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Lin CY, Weng DW, Chiu CW, Gumbs G. Unique electronic and optical properties of stacking-modulated bilayer graphene under external magnetic fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19316-19331. [PMID: 38963725 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01576b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the magneto-electronic and magneto-optical properties of stacking-modulated bilayer graphene. By manipulating domain walls (DWs) across AB-BA domains periodically, we unveil oscillatory Landau subbands and the associated optical excitations. The DWs act as periodic potentials, yielding fascinating 1D spectral features. Our exploration reveals 1D phenomena localized to Bernal stacking, DW regions, and stacking boundaries, highlighting the intriguing formation of Landau state quantization influenced by the commensuration between the magnetic length and the system. The stable quantized localization within different regions leads to the emergence of unconventional quantized subbands. This study provides valuable insights into the essential properties of stacking-modulated bilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiun-Yan Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Da-We Weng
- Department of Physics, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 82446, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chiu
- Department of Physics, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 82446, Taiwan
| | - Godfrey Gumbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P de Manuel Lardizabal, 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
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2
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Alpomishev EK, Adamian GG, Antonenko NV. Two-dimensional open quantum system in dissipative bosonic heat bath, external magnetic field, and two time-dependent electric fields. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044125. [PMID: 38755867 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Non-Markovian dynamics of a charged particle in a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator linearly coupled to a neutral bosonic heat bath is investigated in an external uniform magnetic field and two perpendicular time-dependent electric fields. The analytical expressions for the time-dependent and asymptotic angular momentum are derived for the Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics. The dependence of the angular momentum on the frequency of the electric field, cyclotron frequency, collective frequency, and anisotropy of the heat bath is studied. The angular momentum (or magnetization) of a charged particle can be ruled by varying the frequency of the electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kh Alpomishev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, 100214 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - G G Adamian
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - N V Antonenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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3
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Xing Q, Song C, Wang C, Xie Y, Huang S, Wang F, Lei Y, Yuan X, Zhang C, Mu L, Huang Y, Xiu F, Yan H. Tunable Terahertz Plasmons in Graphite Thin Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:147401. [PMID: 33891459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.147401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tunable terahertz plasmons are essential for reconfigurable photonics, which have been demonstrated in graphene through gating, though with relatively weak responses. Here we demonstrate strong terahertz plasmons in graphite thin films via infrared spectroscopy, with dramatic tunability by even a moderate temperature change or an in situ bias voltage. Meanwhile, through magnetoplasmon studies, we reveal that massive electrons and massless Dirac holes make comparable contributions to the plasmon response. Our study not only sets up a platform for further exploration of two-component plasmas, but also opens an avenue for terahertz modulation through electrical bias or all-optical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chaoyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuangang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shenyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuchen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hugen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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Kosar N, Ayub K, Mahmood T. Surface functionalization of twisted graphene C 32H 15 and C 104H 52 derivatives with alkalis and superalkalis for NLO response; a DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 102:107794. [PMID: 33212383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the detailed comparative study on geometric, electronic, optical and non-linear optical response of alkalis and superalkalis doped twisted graphene. The results illustrate that alkali metals and superalkalis interact with the central ring of the twisted graphene through non-covalent interactions which demonstrate the stability of the resultant complexes. NBO charges indicate the transfer of electrons from dopant (alkali metal atoms and superalkalis) towards twisted graphene sheet. Superalkalis doped twisted graphene complexes exhibit higher first hyperpolarizability values compared to alkali metals analogues. Among superalkalis doped complexes, K3O@C104H52 shows the highest βo value of 1.68 × 105 au. In frequency dependent first hyperpolarizability analysis, strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response of K3O@C32H15 complex is observed at both selected resonance frequency values (532 nm and1064 nm) whereas EOPE value of K3O@C32H15 complex shows higher induced response at 1064 nm wavelength. The static hyperpolarizability (βo) further increases under the influence of applied electric field. Among all complexes, Li3O@C32H15 graphene complex has the highest βo value (1.40 × 105 au) under applied electric field along x axis when sheet is in y-z plane. This analysis will be an important guideline for future studies on twisted graphene based NLO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kosar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology (UMT), C11, Johar Town Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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5
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Asakawa Y, Masubuchi S, Inoue N, Morikawa S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Machida T. Intersubband Landau Level Couplings Induced by In-Plane Magnetic Fields in Trilayer Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:186802. [PMID: 29219586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.186802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We observed broken-symmetry quantum Hall effects and level crossings between spin- and valley- resolved Landau levels (LLs) in Bernal stacked trilayer graphene. When the magnetic field was tilted with respect to the sample normal from 0° to 66°, the LL crossings formed at intersections of zeroth and second LLs from monolayer-graphene-like and bilayer-graphene-like subbands, respectively, exhibited a sequence of transitions. The results indicate the LLs from different subbands are coupled by in-plane magnetic fields (B_{∥}), which was explained by developing the tight-binding model Hamiltonian of trilayer graphene under B_{∥}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Asakawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Satoru Masubuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Sei Morikawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tomoki Machida
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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6
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Liu H, Zhong L, Yun K, Samal M. Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles-graphene and graphene oxide composites. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Lin CY, Wu JY, Ou YJ, Chiu YH, Lin MF. Magneto-electronic properties of multilayer graphenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26008-35. [PMID: 26388455 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the rich magneto-electronic properties of multilayer graphene systems. Multilayer graphenes are built from graphene sheets attracting one another by van der Waals forces; the magneto-electronic properties are diversified by the number of layers and the stacking configurations. For an N-layer system, Landau levels are divided into N groups, with each identified by a dominant sublattice associated with the stacking configuration. We focus on the main characteristics of Landau levels, including the degeneracy, wave functions, quantum numbers, onset energies, field-dependent energy spectra, semiconductor-metal transitions, and crossing patterns, which are reflected in the magneto-optical spectroscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and quantum transport experiments. The Landau levels in AA-stacked graphene are responsible for multiple Dirac cones, while in AB-stacked graphene the Dirac properties depend on the number of graphene layers, and in ABC-stacked graphene the low-lying levels are related to surface states. The Landau-level mixing leads to anticrossings patterns in energy spectra, which are seen for intergroup Landau levels in AB-stacked graphene, while in particular, a formation of both intergroup and intragroup anticrossings is observed in ABC-stacked graphene. The aforementioned magneto-electronic properties lead to diverse optical spectra, plasma spectra, and transport properties when the stacking order and the number of layers are varied. The calculations are in agreement with optical and transport experiments, and novel features that have not yet been verified experimentally are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiun-Yan Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
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8
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Ho CH, Chang CP, Lin MF. Optical magnetoplasmons in rhombohedral graphite with a three-dimensional Dirac cone structure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:125602. [PMID: 25739521 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/12/125602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhombohedral graphite has a three-dimensional Dirac cone structure, differing only perturbatively from the bulk stack of independent graphene layers, so that the three-dimensional integer quantum Hall effect can be well exhibited in this system. In this paper, optical magnetoplasmons are obtained by using the random phase approximation. Such collective excitations do not exist in monolayer graphene but are shown to originate from Landau level mixing due to interlayer Coulomb interaction in the quantum Hall effect regime. The three-dimensional character of rhombohedral graphite is thus demonstrated. The results should be realized in response to a longitudinal external electric field or an incident infrared electromagnetic wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hong Ho
- Center for General Education, Tainan University of Technology, 710 Tainan, Taiwan
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9
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10
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Lin YP, Lin CY, Ho YH, Do TN, Lin MF. Magneto-optical properties of ABC-stacked trilayer graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15921-7. [PMID: 26020611 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02496j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The generalized tight-binding model is developed to investigate the magneto-optical absorption spectra of ABC-stacked trilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Lin
- Department of Physics
- National Cheng Kung University
- 701 Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Yan Lin
- Department of Physics
- National Cheng Kung University
- 701 Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Ho
- National Tsing Hua University
- 300 Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Thi-Nga Do
- Department of Physics
- National Cheng Kung University
- 701 Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fa Lin
- Department of Physics
- National Cheng Kung University
- 701 Tainan
- Taiwan
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11
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Berciaud S, Potemski M, Faugeras C. Probing electronic excitations in mono- to pentalayer graphene by micro magneto-Raman spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4548-4553. [PMID: 24955484 DOI: 10.1021/nl501578m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We probe electronic excitations between Landau levels in freestanding N-layer graphene over a broad energy range, with unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution, using micro magneto-Raman scattering spectroscopy. A characteristic evolution of electronic bands in up to five Bernal-stacked graphene layers is evidenced and shown to remarkably follow a simple theoretical approach, based on an effective bilayer model. (N > 3)-layer graphenes appear as appealing candidates in the quest for novel phenomena, particularly in the quantum Hall effect regime. Our work paves the way toward minimally invasive investigations of magneto-excitons in other emerging low-dimensional systems, with a spatial resolution down to 1 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Berciaud
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg and NIE, UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS , 23 rue du Lœss, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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12
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Kühne P, Herzinger CM, Schubert M, Woollam JA, Hofmann T. Invited article: An integrated mid-infrared, far-infrared, and terahertz optical Hall effect instrument. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:071301. [PMID: 25085120 DOI: 10.1063/1.4889920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of the first integrated mid-infrared, far-infrared, and terahertz optical Hall effect instrument, covering an ultra wide spectral range from 3 cm(-1) to 7000 cm(-1) (0.1-210 THz or 0.4-870 meV). The instrument comprises four sub-systems, where the magneto-cryostat-transfer sub-system enables the usage of the magneto-cryostat sub-system with the mid-infrared ellipsometer sub-system, and the far-infrared/terahertz ellipsometer sub-system. Both ellipsometer sub-systems can be used as variable angle-of-incidence spectroscopic ellipsometers in reflection or transmission mode, and are equipped with multiple light sources and detectors. The ellipsometer sub-systems are operated in polarizer-sample-rotating-analyzer configuration granting access to the upper left 3 × 3 block of the normalized 4 × 4 Mueller matrix. The closed cycle magneto-cryostat sub-system provides sample temperatures between room temperature and 1.4 K and magnetic fields up to 8 T, enabling the detection of transverse and longitudinal magnetic field-induced birefringence. We discuss theoretical background and practical realization of the integrated mid-infrared, far-infrared, and terahertz optical Hall effect instrument, as well as acquisition of optical Hall effect data and the corresponding model analysis procedures. Exemplarily, epitaxial graphene grown on 6H-SiC, a tellurium doped bulk GaAs sample and an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structure are investigated. The selected experimental datasets display the full spectral, magnetic field and temperature range of the instrument and demonstrate data analysis strategies. Effects from free charge carriers in two dimensional confinement and in a volume material, as well as quantum mechanical effects (inter-Landau-level transitions) are observed and discussed exemplarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kühne
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - C M Herzinger
- J. A. Woollam Co., Inc., 645 M Street, Suite 102, Lincoln, Nebraska 68508-2243, USA
| | - M Schubert
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - J A Woollam
- J. A. Woollam Co., Inc., 645 M Street, Suite 102, Lincoln, Nebraska 68508-2243, USA
| | - T Hofmann
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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13
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Chang CP. An analytical approach for the energy spectrum and optical properties of gated bilayer graphene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical approach is developed to access the exact energy spectrum, wave functions, dipole matrix element (Mfi) and absorption spectra (A(ω)) of gated Bernal bilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Chang
- Center for General Education
- Tainan University of Technology
- 710 Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Nicholas RJ, Solane PY, Portugall O. Ultrahigh magnetic field study of layer split bands in graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:096802. [PMID: 24033060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.096802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report studies of the magnetospectroscopy of graphite into a new regime of high energies and ultrahigh magnetic fields which allows us to perform the first spectroscopic studies of the interlayer split-off bands, E1 and E2. These bands can be well described by an asymmetric bilayer model and have only a small interlayer band gap asymmetry. We show that all of the properties of the electrons and holes can be described by a simple relativistic behavior determined by γ0 and γ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Nicholas
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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15
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Kühne P, Darakchieva V, Yakimova R, Tedesco JD, Myers-Ward RL, Eddy CR, Gaskill DK, Herzinger CM, Woollam JA, Schubert M, Hofmann T. Polarization selection rules for inter-Landau-level transitions in epitaxial graphene revealed by the infrared optical Hall effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:077402. [PMID: 23992081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.077402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the polarization selection rules of inter-Landau-level transitions using reflection-type optical Hall effect measurements from 600 to 4000 cm(-1) on epitaxial graphene grown by thermal decomposition of silicon carbide. We observe symmetric and antisymmetric signatures in our data due to polarization preserving and polarization mixing inter-Landau-level transitions, respectively. From field-dependent measurements, we identify that transitions in coupled graphene monolayers are governed by polarization mixing selection rules, whereas transitions in decoupled graphene monolayers are governed by polarization preserving selection rules. The selection rules may find explanation by different coupling mechanisms of inter-Landau-level transitions with free charge carrier magneto-optic plasma oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kühne
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
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16
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Tokman M, Yao X, Belyanin A. Generation of entangled photons in graphene in a strong magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:077404. [PMID: 25166408 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.077404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photon states attract tremendous interest as the most vivid manifestation of nonlocality of quantum mechanics and also for emerging applications in quantum information. Here we propose a mechanism of generation of polarization-entangled photons, which is based on the nonlinear optical interaction (four-wave mixing) in graphene placed in a magnetic field. Unique properties of quantized electron states in a magnetized graphene and optical selection rules near the Dirac point give rise to a giant optical nonlinearity and a high rate of photon production in the mid- or far-infrared range. A similar mechanism of photon entanglement may exist in topological insulators where the surface states have a Dirac-cone dispersion and demonstrate similar properties of magneto-optical absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Tokman
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Xianghan Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Alexey Belyanin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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17
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Yao X, Belyanin A. Nonlinear optics of graphene in a strong magnetic field. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:054203. [PMID: 23441327 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/5/054203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene placed in a magnetic field possesses an extremely high mid/far-infrared optical nonlinearity originating from its unusual band structure and selection rules for the optical transitions near the Dirac point. Here, we study the linear and nonlinear optical response of graphene in strong magnetic and optical fields using a quantum-mechanical density-matrix formalism. We calculate the power of the coherent terahertz radiation generated as a result of the four-wave mixing in graphene. We show that even one monolayer of graphene gives rise to an appreciable nonlinear frequency conversion efficiency and Raman gain for modest intensities of the incident infrared radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghan Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, USA
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18
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Goncharuk NA, Smrčka L. Tight-binding description of Landau levels of graphite in tilted magnetic fields. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:185503. [PMID: 22481533 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/18/185503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of Bernal-stacked graphite subject to tilted magnetic fields is studied theoretically. The minimal nearest-neighbor tight-binding model with the Peierls substitution is employed to describe the structure of Landau levels. We show that, while the orbital effect of the in-plane component of the magnetic field is negligible for massive Dirac fermions in the vicinity of the K point of the graphite Brillouin zone, at the H point it leads to the experimentally observable splitting of Landau levels, which grows approximately linearly with the in-plane field intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A Goncharuk
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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19
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Orlita M, Neugebauer P, Faugeras C, Barra AL, Potemski M, Pellegrino FMD, Basko DM. Cyclotron motion in the vicinity of a Lifshitz transition in graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:017602. [PMID: 22304291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.017602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Graphite, a model (semi)metal with trigonally warped bands, is investigated with a magnetoabsorption experiment and viewed as an electronic system in the vicinity of the Lifshitz transition. A characteristic pattern of up to 20 cyclotron resonance harmonics has been observed. This large number of resonances, their relative strengths and characteristic shapes trace the universal properties of the electronic states near a separatrix in momentum space. Quantum-mechanical perturbative methods with respect to the trigonal warping term hardly describe the data which are, on the other hand, fairly well reproduced within a quasiclassical approach and conventional band structure model. Trigonal symmetry is preserved in graphite in contrast to a similar system, bilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orlita
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-UJF-UPS-INSA, Grenoble, France
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Faugeras C, Amado M, Kossacki P, Orlita M, Kühne M, Nicolet AAL, Latyshev YI, Potemski M. Magneto-Raman scattering of graphene on graphite: electronic and phonon excitations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:036807. [PMID: 21838392 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.036807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Magneto-Raman-scattering experiments from the surface of graphite reveal novel features associated to purely electronic excitations which are observed in addition to phonon-mediated resonances. Graphene-like and graphite domains are identified through experiments with ∼1 μm spatial resolution performed in magnetic fields up to 32 T. Polarization resolved measurements emphasize the characteristic selection rules for electronic transitions in graphene. Graphene on graphite displays the unexpected hybridization between optical phonon and symmetric across the Dirac point inter Landau level transitions. The results open new experimental possibilities--to use light scattering methods in studies of graphene under quantum Hall effect conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Faugeras
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS-UJF-UPS-INSA, 38042 Grenoble, France
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Ratinac KR, Yang W, Gooding JJ, Thordarson P, Braet F. Graphene and Related Materials in Electrochemical Sensing. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yan J, Goler S, Rhone TD, Han M, He R, Kim P, Pellegrini V, Pinczuk A. Observation of magnetophonon resonance of Dirac fermions in graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:227401. [PMID: 21231420 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.227401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Coherent coupling of Dirac fermion magnetoexcitons with an optical phonon is observed in graphite as marked magnetic-field dependent splittings and anticrossing behavior of the two coupled modes. The sharp magnetophonon resonance occurs in regions of the graphite sample with properties of superior single-layer graphene having enhanced lifetimes of Dirac fermions. The greatly reduced carrier broadening to values below the graphene electron-phonon coupling constant explains the appearance of sharp resonances that reveal a fundamental interaction of Dirac fermions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Yang W, Ratinac K, Ringer S, Thordarson P, Gooding J, Braet F. Kohlenstoffnanomaterialien für Biosensoren: Nanoröhren oder Graphen - was eignet sich besser? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yang W, Ratinac K, Ringer S, Thordarson P, Gooding J, Braet F. Carbon Nanomaterials in Biosensors: Should You Use Nanotubes or Graphene? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2114-38. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1192] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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