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Kirsten-Siemß JN, Fitzek F, Schubert C, Rasel EM, Gaaloul N, Hammerer K. Large-Momentum-Transfer Atom Interferometers with μrad-Accuracy Using Bragg Diffraction. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:033602. [PMID: 37540849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Large-momentum-transfer (LMT) atom interferometers using elastic Bragg scattering on light waves are among the most precise quantum sensors to date. To advance their accuracy from the mrad to the μrad regime, it is necessary to understand the rich phenomenology of the Bragg interferometer, which differs significantly from that of a standard two-mode interferometer. We develop an analytic model for the interferometer signal and demonstrate its accuracy using comprehensive numerical simulations. Our analytic treatment allows the determination of the atomic projection noise limit of a LMT Bragg interferometer and provides the means to saturate this limit. It affords accurate knowledge of the systematic phase errors as well as their suppression by 2 orders of magnitude down to a few μrad using appropriate light-pulse parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-N Kirsten-Siemß
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Fitzek
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schubert
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Satellitengeodäsie und Inertialsensorik, Callinstraße 30b, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Rasel
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Gaaloul
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Hammerer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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2
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Piest B, Vollenkemper V, Böhm J, Herbst A, Rasel EM. Red- and blue-detuned magneto-optical trapping with liquid crystal variable retarders. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:023202. [PMID: 35232144 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We exploit red- and blue-detuned magneto-optical trapping (MOT) of 87Rb benefitting from a simplified setup and a novel approach based on liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVR). To maintain the trapping forces when switching from a red- to a blue-detuned MOT, the handedness of the circular polarization of the cooling beams needs to be reversed. LCVRs allow fast polarization control and represent compact, simple, and cost-efficient components, which can easily be implemented in existing laser systems. This way, we achieve a blue-detuned type-II MOT for 8.7 × 108 atoms of 87Rb with sub-Doppler temperatures of 44 μK well below the temperatures reached in a conventional 87Rb type-I MOT. The phase space density is increased by more than two orders of magnitude compared to the standard red-detuned type-I MOT. The setup can readily be transferred to any other systems working with 87Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Piest
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - V Vollenkemper
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Böhm
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Herbst
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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3
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Wodey E, Tell D, Rasel EM, Schlippert D, Baur R, Kissling U, Kölliker B, Lorenz M, Marrer M, Schläpfer U, Widmer M, Ufrecht C, Stuiber S, Fierlinger P. A scalable high-performance magnetic shield for very long baseline atom interferometry. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:035117. [PMID: 32259974 DOI: 10.1063/1.5141340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design, construction, and characterization of a 10 m-long high-performance magnetic shield for very long baseline atom interferometry. We achieve residual fields below 4 nT and longitudinal inhomogeneities below 2.5 nT/m over 8 m along the longitudinal direction. Our modular design can be extended to longer baselines without compromising the shielding performance. Such a setup constrains biases associated with magnetic field gradients to the sub-pm/s2 level in atomic matterwave accelerometry with rubidium atoms and paves the way toward tests of the universality of free fall with atomic test masses beyond the 10-13 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wodey
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Tell
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Rasel
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Schlippert
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Baur
- IMEDCO AG, Industriestrasse West 14, 4614 Hägendorf, Switzerland
| | - U Kissling
- IMEDCO AG, Industriestrasse West 14, 4614 Hägendorf, Switzerland
| | - B Kölliker
- IMEDCO AG, Industriestrasse West 14, 4614 Hägendorf, Switzerland
| | - M Lorenz
- IMEDCO AG, Industriestrasse West 14, 4614 Hägendorf, Switzerland
| | - M Marrer
- IMEDCO AG, Industriestrasse West 14, 4614 Hägendorf, Switzerland
| | - U Schläpfer
- IMEDCO AG, Industriestrasse West 14, 4614 Hägendorf, Switzerland
| | - M Widmer
- IMEDCO AG, Industriestrasse West 14, 4614 Hägendorf, Switzerland
| | - C Ufrecht
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - S Stuiber
- Technische Universität München, Physikdepartment, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Fierlinger
- Technische Universität München, Physikdepartment, 85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Amit O, Margalit Y, Dobkowski O, Zhou Z, Japha Y, Zimmermann M, Efremov MA, Narducci FA, Rasel EM, Schleich WP, Folman R. T^{3} Stern-Gerlach Matter-Wave Interferometer. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:083601. [PMID: 31491196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.083601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a unique matter-wave interferometer whose phase scales with the cube of the time the atom spends in the interferometer. Our scheme is based on a full-loop Stern-Gerlach interferometer incorporating four magnetic field gradient pulses to create a state-dependent force. In contrast to typical atom interferometers that make use of laser light for the splitting and recombination of the wave packets, this realization uses no light and can therefore serve as a high-precision surface probe at very close distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Amit
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Y Margalit
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Dobkowski
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Z Zhou
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Y Japha
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - M Zimmermann
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - M A Efremov
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - F A Narducci
- Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California 93943, USA
| | - E M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W P Schleich
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
- Institute of Quantum Technologies, German Aerospace Center (DLR), D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - R Folman
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
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5
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Abend S, Gebbe M, Gersemann M, Ahlers H, Müntinga H, Giese E, Gaaloul N, Schubert C, Lämmerzahl C, Ertmer W, Schleich WP, Rasel EM. Atom-Chip Fountain Gravimeter. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:203003. [PMID: 27886486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a quantum gravimeter by combining the advantages of an atom chip for the generation, delta-kick collimation, and coherent manipulation of freely falling Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with an innovative launch mechanism based on Bloch oscillations and double Bragg diffraction. Our high-contrast BEC interferometer realizes tens of milliseconds of free fall in a volume as little as a one centimeter cube and paves the way for measurements with sub-μGal accuracies in miniaturized, robust devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abend
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Gebbe
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M Gersemann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ahlers
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Müntinga
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - E Giese
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Physics and Max Planck Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - N Gaaloul
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schubert
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Lämmerzahl
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - W Ertmer
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W P Schleich
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study (TIAS), Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - E M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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6
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Ahlers H, Müntinga H, Wenzlawski A, Krutzik M, Tackmann G, Abend S, Gaaloul N, Giese E, Roura A, Kuhl R, Lämmerzahl C, Peters A, Windpassinger P, Sengstock K, Schleich WP, Ertmer W, Rasel EM. Double Bragg Interferometry. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:173601. [PMID: 27176520 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We employ light-induced double Bragg diffraction of delta-kick collimated Bose-Einstein condensates to create three symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers. They rely on (i) first-order, (ii) two successive first-order, and (iii) second-order processes which demonstrate the scalability of the corresponding momentum transfer. With respect to devices based on conventional Bragg scattering, these symmetric interferometers double the scale factor and feature a better suppression of noise and systematic uncertainties intrinsic to the diffraction process. Moreover, we utilize these interferometers as tiltmeters for monitoring their inclination with respect to gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ahlers
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Müntinga
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - A Wenzlawski
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Krutzik
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Tackmann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Abend
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Gaaloul
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E Giese
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Physics and Max Planck Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - A Roura
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - R Kuhl
- DLR Raumfahrtmanagement, Königswinterer Strasse 522-524, D-53227 Bonn, Germany
| | - C Lämmerzahl
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - A Peters
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Windpassinger
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Sengstock
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W P Schleich
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study (TIAS), Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - W Ertmer
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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7
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Kulosa AP, Fim D, Zipfel KH, Rühmann S, Sauer S, Jha N, Gibble K, Ertmer W, Rasel EM, Safronova MS, Safronova UI, Porsev SG. Towards a Mg Lattice Clock: Observation of the ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{0} Transition and Determination of the Magic Wavelength. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:240801. [PMID: 26705620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.240801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We optically excite the electronic state 3s3p ^{3}P_{0} in ^{24}Mg atoms, laser cooled and trapped in a magic-wavelength lattice. An applied magnetic field enhances the coupling of the light to the otherwise strictly forbidden transition. We determine the magic wavelength, the quadratic magnetic Zeeman shift, and the transition frequency to be 468.46(21) nm, -206.6(2.0) MHz/T^{2}, and 655 058 646 691(101) kHz, respectively. These are compared with theoretical predictions and results from complementary experiments. We also develop a high-precision relativistic structure model for magnesium, give an improved theoretical value for the blackbody radiation shift, and discuss a clock based on bosonic magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kulosa
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Fim
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K H Zipfel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Rühmann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Sauer
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Jha
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Gibble
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - W Ertmer
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - U I Safronova
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - S G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
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8
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Berg P, Abend S, Tackmann G, Schubert C, Giese E, Schleich WP, Narducci FA, Ertmer W, Rasel EM. Composite-light-pulse technique for high-precision atom interferometry. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:063002. [PMID: 25723216 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.063002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We realize beam splitters and mirrors for atom waves by employing a sequence of light pulses rather than individual ones. In this way we can tailor atom interferometers with improved sensitivity and accuracy. We demonstrate our method of composite pulses by creating a symmetric matter-wave interferometer which combines the advantages of conventional Bragg- and Raman-type concepts. This feature leads to an interferometer with a high immunity to technical noise allowing us to devise a large-area Sagnac gyroscope yielding a phase shift of 6.5 rad due to the Earth's rotation. With this device we achieve a rotation rate precision of 120 nrad s(-1) Hz(-1/2) and determine the Earth's rotation rate with a relative uncertainty of 1.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Berg
- Institut für Quantenoptik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Abend
- Institut für Quantenoptik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Tackmann
- Institut für Quantenoptik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schubert
- Institut für Quantenoptik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E Giese
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - W P Schleich
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany and Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study (TIAS), Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - F A Narducci
- Naval Air Systems Command, EO Sensors Division, Patuxent River, Maryland 20670, USA
| | - W Ertmer
- Institut für Quantenoptik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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9
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Müntinga H, Ahlers H, Krutzik M, Wenzlawski A, Arnold S, Becker D, Bongs K, Dittus H, Duncker H, Gaaloul N, Gherasim C, Giese E, Grzeschik C, Hänsch TW, Hellmig O, Herr W, Herrmann S, Kajari E, Kleinert S, Lämmerzahl C, Lewoczko-Adamczyk W, Malcolm J, Meyer N, Nolte R, Peters A, Popp M, Reichel J, Roura A, Rudolph J, Schiemangk M, Schneider M, Seidel ST, Sengstock K, Tamma V, Valenzuela T, Vogel A, Walser R, Wendrich T, Windpassinger P, Zeller W, van Zoest T, Ertmer W, Schleich WP, Rasel EM. Interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates in microgravity. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:093602. [PMID: 23496709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Atom interferometers covering macroscopic domains of space-time are a spectacular manifestation of the wave nature of matter. Because of their unique coherence properties, Bose-Einstein condensates are ideal sources for an atom interferometer in extended free fall. In this Letter we report on the realization of an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer operated with a Bose-Einstein condensate in microgravity. The resulting interference pattern is similar to the one in the far field of a double slit and shows a linear scaling with the time the wave packets expand. We employ delta-kick cooling in order to enhance the signal and extend our atom interferometer. Our experiments demonstrate the high potential of interferometers operated with quantum gases for probing the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Müntinga
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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10
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Pape A, Terra O, Friebe J, Riedmann M, Wübbena T, Rasel EM, Predehl K, Legero T, Lipphardt B, Schnatz H, Grosche G. Long-distance remote comparison of ultrastable optical frequencies with 10(-15) instability in fractions of a second. Opt Express 2010; 18:21477-21483. [PMID: 20941043 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.021477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a fully optical, long-distance remote comparison of independent ultrastable optical frequencies reaching a short term stability that is superior to any reported remote comparison of optical frequencies. We use two ultrastable lasers, which are separated by a geographical distance of more than 50 km, and compare them via a 73 km long phase-stabilized fiber in a commercial telecommunication network. The remote characterization spans more than one optical octave and reaches a fractional frequency instability between the independent ultrastable laser systems of 3 x 10 (-15) in 0.1 s. The achieved performance at 100 ms represents an improvement by one order of magnitude to any previously reported remote comparison of optical frequencies and enables future remote dissemination of the stability of 100 mHz linewidth lasers within seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pape
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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Tackmann G, Gilowski M, Schubert C, Berg P, Wendrich T, Ertmer W, Rasel EM. Phase-locking of two self-seeded tapered amplifier lasers. Opt Express 2010; 18:9258-9265. [PMID: 20588773 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.009258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on the phase-locking of two diode lasers based on self-seeded tapered amplifiers. In these lasers, a reduction of linewidth is achieved using narrow-band high-transmission interference filters for frequency selection. The lasers combine a compact design with a Lorentzian linewidth below 200 kHz at an output power of 300 mW for a wavelength of 780 nm. We characterize the phase noise of the phase-locked laser system and study its potential for coherent beam-splitting in atom interferometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tackmann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hanover, Germany.
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Gilowski M, Wendrich T, Müller T, Jentsch C, Ertmer W, Rasel EM, Schleich WP. Gauss sum factorization with cold atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:030201. [PMID: 18232946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the first implementation of a Gauss sum factorization algorithm by an internal state Ramsey interferometer using cold atoms. A sequence of appropriately designed light pulses interacts with an ensemble of cold rubidium atoms. The final population in the involved atomic levels determines a Gauss sum. With this technique we factor the number N=263193.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gilowski
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, Hannover, Germany
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Binnewies T, Wilpers G, Sterr U, Riehle F, Helmcke J, Mehlstäubler TE, Rasel EM, Ertmer W. Doppler cooling and trapping on forbidden transitions. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:123002. [PMID: 11580503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold atoms at temperatures close to the recoil limit have been achieved by extending Doppler cooling to forbidden transitions. A cloud of (40)Ca atoms has been cooled and trapped to a temperature as low as 6 microK by operating a magnetooptical trap on the spin-forbidden intercombination transition. Quenching the long-lived excited state with an additional laser enhanced the scattering rate by a factor of 15, while a high selectivity in velocity was preserved. With this method, more than 10% of precooled atoms from a standard magnetooptical trap have been transferred to the ultracold trap. Monte Carlo simulations of the cooling process are in good agreement with the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Binnewies
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Oberthaler MK, Bernet S, Rasel EM, Schmiedmayer J, Zeilinger A. Inertial sensing with classical atomic beams. Phys Rev A 1996; 54:3165-3176. [PMID: 9913837 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Rasel EM, Oberthaler MK, Batelaan H, Schmiedmayer J, Zeilinger A. Atom wave interferometry with diffraction gratings of light. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:2633-2637. [PMID: 10059366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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