1
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Miyamoto T, Kondo A, Inaba T, Morimoto T, You S, Okamoto H. Terahertz radiation by quantum interference of excitons in a one-dimensional Mott insulator. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6229. [PMID: 37833316 PMCID: PMC10575914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly monocyclic terahertz waves are used for investigating elementary excitations and for controlling electronic states in solids. They are usually generated via second-order optical nonlinearity by injecting a femtosecond laser pulse into a nonlinear optical crystal. In this framework, however, it is difficult to control phase and frequency of terahertz waves. Here, we show that in a one-dimensional Mott insulator of a nickel-bromine chain compound a terahertz wave is generated with high efficiency via strong electron modulations due to quantum interference between odd-parity and even-parity excitons produced by two-color femtosecond pulses. Using this method, one can control all of the phase, frequency, and amplitude of terahertz waves by adjusting the creation-time difference of two excitons with attosecond accuracy. This approach enables to evaluate the phase-relaxation time of excitons under strong electron correlations in Mott insulators. Moreover, phase- and frequency-controlled terahertz pulses are beneficial for coherent electronic-state controls with nearly monocyclic terahertz waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kondo
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inaba
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shijia You
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
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2
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Bharti V, Sugawa S, Mizoguchi M, Kunimi M, Zhang Y, de Léséleuc S, Tomita T, Franz T, Weidemüller M, Ohmori K. Picosecond-Scale Ultrafast Many-Body Dynamics in an Ultracold Rydberg-Excited Atomic Mott Insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:123201. [PMID: 37802940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation and control of ultrafast many-body dynamics of electrons in ultracold Rydberg-excited atoms, spatially ordered in a three-dimensional Mott insulator (MI) with unity filling in an optical lattice. By mapping out the time-domain Ramsey interferometry in the picosecond timescale, we can deduce entanglement growth indicating the emergence of many-body correlations via dipolar forces. We analyze our observations with different theoretical approaches and find that the semiclassical model breaks down, thus indicating that quantum fluctuations play a decisive role in the observed dynamics. Combining picosecond Rydberg excitation with MI lattice thus provides a platform for simulating nonequilibrium dynamics of strongly correlated systems in synthetic ultracold atomic crystals, such as in a metal-like quantum gas regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bharti
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - S Sugawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Mizoguchi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Kunimi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - S de Léséleuc
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - T Tomita
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - T Franz
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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3
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Huang W, Liang X, Zhu B, Yan Y, Yuan CH, Zhang W, Chen LQ. Protection of Noise Squeezing in a Quantum Interferometer with Optimal Resource Allocation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:073601. [PMID: 36867793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interferometers are crucial for precision measurements, including gravitational waves, laser ranging, radar, and imaging. The phase sensitivity, the core parameter, can be quantum-enhanced to break the standard quantum limit (SQL) using quantum states. However, quantum states are highly fragile and quickly degrade with losses. We design and demonstrate a quantum interferometer utilizing a beam splitter with a variable splitting ratio to protect the quantum resource against environmental impacts. The optimal phase sensitivity can reach the quantum Cramér-Rao bound of the system. This quantum interferometer can greatly reduce the quantum source requirements in quantum measurements. In theory, with a 66.6% loss rate, the sensitivity can break the SQL using only a 6.0 dB squeezed quantum resource with the current interferometer rather than a 24 dB squeezed quantum resource with a conventional squeezing-vacuum-injected Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In experiments, when using a 2.0 dB squeezed vacuum state, the sensitivity enhancement remains at ∼1.6 dB via optimizing the first splitting ratio when the loss rate changes from 0% to 90%, indicating that the quantum resource is excellently protected with the existence of losses in practical applications. This strategy could open a way to retain quantum advantages for quantum information processing and quantum precision measurement in lossy environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, Department of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xinyun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, Department of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Baiqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, Department of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yuhan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, Department of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, Department of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - L Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, Department of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
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4
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Koll LM, Maikowski L, Drescher L, Witting T, Vrakking MJJ. Experimental Control of Quantum-Mechanical Entanglement in an Attosecond Pump-Probe Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:043201. [PMID: 35148151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.043201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is one of the most intriguing aspects of quantum mechanics and lies at the heart of the ongoing second quantum revolution, where it is a resource that is used in quantum key distribution, quantum computing, and quantum teleportation. We report experiments demonstrating the crucial role that entanglement plays in pump-probe experiments involving ionization, which are a hallmark of the novel research field of attosecond science. We demonstrate that the degree of entanglement in a bipartite ion + photoelectron system, and, as a consequence, the degree of vibrational coherence in the ion, can be controlled by tailoring the spectral properties of the attosecond extreme ultraviolet laser pulses that are used to create them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Koll
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12x489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Maikowski
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12x489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Drescher
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12x489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Witting
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12x489 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Vrakking MJJ. Control of Attosecond Entanglement and Coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:113203. [PMID: 33798339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Calculations are presented of vibrational wave packet dynamics in H_{2}^{+} ions formed by ionization of neutral H_{2} by a pair of attosecond extreme ultraviolet laser pulses, using time-delayed dissociation of the cation by an ultraviolet probe pulse. The strength of experimentally observable two-level quantum beats as a function of the attosecond two-pulse delay can be related to ion+photoelectron entanglement resulting from the ionization process. This conclusion is supported by an evaluation of the purity of the reduced ion and photoelectron density matrices.
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6
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Ianconescu R, Pollak E. Oscillations in the mean transition time of a particle scattered on a double slit potential. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:164114. [PMID: 30384763 DOI: 10.1063/1.5051800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scattering through a double slit potential is one of the most fundamental problems in quantum mechanics. It is well understood that due to the superposition of amplitudes, one observes a spatial interference pattern in the scattered wavefunction reflecting the superposition of amplitudes coming from both slits. However, the effect of the double slit on the mean time it takes to traverse the slit has not been considered previously. Using a transition path time formalism, we show that when a single Gaussian wavepacket is scattered through a double slit potential, one finds not only oscillations in the scattered density resulting from the spatial interference created by the splitting of the wavepacket but also an oscillatory pattern in the mean scattering time. Long times are associated with low values of a suitably defined momentum, and short times with higher values. The double slit thus serves as a momentum filtering device. We also find an interference pattern in the time averaged momentum weak value profile of the scattered particle implying that the double slit also acts as a weak momentum filter. These results not only demonstrate the value of considering transition path time distributions in their quantum mechanical context but also present a challenge to semiclassical approximations-can they account for temporal interference?
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Ianconescu
- Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, Anna Frank St. 12, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eli Pollak
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovoth, Israel
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7
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Katsuki H, Takei N, Sommer C, Ohmori K. Ultrafast Coherent Control of Condensed Matter with Attosecond Precision. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1174-1184. [PMID: 29733191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coherent control is a technique to manipulate wave functions of matter with light. Coherent control of isolated atoms and molecules in the gas phase is well-understood and developed since the 1990s, whereas its application to condensed matter is more difficult because its coherence lifetime is shorter. We have recently applied this technique to condensed matter samples, one of which is solid para-hydrogen ( p-H2). Intramolecular vibrational excitation of solid p-H2 gives an excited vibrational wave function called a "vibron", which is delocalized over many hydrogen molecules in a manner similar to a Frenkel exciton. It has a long coherence lifetime, so we have chosen solid p-H2 as our first target in the condensed phase. We shine a time-delayed pair of femtosecond laser pulses on p-H2 to generate vibrons. Their interference results in modulation of the amplitude of their superposition. Scanning the interpulse delay on the attosecond time scale gives a high interferometric contrast, which demonstrates the possibility of using solid p-H2 as a carrier of information encoded in the vibrons. In the second example, we have controlled the terahertz collective phonon motion, called a "coherent phonon", of a single crystal of bismuth. We employ an intensity-modulated laser pulse, whose temporal envelope is modulated with terahertz frequency by overlap of two positively chirped laser pulses with their adjustable time delay. This modulated laser pulse is shined on the bismuth crystal to excite its two orthogonal phonon modes. Their relative amplitudes are controlled by tuning the delay between the two chirped pulses on the attosecond time scale. Two-dimensional atomic motion in the crystal is thus controlled arbitrarily. The method is based on the simple, robust, and universal concept that in any physical system, two-dimensional particle motion is decomposed into two orthogonal one-dimensional motions, and thus, it is applicable to a variety of condensed matter systems. In the third example, the double-pulse interferometry used for solid p-H2 has been applied to many-body electronic wave functions of an ensemble of ultracold rubidium Rydberg atoms, hereafter called a "strongly correlated ultracold Rydberg gas". This has allowed the observation and control of many-body electron dynamics of more than 40 Rydberg atoms interacting with each other. This new combination of ultrafast coherent control and ultracold atoms offers a versatile platform to precisely observe and manipulate nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems on the ultrashort time scale. These three examples are digested in this Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takei
- Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Christian Sommer
- Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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8
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Katsuki H, Ohmori K. Simultaneous manipulation and observation of multiple ro-vibrational eigenstates in solid para-hydrogen. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:124316. [PMID: 27782629 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have experimentally performed the coherent control of delocalized ro-vibrational wave packets (RVWs) of solid para-hydrogen (p-H2) by the wave packet interferometry (WPI) combined with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). RVWs of solid p-H2 are delocalized in the crystal, and the wave function with wave vector k ∼ 0 is selectively excited via the stimulated Raman process. We have excited the RVW twice by a pair of femtosecond laser pulses with delay controlled by a stabilized Michelson interferometer. Using a broad-band laser pulse, multiple ro-vibrational states can be excited simultaneously. We have observed the time-dependent Ramsey fringe spectra as a function of the inter-pulse delay by a spectrally resolved CARS technique using a narrow-band probe pulse, resolving the different intermediate states. Due to the different fringe oscillation periods among those intermediate states, we can manipulate their amplitude ratio by tuning the inter-pulse delay on the sub-femtosecond time scale. The state-selective manipulation and detection of the CARS signal combined with the WPI is a general and efficient protocol for the control of the interference of multiple quantum states in various quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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9
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Aharonovich I, Pe'er A. Coherent Amplification of Ultrafast Molecular Dynamics in an Optical Oscillator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:073603. [PMID: 26943535 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.073603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical oscillators present a powerful optimization mechanism. The inherent competition for the gain resources between possible modes of oscillation entails the prevalence of the most efficient single mode. We harness this "ultrafast" coherent feedback to optimize an optical field in time, and show that, when an optical oscillator based on a molecular gain medium is synchronously pumped by ultrashort pulses, a temporally coherent multimode field can develop that optimally dumps a general, dynamically evolving vibrational wave packet, into a single vibrational target state. Measuring the emitted field opens a new window to visualization and control of fast molecular dynamics. The realization of such a coherent oscillator with hot alkali dimers appears within experimental reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Aharonovich
- Department of Physics and BINA Center for Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Avi Pe'er
- Department of Physics and BINA Center for Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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10
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Frequency-resolved optical gating technique for retrieving the amplitude of a vibrational wavepacket. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11366. [PMID: 26068640 PMCID: PMC4464331 DOI: 10.1038/srep11366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel method to determine the complex amplitude of each eigenfunction composing a vibrational wavepacket of / molecular ions evolving with a ~10 fs time scale. We find that the two-dimensional spectrogram of the kinetic energy release (KER) of H+/D+ fragments plotted against the time delay of the probe pulse is equivalent to the spectrogram used in the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) technique to retrieve the complex amplitude of an ultrashort optical pulse. By adapting the FROG algorithm to the delay-KER spectrogram of the vibrational wavepacket, we have successfully reconstructed the complex amplitude. The deterioration in retrieval accuracy caused by the bandpass filter required to process actual experimental data is also discussed.
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11
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Curchod BFE, Penfold TJ, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I. Local Control Theory in Trajectory Surface Hopping Dynamics Applied to the Excited-State Proton Transfer of 4-Hydroxyacridine. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2127-33. [PMID: 26036986 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The application of local control theory combined with nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics to study the photoinduced intramolecular proton transfer reaction in 4-hydroxyacridine was investigated. All calculations were performed within the framework of linear-response time-dependent density functional theory. The computed pulses revealed important information about the underlying excited-state nuclear dynamics highlighting the involvement of collective vibrational modes that would normally be neglected in a study performed on model systems constrained to a subset of the full configuration space. This study emphasizes the strengths of local control theory for the design of pulses that can trigger chemical reactions associated with the population of a given molecular excited state. In addition, analysis of the generated pulses can help to shed new light on the photophysics and photochemistry of complex molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile F E Curchod
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland).,Current address: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (USA)
| | | | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Ivano Tavernelli
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland). .,Current address: IBM Research GmbH, Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 Rüschlikon (Switzerland).
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12
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Kess M, Brüning C, Engel V. Multiple time scale population transfer-dynamics in coupled electronic states. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Katsuki H, Delagnes J, Hosaka K, Ishioka K, Chiba H, Zijlstra E, Garcia M, Takahashi H, Watanabe K, Kitajima M, Matsumoto Y, Nakamura K, Ohmori K. All-optical control and visualization of ultrafast two-dimensional atomic motions in a single crystal of bismuth. Nat Commun 2013. [PMCID: PMC3868158 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a bulk solid, optical control of atomic motion provides a better understanding of its physical properties and functionalities. Such studies would benefit from active control and visualization of atomic motions in arbitrary directions, yet, so far, mostly only one-dimensional control has been shown. Here we demonstrate a novel method to optically control and visualize two-dimensional atomic motions in a bulk solid. We use a femtosecond laser pulse to coherently superpose two orthogonal atomic motions in crystalline bismuth. The relative amplitudes of those two motions are manipulated by modulating the intensity profile of the laser pulse, and these controlled motions are quantitatively visualized by density functional theory calculations. Our control-visualization scheme is based on the simple, robust and universal concept that in any physical system, two-dimensional particle motion is decomposed into two orthogonal one-dimensional motions, and thus it is applicable to a variety of condensed matter systems. Controlling the motion of atoms in solids with light allows for a deeper understanding of their fundamental properties, yet most studies only deal with one spatial dimension. Katsuki et al. extend this approach to two-dimensional control and use it to visualize atomic motion in bismuth.
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14
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Bredtmann T, Katsuki H, Manz J, Ohmori K, Stemmle C. Wavepacket interferometry for nuclear densities and flux densities. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.780103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Bredtmann
- a Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Katsuki
- b Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma , Japan
| | - Jörn Manz
- a Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
- c Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , People’s Republic of China
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- d Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Okazaki , Japan
- e CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Christian Stemmle
- a Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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15
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Renziehausen K, Hader K, Jakubetz W, Engel V. Weak-field, multiple-cycle carrier envelope phase effects in laser excitation. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1464-70. [PMID: 23436555 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although the absolute or carrier envelope phase (CEP) of a laser pulse is usually assumed to be effective for ultrashort and/or ultrastrong pulses only, it is demonstrated that these limitations can eventually be removed. Therefore, the excitation of a model positively charged homonuclear diatomic molecule, in which four electronic states are coupled by the laser field, is studied. In an initial step, nuclear wave packets in two dissociative states are prepared. Upon reaching the fragment channel, a weak pulse interacts with the system and prepares CEP-dependent asymmetries associated with electron density localized on one or the other fragmentation product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Renziehausen
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Schubert A, Engel V. Two-dimensional vibronic spectroscopy of coherent wave-packet motion. J Chem Phys 2012; 134:104304. [PMID: 21405162 DOI: 10.1063/1.3560165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically study two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopic signals obtained from femtosecond pulse interactions with diatomic molecules. The vibrational wave-packet dynamics is monitored in the signals. During the motion in anharmonic potentials the wave packets exhibit vibrational revivals and fractional revivals which are associated with particular quantum phases. The time-dependent phase changes are identified by inspection of the complex-valued 2D spectra. We use the Na(2) molecule as a numerical example and discuss various pulse sequences which yield information about vibrational level structure and phase relationships in different electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schubert
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Bhattacharjee A, Dastidar KR. Electromagnetically induced transparency with quantum interferometry. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:084301. [PMID: 22380036 DOI: 10.1063/1.3685419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that electromagnetically induced transparency can be achieved by control-probe interferometry using two delayed phase-locked ultrashort pulses. Two vibrational wavepackets on the excited state, excited by two delayed phase-locked ultrashort pulses, interfere constructively or destructively leading to enhancement or suppression of absorption to a selective set of vibrational levels. Depending on the phase difference and the delay between the pulses with same carrier frequency, one can design different transparency windows between absorption peaks at consecutive even(odd) vibrational levels by eliminating absorption at odd(even) vibrational levels. We have shown that by switching the phase difference of two delayed femtosecond pulses, one can switch to complete elimination of absorption from enhanced absorption to a particular set of vibrational levels in the excited state. Thus, switching of transparency through window between odd vibrational levels to that between even vibrational levels is possible. By properly choosing the temporal width and the carrier frequency of the pulses, lossless transmission of complete or bands of frequencies of the pulses can be achieved through these transparency windows. Hence, designing of single- or multi-mode transparency windows in NaH molecule is feasible by control-probe quantum interferometry.
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18
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Köhn J, Fennel T. Time-resolved analysis of strong-field induced plasmon oscillations in metal clusters by spectral interferometry with few-cycle laser fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8747-54. [PMID: 21331387 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for ultrafast real-time imaging of laser-induced collective electron oscillations (Mie plasmons) in gas phase metal clusters by interferometrically stable scanning of two intense few-cycle optical laser pulses. The feasibility of our nonlinear spectral interferometry method with experimentally accessible observables is tested in a theoretical case study on simple-metal clusters (Na(147)). The results show that the plasmon period and lifetime as well as the phase and relative amplitude of the collective electron motion can be extracted with sub-fs resolution. The access to nonlinear response effects, as the demonstrated increase of the plasmon lifetime with laser intensity due to ionization-induced contraction of the electron cloud, opens up vast opportunities for interrogating ultrafast many-particle dynamics in nanosystems under strong laser fields with unprecedented resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Köhn
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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Okano Y, Katsuki H, Nakagawa Y, Takahashi H, Nakamura KG, Ohmori K. Optical manipulation of coherent phonons in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films. Faraday Discuss 2011; 153:375-82; discussion 395-413. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Optical modification of the vibrational distribution of the iodine molecule. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hosaka K, Shimada H, Chiba H, Katsuki H, Teranishi Y, Ohtsuki Y, Ohmori K. Ultrafast Fourier transform with a femtosecond-laser-driven molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:180501. [PMID: 20482157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.180501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wave functions of electrically neutral systems can be used as information carriers to replace real charges in the present Si-based circuit, whose further integration will result in a possible disaster where current leakage is unavoidable with insulators thinned to atomic levels. We have experimentally demonstrated a new logic gate based on the temporal evolution of a wave function. An optically tailored vibrational wave packet in the iodine molecule implements four- and eight-element discrete Fourier transform with arbitrary real and imaginary inputs. The evolution time is 145 fs, which is shorter than the typical clock period of the current fastest Si-based computers by 3 orders of magnitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Hosaka
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Katsuki H, Chiba H, Meier C, Girard B, Ohmori K. Wave packet interferometry with attosecond precision and picometric structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:5189-98. [PMID: 20405071 DOI: 10.1039/b927518e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wave packet (WP) interferometry is applied to the vibrational WPs of the iodine molecule. Interference fringes of quantum waves weave highly regular space-time images called "quantum carpets." The structure of the carpet has picometre and femtosecond resolutions, and changes drastically depending on the amplitudes and phases of the vibrational eigenstates composing the WP. In this review, we focus on the situation where quantum carpets are created by two counter-propagating nuclear vibrational WPs. Such WPs can be prepared with either a single or double femtosecond (fs) laser pulse. In the single pulse scheme, the relevant situation appears around the half revival time. Similar situations can be generated with a pair of fs laser pulses whose relative phase is stabilized on the attosecond time scale. In the latter case we can design the quantum carpet by controlling the timing between the phase-locked pulses. We demonstrate this carpet design and visualize the designed carpets by the fs pump-probe measurements, tuning the probe wavelength to resolve the WP density-distribution along the internuclear axis with ~3 pm spatial resolution and ~100 fs temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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Biggs JD, Cina JA. Using wave-packet interferometry to monitor the external vibrational control of electronic excitation transfer. J Chem Phys 2010; 131:224101. [PMID: 20001018 DOI: 10.1063/1.3257596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the control of electronic energy transfer in molecular dimers through the preparation of specific vibrational coherences prior to electronic excitation, and its observation by nonlinear wave-packet interferometry (nl-WPI). Laser-driven coherent nuclear motion can affect the instantaneous resonance between site-excited electronic states and thereby influence short-time electronic excitation transfer (EET). We first illustrate this control mechanism with calculations on a dimer whose constituent monomers undergo harmonic vibrations. We then consider the use of nl-WPI experiments to monitor the nuclear dynamics accompanying EET in general dimer complexes following impulsive vibrational excitation by a subresonant control pulse (or control pulse sequence). In measurements of this kind, two pairs of polarized phase-related femtosecond pulses following the control pulse generate superpositions of coherent nuclear wave packets in optically accessible electronic states. Interference contributions to the time- and frequency-integrated fluorescence signals due to overlaps among the superposed wave packets provide amplitude-level information on the nuclear and electronic dynamics. We derive the basic expression for a control-pulse-dependent nl-WPI signal. The electronic transition moments of the constituent monomers are assumed to have a fixed relative orientation, while the overall orientation of the complex is distributed isotropically. We include the limiting case of coincident arrival by pulses within each phase-related pair in which control-influenced nl-WPI reduces to a fluorescence-detected pump-probe difference experiment. Numerical calculations of pump-probe signals based on these theoretical expressions are presented in the following paper [J. D. Biggs and J. A. Cina, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 224302 (2009)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Biggs
- Department of Chemistry and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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Abstract
This review summarizes progress in coherent control as well as relevant recent achievements, highlighting, among several different schemes of coherent control, wave-packet interferometry (WPI). WPI is a fundamental and versatile scenario used to control a variety of quantum systems with a sequence of short laser pulses whose relative phase is finely adjusted to control the interference of electronic or nuclear wave packets (WPs). It is also useful in retrieving quantum information such as the amplitudes and phases of eigenfunctions superposed to generate a WP. Experimental and theoretical efforts to retrieve both the amplitude and phase information are recounted. This review also discusses information processing based on the eigenfunctions of atoms and molecules as one of the modern and future applications of coherent control. The ultrafast coherent control of ultracold atoms and molecules and the coherent control of complex systems are briefly discussed as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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