling in this molecule to the microkelvin regime. Futhermore, the new challenges of creating a 3D MOT of YO resolved here indicate that MOTs of more complex nonlinear molecules should be feasible as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra L Collopy
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Shiqian Ding
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Yewei Wu
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Ian A Finneran
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Loïc Anderegg
- Department of Physics and Center for Ultracold Atoms, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Benjamin L Augenbraun
- Department of Physics and Center for Ultracold Atoms, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Department of Physics and Center for Ultracold Atoms, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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23
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McCarron DJ, Steinecker MH, Zhu Y, DeMille D. Magnetic Trapping of an Ultracold Gas of Polar Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:013202. [PMID: 30028161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the efficient transfer of molecules from a magneto-optical trap into a conservative magnetic quadrupole trap. Our scheme begins with a blue-detuned optical molasses to cool SrF molecules to ≈50 μK. Next, we optically pump the molecules into a strongly trapped sublevel. This two-step process reliably transfers ≈40% of the molecules initially trapped in the magneto-optical trap into a single quantum state in the magnetic trap. Once loaded, the molecule cloud is compressed by increasing the magnetic field gradient. We observe a magnetic trap lifetime of over 1 s. This opens a promising new path to study ultracold molecular collisions, and potentially to produce quantum-degenerate molecular gases via sympathetic cooling with co-trapped atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J McCarron
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M H Steinecker
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - D DeMille
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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24
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Kozyryev I, Hutzler NR. Precision Measurement of Time-Reversal Symmetry Violation with Laser-Cooled Polyatomic Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:133002. [PMID: 29341669 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.133002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Precision searches for time-reversal symmetry violating interactions in polar molecules are extremely sensitive probes of high energy physics beyond the standard model. To extend the reach of these probes into the PeV regime, long coherence times and large count rates are necessary. Recent advances in laser cooling of polar molecules offer one important tool-optical trapping. However, the types of molecules that have been laser cooled so far do not have the highly desirable combination of features for new physics searches, such as the ability to fully polarize and the existence of internal comagnetometer states. We show that by utilizing the internal degrees of freedom present only in molecules with at least three atoms, these features can be attained simultaneously with molecules that have simple structure and are amenable to laser cooling and trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kozyryev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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25
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Anderegg L, Augenbraun BL, Chae E, Hemmerling B, Hutzler NR, Ravi A, Collopy A, Ye J, Ketterle W, Doyle JM. Radio Frequency Magneto-Optical Trapping of CaF with High Density. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:103201. [PMID: 28949175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate significantly improved magneto-optical trapping of molecules using a very slow cryogenic beam source and either rf modulated or dc magnetic fields. The rf magneto-optical trap (MOT) confines 1.0(3)×10^{5} CaF molecules at a density of 7(3)×10^{6} cm^{-3}, which is an order of magnitude greater than previous molecular MOTs. Near Doppler-limited temperatures of 340(20) μK are attained. The achieved density enables future work to directly load optical tweezers and create optical arrays for quantum simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Anderegg
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Benjamin L Augenbraun
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Eunmi Chae
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Boerge Hemmerling
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Aakash Ravi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alejandra Collopy
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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26
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Bohn JL, Rey AM, Ye J. Cold molecules: Progress in quantum engineering of chemistry and quantum matter. Science 2017; 357:1002-1010. [PMID: 28883071 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cooling atoms to ultralow temperatures has produced a wealth of opportunities in fundamental physics, precision metrology, and quantum science. The more recent application of sophisticated cooling techniques to molecules, which has been more challenging to implement owing to the complexity of molecular structures, has now opened the door to the longstanding goal of precisely controlling molecular internal and external degrees of freedom and the resulting interaction processes. This line of research can leverage fundamental insights into how molecules interact and evolve to enable the control of reaction chemistry and the design and realization of a range of advanced quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bohn
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.
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27
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Kozyryev I, Baum L, Matsuda K, Augenbraun BL, Anderegg L, Sedlack AP, Doyle JM. Sisyphus Laser Cooling of a Polyatomic Molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:173201. [PMID: 28498706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We perform magnetically assisted Sisyphus laser cooling of the triatomic free radical strontium monohydroxide (SrOH). This is achieved with principal optical cycling in the rotationally closed P(N^{''}=1) branch of either the X[over ˜]^{2}Σ^{+}(000)↔A[over ˜]^{2}Π_{1/2}(000) or the X[over ˜]^{2}Σ^{+}(000)↔B[over ˜]^{2}Σ^{+}(000) vibronic transitions. Molecules lost into the excited vibrational states during the cooling process are repumped back through the B[over ˜](000) state for both the (100) level of the Sr-O stretching mode and the (02^{0}0) level of the bending mode. The transverse temperature of a SrOH molecular beam is reduced in one dimension by 2 orders of magnitude to ∼750 μK. This approach opens a path towards creating a variety of ultracold polyatomic molecules by means of direct laser cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kozyryev
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Louis Baum
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Kyle Matsuda
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Benjamin L Augenbraun
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Loic Anderegg
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander P Sedlack
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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28
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Kozyryev I, Baum L, Matsuda K, Doyle JM. Proposal for Laser Cooling of Complex Polyatomic Molecules. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3641-3648. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kozyryev
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Louis Baum
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Kyle Matsuda
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - John M. Doyle
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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Schewe HC, Zhang D, Meijer G, Field RW, Sartakov BG, Groenenboom GC, van der Avoird A, Vanhaecke N. Stark Interference of Electric and Magnetic Dipole Transitions in the A-X Band of OH. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:153001. [PMID: 27127965 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An experimental method is demonstrated that allows determination of the ratio between the electric (E1) and magnetic (M1) transition dipole moments in the A-X band of OH, including their relative sign. Although the transition strengths differ by more than 3 orders of magnitude, the measured M1-to-E1 ratio agrees with the ratio of the ab initio calculated values to within 3%. The relative sign is found to be negative, also in agreement with theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Christian Schewe
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert W Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Boris G Sartakov
- General Physics Institute, RAS, Vavilov Street 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gerrit C Groenenboom
- Theoretical Chemistry, IMM, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad van der Avoird
- Theoretical Chemistry, IMM, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vanhaecke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany and Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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30
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Dai DP, Xia Y, Yin YN, Yang XX, Fang YF, Li XJ, Yin JP. A linewidth-narrowed and frequency-stabilized dye laser for application in laser cooling of molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:28645-28652. [PMID: 25402105 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.028645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a robust and versatile solution for locking the continuous-wave dye laser for applications in laser cooling of molecules which need linewidth-narrowed and frequency-stabilized lasers. The dye laser is first stabilized with respect to a reference cavity by Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique which results in a single frequency with the linewidth 200 kHz and short-term stabilization, by stabilizing the length of the reference cavity to a stabilized helium-neon laser we simultaneously transfer the ± 2 MHz absolute frequency stability of the helium-neon laser to the dye laser with long-term stabilization. This allows the dye laser to be frequency chirped with the maximum 60 GHz scan range while its frequency remains locked. It also offers the advantages of locking at arbitrary dye laser frequencies, having a larger locking capture range and frequency scanning range to be implemented via software. This laser has been developed for the purpose of laser cooling a molecular magnesium fluoride beam.
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Barry JF, McCarron DJ, Norrgard EB, Steinecker MH, DeMille D. Magneto-optical trapping of a diatomic molecule. Nature 2014; 512:286-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Raizen MG, Budker D, Rochester SM, Narevicius J, Narevicius E. Magneto-optical cooling of atoms. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:4502-4505. [PMID: 25078213 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.004502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose an alternative method to laser cooling. Our approach utilizes the extreme brightness of a supersonic atomic beam, and the adiabatic atomic coilgun to slow atoms in the beam or to bring them to rest. We show how internal-state optical pumping and stimulated optical transitions, combined with magnetic forces, can be used to cool the translational motion of atoms. This approach does not rely on momentum transfer from photons to atoms, as in laser cooling. We predict that our method can surpass laser cooling in terms of flux of ultracold atoms and phase-space density, with lower required laser power.
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Abstract
Over the past decade, and particularly the past five years, a quiet revolution has been building at the border between atomic physics and experimental quantum chemistry. The rapid development of techniques for producing cold and even ultracold molecules without a perturbing rare-gas cluster shell is now enabling the study of chemical reactions and scattering at the quantum scattering limit with only a few partial waves contributing to the incident channel. Moreover, the ability to perform these experiments with nonthermal distributions comprising one or a few specific states enables the observation and even full control of state-to-state collision rates in this computation-friendly regime: This is perhaps the most elementary study possible of scattering and reaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Stuhl
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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35
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Farhat A, Marques M, Abdul-Al S. Ab initio calculations of the ground and excited states of the YN molecule including spin–orbit effects. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lemeshko
- a ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
| | - Roman V. Krems
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
- d Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , BC V6T 1Z1, Vancouver , Canada
| | - John M. Doyle
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
| | - Sabre Kais
- e Departments of Chemistry and Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , 47907 , USA
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Lemeshko M, Weimer H. Dissipative binding of atoms by non-conservative forces. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2230. [PMID: 23896951 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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38
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Guo S, Bajdich M, Mitas L, Reynolds PJ. Study of dipole moments of LiSr and KRb molecules by quantum Monte Carlo methods. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.788741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Guo
- a Department of Physics , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NA , 27695
| | - Michal Bajdich
- b Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , CA , 94720
| | - Lubos Mitas
- a Department of Physics , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NA , 27695
| | - Peter J. Reynolds
- a Department of Physics , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NA , 27695
- c Physics Division and Physical Sciences Directorate, Army Research Office , Research Triangle Park, NC , 27703
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DeMille D, Barry JF, Edwards ER, Norrgard EB, Steinecker MH. On the transverse confinement of radiatively slowed molecular beams. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.793833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. DeMille
- a Physics Department , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - J. F. Barry
- a Physics Department , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - E. R. Edwards
- a Physics Department , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - E. B. Norrgard
- a Physics Department , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
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Hummon MT, Yeo M, Stuhl BK, Collopy AL, Xia Y, Ye J. 2D Magneto-optical trapping of diatomic molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:143001. [PMID: 25166984 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate one- and two-dimensional transverse laser cooling and magneto-optical trapping of the polar molecule yttrium (II) oxide (YO). In a 1D magneto-optical trap (MOT), we characterize the magneto-optical trapping force and decrease the transverse temperature by an order of magnitude, from 25 to 2 mK, limited by interaction time. In a 2D MOT, we enhance the intensity of the YO beam and reduce the transverse temperature in both transverse directions. The approach demonstrated here can be applied to many molecular species and can also be extended to 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Hummon
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Mark Yeo
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Benjamin K Stuhl
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Alejandra L Collopy
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Yong Xia
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
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41
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Manai I, Horchani R, Lignier H, Pillet P, Comparat D, Fioretti A, Allegrini M. Rovibrational cooling of molecules by optical pumping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:183001. [PMID: 23215275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate rotational and vibrational cooling of cesium dimers by optical pumping techniques. We use two laser sources exciting all the populated rovibrational states, except a target state that thus behaves like a dark state where molecules pile up thanks to absorption-spontaneous emission cycles. We are able to accumulate photoassociated cold Cs(2) molecules in their absolute ground state (v = 0, J = 0) with up to 40% efficiency. Given its simplicity, the method could be extended to other molecules and molecular beams. It also opens up general perspectives in laser cooling the external degrees of freedom of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Manai
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, 11, 91405 Orsay, France
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Hutzler NR, Lu HI, Doyle JM. The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4803-27. [PMID: 22571401 DOI: 10.1021/cr200362u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Hutzler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Hsin-I Lu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - John M. Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
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43
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van de Meerakker SYT, Bethlem HL, Vanhaecke N, Meijer G. Manipulation and Control of Molecular Beams. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4828-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200349r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hendrick L. Bethlem
- Institute for Lasers, Life and
Biophotonics, VU University Amsterdam,
De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vanhaecke
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Bâtiment 505, Université Paris-Sud,
91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
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44
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Barry JF, Shuman ES, Norrgard EB, DeMille D. Laser radiation pressure slowing of a molecular beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:103002. [PMID: 22463406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate deceleration of a beam of neutral strontium monofluoride molecules using radiative forces. Under certain conditions, the deceleration results in a substantial flux of detected molecules with velocities ≲50 m/s. Simulations and other data indicate that the detection of molecules below this velocity is greatly diminished by transverse divergence from the beam. The observed slowing, from ∼140 m/s, corresponds to scattering ≳10(4) photons. We also observe longitudinal velocity compression under different conditions. Combined with molecular laser cooling techniques, this lays the groundwork to create slow and cold molecular beams suitable for trap loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Barry
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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45
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Marian A, Friedrich B. Light Gives Molecules the Chills. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:259-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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47
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Shuman ES, Barry JF, Glenn DR, DeMille D. Radiative force from optical cycling on a diatomic molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:223001. [PMID: 20366090 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.223001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a scheme for optical cycling in the polar, diatomic molecule strontium monofluoride (SrF) using the X2Sigma+ --> A2Pi(1/2) electronic transition. SrF's highly diagonal Franck-Condon factors suppress vibrational branching. We eliminate rotational branching by employing a quasicycling N = 1 --> N' = 0 type transition in conjunction with magnetic field remixing of dark Zeeman sublevels. We observe cycling fluorescence and deflection through radiative force of an SrF molecular beam using this scheme. With straightforward improvements our scheme promises to allow more than 10(5) photon scatters, possibly enabling the direct laser cooling of SrF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Shuman
- Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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48
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Doret SC, Connolly CB, Ketterle W, Doyle JM. Buffer-gas cooled Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:103005. [PMID: 19792304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate using buffer-gas cooling, the first realization of Bose-Einstein condensation using a broadly general method which relies neither on laser cooling nor unique atom-surface properties. Metastable helium ((4)He*) is buffer-gas cooled, magnetically trapped, and evaporatively cooled to quantum degeneracy. 10(11) atoms are initially trapped, leading to Bose-Einstein condensation at a critical temperature of 5 microK and threshold atom number of 1.1 x 10(6). This method is applicable to a wide array of paramagnetic atoms and molecules, many of which are impractical to laser cool and impossible to surface cool.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Charles Doret
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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50
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Tarbutt MR, Hudson JJ, Sauer BE, Hinds EA. Prospects for measuring the electric dipole moment of the electron using electrically trapped polar molecules. Faraday Discuss 2009; 142:37-56; discussion 93-111. [DOI: 10.1039/b820625b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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