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Pan W, Qi X, Shen M, Chen Y, Yu Q, Huang Z, Xie J. Effects of synergistic modification using alkalis and guar gum on the pasting, rheological, and microstructural properties of germinated highland barley starch gels. Food Chem 2024; 447:138986. [PMID: 38489875 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Germination treatment of highland barley enhances its nutritional value while weakening the starch gel properties. This study aims to enhance the characteristics of germinated highland barley starch (GBS) by exploring the synergistic effects of two alkalis (Na2CO3 and NaHCO3) and guar gum (GG) on GBS gel properties. The combined action of alkalis and GG significantly improved the peak viscosity, setback viscosity, and hardness compared with GG alone. The highest G' and G" reached 998 and 204 Pa at 0.4% Na2CO3 addition, which were increased by nearly 44% and 50%, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectral analysis revealed that the alkalis strengthened interaction forces, particularly with intensified absorption peaks at 3200-3700 cm-1 and 1550-1750 cm-1. The Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 reduced the spin-spin relaxation time (T2), resulting in a dense starch gel network. This study contributes to enhancing the market application of GBS and offers innovative insights for modifying other starches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Eyupoglu S, Eyupoglu C, Merdan N. Investigation of the effect of enzymatic and alkali treatments on the physico-chemical properties of Sambucus ebulus L. plant fiber. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130968. [PMID: 38521324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The investigation aims to determine the effect of enzymatic and alkali treatments on Sambucus ebulus L. stem fiber. For this purpose, Sambucus ebulus L. stem fibers were treated with alkali, cellulase, and pectinase enzymes. An image processing technique was developed and implemented to calculate the average thicknesses of Sambucus ebulus L. fibers. The thickness of alkali, cellulase and pectinase enzyme treated fibers was determined as 478.62 μm, 808.28 μm and 478.20 μm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis illustrated that enzymatic and alkali treatments lead to the breakage of fiber structure. Furthermore, enzymatic and alkali treatments induce variations in elemental ingredients. All treatments increased the crystallinity index of Sambucus ebulus L. fiber from 72 % (raw fiber) to 83 % (alkali treated), 75.2 % (cellulase enzyme treated) and 86.3 % (pectinase enzyme treated) due to the hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that there are no significant differences in functional groups. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that enzymatic and alkali treatments improve final degradation temperature of the fiber. Mechanical behaviors of cellulase enzyme-treated fiber decrease compared to raw fiber, while pectinase enzyme and alkali treatment cause to improve mechanical properties. Tensile strength of samples was determined as 76.4 MPa (cellulase enzyme treated fiber), 210 MPa (pectinase enzyme treated fiber) and 240 MPa (alkali treated fiber). Young's modules of cellulase enzyme, pectinase enzyme and alkali treated fibers were predicted as 5.5 GPa, 13.1 GPa and 16.6 GPa. Elongation at break of samples was calculated as 5.5 % (cellulase enzyme treated fiber), 6.5 % (pectinase enzyme treated fiber) and 6 % (alkali treated fiber). The results suggest that enzymatic and alkali treatments can modify the functional and structural attributes of Sambucus ebulus L. fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Eyupoglu
- Department of Textile, Clothing, Footwear and Leather, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Can Eyupoglu
- Department of Computer Engineering, Turkish Air Force Academy, National Defence University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Nigar Merdan
- Department of Fashion and Textile Design, Architecture and Design Faculty, Istanbul Commerce University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Selvaraj H, George HS, Aravind P, Chandrasekaran K, Ilangovan A, Sundaram M. Eco-friendly and sustainable process for recovery of sulfate from paper mill mixed salt: Recycling of sulfate for dye fixation process. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120201. [PMID: 38335602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Paper mill Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) ash contains a mixture of alkali metal chloride (34.2 %) and sulfate (84.2 %) which has serious negative effects on the environment and makes it more expensive and constrained to dispose ESP ash. Therefore, handling and recycling ESP ash demands extra thought when disposing of it. Present study, aimed to separate chloride and sulfate from ESP ash using electrochemical membrane technology. Three different concentrations of ESP ash solution such as 200 g L-1, 320 g L-1 and 450 g L-1 were used as the electrolyte. Ti/TiO2-IrO2-RuO2 and titanium (Ti) are used as anode and cathode respectively. Caustic and sulfate solutions were recovered at the respective compartments. The collected sulfate solution was dried by solar light to convert 99 % sulfate salts as confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) analysis. Recovered sulfate salt was used for the dye fixing process, in which the colour fixing difference of ΔE value was about 2.10 and the strength of the dye was about 86.72 %. Therefore, the textile industry can repurpose the recovered sulfate salt for the dye fixing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosimin Selvaraj
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, 620024, India; CSIR- Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, India.
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Wang X, Chen P, Liu Z, Liu Z, Chen L, Li H, Qu J. Purification and characterization of an alkali-organic solvent-stable laccase with dye decolorization capacity from newly isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis W11. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1935-1942. [PMID: 37581711 PMCID: PMC10484895 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A new Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain with abundant laccase activity was isolated from soil under forest rotted leaf and identified as L. fusiformis W11 based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence and physiological characteristics. The laccase LfuLac was purified and characterized. The optimum temperature and pH of LfuLac on guaiacol were 45 °C and pH 9, respectively. LfuLac kept 78%, 88%, 92%, 74%, and 47% of activity at pH 7-11, respectively, suggesting the alkali resistance of the enzyme. The effects of various metal ions on LfuLac showed that Cu2+, Mg2+, and Na+ were beneficial to laccase activity and 10 mM Cu2+ increased the activity of LfuLac to 216%. LfuLac showed about 90% activity at 5% organic solvents and more than 60% activity at 20%, indicating its resistance to organic solvents. In addition, LfuLac decolorized different kinds of dyes. This study enriched our knowledge about laccase from L. fusiformis W11 and its potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Pengxiao Chen
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liping Chen
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianhang Qu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Balasubramanian S, Duraikannan V, Perumal E. Toxicogenomic analysis of physiologically important metals: An integrated in silico approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113895. [PMID: 37328090 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biologically important metals regulate cellular homeostasis in living systems. Anthropogenic exposure to these metals can cause adverse effects, including an increased incidence of diseases in humans such as cancer, lung, and cardiovascular defects. However, the effects of metals and the common genes/signaling pathways involved in metal toxicity have not been elucidated. Hence, the present study used toxicogenomic data mining with the comparative toxicogenomics database to explore the impact of these metals. The metals were categorized into transition, alkali, and alkali earth. The common genes were identified and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. Further, gene-gene and protein-protein interactions were assessed. Also, the top ten transcription factors and miRNAs that regulate the genes were identified. The phenotypes and diseases that have increased incidence upon alterations of these genes were detected. Overall, we were able to identify IL1B and SOD2 as the common genes, along with the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications as the common pathway altered. Enriched genes and pathways specific to each metal category were also found. Further, we identified heart failure as the major diseases that have increased the incidence of these metals' exposure. In conclusion, exposure to essential metals might cause adverse effects via inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaishnavi Duraikannan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India.
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Cassetta M, Giannetta B, Enrichi F, Zaccone C, Mariotto G, Giarola M, Nodari L, Zanatta M, Daldosso N. Effect of the alkali vs iron ratio on glass transition temperature and vibrational properties of synthetic basalt-like glasses. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 293:122430. [PMID: 36780741 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic eruptions generate huge amounts of material with a wide range of compositions and therefore different physicochemical properties. We present a combined Raman and calorimetric study carried out on four synthetic basaltic glasses with different alkali vs iron ratio which spans the typical compositions of basalts on Earth. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that changes of this ratio modify the glass transition interval whereas Raman spectra allow to gain insight about the structure of the glass in the microscopic and macroscopic range. Indeed, our Raman analysis is extended from the high frequency region, characterized by the molecular peaks, to the very low frequency region where glasses exhibit the boson peak. Spectra show a variation of the non-bridging oxygens number that affects the medium range order of the glass and the network interconnections. In the considered substitution interval, the boson peak shape is conserved while its position shift upwards. This means that increasing the alkali vs iron content, the elastic medium hardens but it does not change nature. This study emphasizes the importance of considering the full-range spectra when analysing multicomponent or natural systems with small chemical variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cassetta
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Giannetta
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Enrichi
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Zaccone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy; National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, I-00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Gino Mariotto
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Giarola
- Centre for Technological Platform (CPT), University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Nodari
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, National Research Council (ICMATE-CNR), I-35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Zanatta
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Daldosso
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
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Wang J, Sun L, Li X, Tao S, Wang F, Shi Y, Guan H, Yang Y, Zhao Z. Alkali exposure induces autophagy through activation of the MAPKpathway by ROS and inhibition of mTOR in Eriocheir sinensis. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 258:106481. [PMID: 36989924 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali water is widely distributed around the world, and salinization of water ecosystems has occurred in some areas of the world, comprising approximately one-third of the total land area, which has drawn much attention to the conservation of water ecosystems and aquatic animals. However, due to the complex composition of saline-alkaline water, many aquatic animals are unable to survive, which greatly limits the development and utilization of saline-alkaline waters. Carbonate alkalinity is an important stress factor for aquatic animals in saline-alkaline water. Exposure to highly alkaline carbonate can induce oxidative stress. For this study, we used Eriocheir sinensis as a model organism to evaluate the effects of alkaline stress on oxidative stress and autophagy. The trial was divided into five alkali level treatment groups (control, 4.375 mmol/L, 8.75 mmol/L, 17.5 mmol/L, and 35 mmol/L, respectively), and liver tissues were assessed by antioxidant enzyme kits, real-time quantitative PCR assays and ultrastructural observations at 3 time points (24 h, 48 h, 96 h). Compared with the control group, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)) in the alkali stress group increased and then decreased with increasing time, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. At the molecular level, the expression of MAPK pathway-related genes (P38, MAPK, JNK) in the alkaline stress group showed a dose-dependent increase at 48 and 96 h and was significantly higher than that in the control group. The expression of autophagy-related genes (ATG5, ATG12, ATG7 and GABARAP) increased dose-dependently at 24, 48, and 96 h and was significantly higher than that in the control group. In contrast, mTOR expression was always in a suppressed state. These results suggest that alkaline stress induces activation of the MAPK pathway via ROS and inhibits mTOR expression, thereby inducing autophagy in the liver tissue of Eriocheir sinensis. This study investigated the stress mechanism of carbonate on Eriocheir sinensis and provided a theoretical basis for the continued exploitation of saline-alkaline water aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Liujian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shengqiang Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Harbin Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Ye Shi
- Harbin Eco-Evironmental Monitoring Centre, 150010, China
| | - Hongkun Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
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Xiao K, Li H, Liu L, Liu X, Lian Y. Quantitative comparison of the delignification performance of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment technologies for enzymatic saccharification. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:22929-22940. [PMID: 36307567 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatments for delignification are required for the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomasses. However, in the current literature, various pretreatment approaches have been applied for the same kinds of biomass. To find the optimum pretreatments for biomaterials containing various lignin contents, in this study, a quantitative comparison was carried out on the delignification performance of 15 categories of pretreatments. In total, 1729 sets of biomass, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin recovery data were collected from 214 relevant studies. Box plots and Cate-Nelson-like graphs were applied for analyses. The results showed that alkali, oxidation, organic solvent, and multistep pretreatments generally were better at removing lignin and recovering cellulose. Moreover, among these four categories, alkali pretreatments had the best performance, increasing the saccharification efficiency by approximately five-fold. Considering both delignification performance and saccharification improvement, alkali pretreatments are currently considered to be the optimum pretreatment methods for enzymatic saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Haixiao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China.
| | - Le Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yi Lian
- College of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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Komagata Y, Ikeda H, Fujio Y, Nagamatsu Y, Shimizu H. Effect of phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide on cleaning and bonding of saliva-contaminated feldspar porcelain. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:132-137. [PMID: 35431286 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Hydrofluoric acid has been used to remove salivary contamination in dental glass-ceramics before bonding treatment. However, alternative methods are required because hydrofluoric acid is harmful. This study examined the cleaning effects of phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide on glass-ceramics for bonding pre-treatment.Methods Feldspar porcelain was divided into four groups: (C) cleaned porcelain without any contamination, (S) porcelain contaminated with saliva, (SPA) porcelain cleaned with 37% phosphoric acid after saliva contamination, and (SSH) porcelain cleaned with 10% sodium hydroxide after saliva contamination. Each sample was bonded to the resin cement using a silane-containing primer. They were then subjected to a shear bond strength (SBS) test. Each surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).Results The SBS of group SSH was comparable to that of group C but significantly higher than that of groups S and SPA. SEM observations showed that saliva-like structures remained on the samples of groups S and SPA, but not on the SSH group. The contact angles of groups C and SSH were comparable and significantly smaller than those of groups S and SPA, respectively. FT-IR analysis also revealed saliva in groups S and SPA, which was absent in the SSH group.Conclusions The saliva remained on the porcelain even after cleaning with phosphoric acid, and SBS was not restored to the same level as before the contamination. In contrast, sodium hydroxide eliminated saliva and restored SBS to the same level as before contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Komagata
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujio
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagamatsu
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Lacroix G, Jeanne M, Martinot V, Pasquesoone L. "Extensive necrosis following extravasation of alkali in the crease of the elbow after voluntary intravenous injection: A case report". ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2023; 68:81-85. [PMID: 35902288 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical burns are often deep with difficult initial clinical evaluation, especially those due to alkalic agents, which have a strong penetrating power. They therefore require specialized care in a Burn Unit. Self-inflicted burns are infrequent but their management represents a real challenge. We report the case of a 47-year-old referred to our Burn Center for the evaluation of a self-inflicted corrosion with an alkalic agent (soda), injected at the crease of the left elbow. The patient, right handed, was a nurse and had notably a psychiatric history of depressive syndrome. We observed a deep, well-defined necrosis area, associated with intense peri-lesional inflammation and extensive cellulitis. Faced with this unusual clinical appearance for a chemical burn, the patient's questioning was repeated and the patient finally admitted to having injected himself with a basic caustic product intravenously. Surgical treatment was carried out in two stages: debridement with exposure of vascular and neural structures then coverage with a free anterolateral thigh flap. The postoperative consequences were uneventful with a satisfactory functional result. Factitious disorders are underestimated and often misleading. Among factitious disorders, self-inflicted wounds remain a real challenge requiring multidisciplinary management. Many etiologies exist, among which injection of drugs or substances, in any anatomical localization, leading to variable loss of substance. The use of a free flap for acute extravasation is rare but sometimes essential. The anterolateral thigh flap allows good resurfacing on areas with important functional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lacroix
- Plastic Surgery and Burn Centre, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - M Jeanne
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, Burn Centre, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, CIC 1403 - centre d'investigations cliniques, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; ULR 7365, GRITA - groupe de recherche sur les formes injectables et les technologies associées, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - V Martinot
- Plastic Surgery and Burn Centre, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - L Pasquesoone
- Plastic Surgery and Burn Centre, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Ma Q, Wu E, Wang H, Yuan Y, Feng Y, Liu J, Zhao L, Feng B. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide boosts plant growth under alkaline stress from physiological and transcriptomic perspectives: The case of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 248:114298. [PMID: 36403299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Land alkalization is an abiotic stress that affects global sustainable agricultural development and the balance of natural ecosystems. In this study, two broomcorn millet cultivars, T289 (alkaline-tolerant) and S223 (alkaline-sensitive), were selected to investigate the response of broomcorn millet to alkaline stress and the role of brassinolide (BR) in alkaline tolerance. Phenotypes, physiologies, and transcriptomes of T289 and S223 plants under only alkaline stress (AS) and alkaline stress with BR (AB) were compared. The results showed that alkaline stress inhibited growth, promoted the accumulation of soluble sugars and malondialdehyde, enhanced electrolyte leakage, and destroyed the integrity of broomcorn millet stomata. In contrast, BR lessened the negative effects of alkaline stress on plants. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that relative to control groups (CK, nutrient solution), in AS groups, 21,113 and 12,151 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in S223 and T289, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed various terms and pathways related to metabolism. Compared to S223, alkaline stress strongly activated the brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathway in T289. Conversely, ARF, TF, and TCH4, associated with cell growth and elongation, were inhibited by alkaline stress in S223. Moreover, alkaline stress induced the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the abscisic acid signaling pathway that initiates stomatal closure, as well as the starch and sucrose metabolism. The EG and BGL genes, which are associated with cellulose degradation, were notably activated. BR enhanced alkaline tolerance, thereby alleviating the transcriptional responses of the two cultivars. Cultivar T289 is better in alkalized regions. Taken together, these results reveal how broomcorn millet responds to alkaline stress and BR mitigates alkaline stress, thus promoting agriculture in alkalized regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Enguo Wu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Honglu Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yu Feng
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Jiajia Liu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Shaanxi Provincial Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Baili Feng
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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12
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Goraya N, Narayanan M, Wesson DE. Management of Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Past, Present, and Future Direction. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2022; 29:416-423. [PMID: 36175079 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global epidemic associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Despite the effectiveness of kidney protection strategies of hypertension, diabetes, and lipid control and use of newer hypoglycemic agents and anti-angiotensin II drugs, the nephropathy in CKD continues unabated toward irreversible kidney failure. Thus, interventions targeting modifiable risk factors in CKD such as metabolic acidosis (MA) are needed. Acid reduction with sodium-based alkali has been shown to be an effective kidney-protection strategy for patients with CKD and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Small-scale studies reveal diets emphasizing ingestion of plant-sourced over animal-sourced protein reduce dietary acid, improve MA, and slow further nephropathy progression in patients with CKD and reduced GFR. Additionally, veverimer, an investigational, nonabsorbed polymer that binds and removes gastrointestinal hydrochloric acid, is being developed as a novel treatment for MA. As further studies define how to best use these interventions for kidney protection, clinicians must become aware of their potential utility in the management of patients with CKD. The aim of the present review is to explore the various intervention strategies that increase or normalize serum [HCO3-] in patients with CKD-associated MA or low normal serum [HCO3-] that may further slow progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrit Goraya
- Scott & White Medical Center-Temple, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Temple, TX.
| | - Mohanram Narayanan
- Scott & White Medical Center-Temple, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Temple, TX
| | - Donald E Wesson
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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13
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Ch'ng LS, Toh CC, Sathiyananthan JR, Malek R. Does alkalinised urine reduce the rate of encrustation in patients with ureteric stents? A randomised controlled study. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:509-515. [PMID: 35080681 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stent encrustation is not uncommonly encountered with a high number of ureteric stents. The exact pathophysiology is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the use of sodium citrate and likelihood of stent encrustation. METHODS This prospective, randomised, intervention study was conducted between October 2018 and October 2019 in a tertiary hospital. Overall, 115 patients with ureteral stents that were inserted after lithotripsy surgeries were recruited. The study subjects were randomised into two groups: one group was administered sodium citrate (Utix sachets) three times per day until stent removal (intervention group), and the second group was not administered Utix sachets (control group). Stents were removed after 1 month and inspected under macroscopic visualisation from the proximal to distal end for any crystallisation; a second inspection was done with a 60 × magnification lens. Any crystallisation observed was considered to be encrustation. RESULTS Patients who had Utix sachets post-insertion of a ureteric stent constituted 50.4% of the study cohort. The rate of encrustation in the control group was 52.6%. In the intervention group, the rate of encrustation was 46.6%. The difference was not statistically significant with the chi-squared test (p value, 0.514). CONCLUSION Alkaline citrate medications had no significant effect on stent encrustation rate. More studies are needed to elucidate different agents and their roles in reducing stent encrustation as it incurs high morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Sing Ch'ng
- Department of Urology, Hospital Selayang, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Charng Chee Toh
- Department of Urology, Hospital Selayang, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Rohan Malek
- Department of Urology, Hospital Selayang, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Peiris MA, Gunarathne DS. Parametric and kinetic study of washing pretreatment for K and Cl removal from rice husk. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08398. [PMID: 34825098 PMCID: PMC8605102 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice husk is an abundant agricultural waste that can be used in combustion applications. The use of agricultural waste in combustion applications is hindered by slagging, fouling, and corrosion due to elements such as K, Cl, and Si. With the aim of removing those problematic elements using water washing, lab-scale experiments were conducted to study the effect of washing parameters; temperature, time, and liquid to solid ratio and to recommend suitable washing conditions. The washing temperature of 65 °C and liquid to solid ratio of 100 was selected as the best process conditions. Within 10 min of washing time, 75% of Cl and 50% of K can be removed. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model is suitable to describe the leaching behavior, and the kinetic parameters were obtained for the leaching of K and Cl. In industrial installations, hot condensate from process use of steam can be recommended as a good source of washing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Anuradha Peiris
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka.,Chemical and Microbiology Laboratory, Industrial Technology Institute, 363, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka
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15
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Abbasi H, Dehghani A, Mohammadi AA, Ghadimi T, Keshavarzi A. The Epidemiology of Chemical Burns Among the Patients Referred to Burn Centers in Shiraz, Southern Iran, 2008-2018. Bull Emerg Trauma 2021; 9:195-200. [PMID: 34692871 PMCID: PMC8525699 DOI: 10.30476/beat.2021.90754.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of chemical burns among the patients admitted to Shiraz burn treatment centers. Methods: It is a descriptive study that was conducted on 62 patients with chemical burns who were admitted between 2008 and 2018. The patients’ records were used in the research using the census sampling process. A questionnaire with questions about age, sex, the extent of the burn, the cause of the burn, duration of hospital stay, level of education, incident location, and clinical outcome was used to collect data (survival-death). The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Results: The prevalence of chemical burns was 1% during 2008-2018. Acid and alkali burns were accounted for 93.5% and 6.5% of burns, respectively. 77.4% of patients were male, and 22.6% were female. The mean age of patients was 27 years. The average burn percentage was 16%. 70.6% of patients were illiterate or had primary education. Burns occurred at the workplace and home in 12.9% and 66.1% of cases, respectively. Moreover, Burns occurred due to accident (61%), acid attack (29%), and self-immolation (10%). The average length of hospital stay was 20 days. One patient (1.6%) died from burns. Conclusion: The study’s findings revealed that chemical burns were more common in men than women, and the majority of chemical burns occurred at home. To minimize the occurrence of chemical burns and acid attacks, teaching methods of preventing burns is important at home and work, as well as restricting non-specialists’ access to chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Dehghani
- Department of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyeb Ghadimi
- Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolkhalegh Keshavarzi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Masterson A, Bleay S. The effect of corrosive substances on fingermark recovery: A pilot study. Sci Justice 2021; 61:617-626. [PMID: 34482942 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Corrosive substance attacks have become a growing issue within the UK. Although most commonly occurring in gang-related offences, there are high profile instances where this type of attack has been used to attack women to disfigure and destroy livelihoods. Despite the increase in such attacks, there has been very little published research into the recovery of forensic evidence from items used in these crimes. The effect of corrosive substances on the recovery of different types of forensic evidence is unknown, and there is no guidance for laboratories processing exhibits contaminated with corrosive substances regarding optimum treatments. This pilot study focused on establishing the effectiveness of a range of fingermark visualisation processes in recovering fingermarks on surfaces exposed to concentrated sulfuric acid (acid) and potassium hydroxide (alkali). Results indicate that on non-porous surfaces vacuum metal deposition and powder suspensions remain effective, and on porous surfaces fingermarks could still be visualised with physical developer. Alkalis were found to be more detrimental than acid environments in this limited study. The results demonstrate that fingermark recovery is still feasible on surfaces exposed to corrosive substances and provides encouragement that treatment protocols could be developed for this type of exhibit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Masterson
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Stephen Bleay
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK.
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17
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Hou Z, Chen S, Ye X. High pressure processing accelarated the release of RG-I pectic polysaccharides from citrus peel. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 263:118005. [PMID: 33858565 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
High pressure processing (HPP) has become a promising strategy for extracting bioactive constituents. In this study, the impact of HPP treatment at various pH values (2.0, 8.0, and 12.0) on the macromolecular, structural, antioxidant capacity, rheological characteristics and gel properties of citrus pectic polysaccharide was investigated. The results showed that pressure and pH significantly affected the yield and Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) characterizations. The yields of high pressure extraction at pH 12 (28.13 %-33.95 %) were significantly higher than the yields at pH 2 (14.85 %-16.11 %) and pH 8 (8.75 %-9.65 %). The yield of HPP (500 MPa/10 min) assisted alkali extraction is more than 2 times of that of HPP assisted acid extraction. The RG-I structure ratio of HPP-alkali extraction pectic polysaccharide (74.51 %) was significantly higher than that of traditional pectin (41.83 %). The results showed that HPP assisted alkali is a potential pectic polysaccharide extraction technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 315100, China.
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 315100, China
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18
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Zhao Y, Feng F, Yang Y, Xiong C, Xu M, Tu Y. Gelation behavior of egg yolk under physical and chemical induction: A review. Food Chem 2021; 355:129569. [PMID: 33773456 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gelation is one of the most important functional properties of egg yolk. High content and rich variety of protein and lipid in egg yolk are the material basis of gel formation. The natural structure of proteins in egg yolk is unfolded under treatments such as heat, alkali, salt, etc., thus causing the interactions between protein-protein and protein-lipid and forming the gel. Under different methods of induction, egg yolk is solidified to form different three-dimensional network structures. Different inducing methods exhibit different gel formation mechanisms. In this paper, the gelation behavior of egg yolk and its internal molecular agglomeration mechanism induced by heat, alkali, salt, freezing, high pressure, and salt-heating synergy were reviewed to provide a reference for further studies on the formation mechanisms and product development of egg yolk gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Feng Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Yuan Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Chunhong Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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19
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Ren Y, Xiao W, Rong L, Han X, Shen M, Liu W, Luo Y, Xie J. The role of alkali in sweet potato starch-Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharide gels: Gelation, rheological and structural properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:366-374. [PMID: 33383076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
According to the Chinese traditional black jelly production process, a critical step to ensure the quality of jelly is to add alkali to it. In this study, the effects of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on the pasting, rheological, textural, and structural properties of sweet potato starch (SPS)-Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharide (MCP) gels were evaluated. Adding Na2CO3 at low concentration reduced the final viscosity (FV) of SPS-MCP gels, whereas adding it at a high concentration increased the FV. Adding NaHCO3 can increase the FV of SPS-MCP gels in a concentration-dependent manner. Rheological results indicated that adding NaHCO3 at a low concentration decreased the storage modulus of SPS-MCP gels, whereas adding it at a high concentration increased the storage modulus. The storage modulus of SPS-MCP gels increased with increasing concentration of NaHCO3. The addition of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 improved the textural properties of SPS-MCP gels and decreased the water mobility. Infrared results indicated that adding alkali can enhance the hydrogen bonding between SPS and MCP. Scanning electron microscopy results suggested that alkali can reduce the size of gels, and make the structure more compact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wenhao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liyuan Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiuying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Wenmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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20
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Obara K, Kamura T. The Rim101 pathway mediates adaptation to external alkalization and altered lipid asymmetry: hypothesis describing the detection of distinct stresses by the Rim21 sensor protein. Curr Genet 2021; 67:213-8. [PMID: 33184698 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Yeast cells adapt to alkaline conditions by activating the Rim101 alkali-responsive pathway. Rim21 acts as a sensor in the Rim101 pathway and detects extracellular alkalization. Interestingly, Rim21 is also known to be activated by alterations involving the lipid asymmetry of the plasma membrane. In this study, we briefly summarize the mechanism of activation and the signal transduction cascade of the Rim101 pathway and propose a hypothesis on how Rim21 is able to detect distinct signals, particularly external alkalization, and altered lipid asymmetry. We found that external alkalization can suppress transbilayer movements of phospholipids between the two leaflets of the plasma membrane, which may lead to the disturbance of the lipid asymmetry of the plasma membrane. Therefore, we propose that external alteration is at least partly sensed by Rim21 through alterations in lipid asymmetry. Understanding this activation mechanism could greatly contribute to drug development against fungal infections.
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21
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Kosar N, Ayub K, Mahmood T. Surface functionalization of twisted graphene C 32H 15 and C 104H 52 derivatives with alkalis and superalkalis for NLO response; a DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 102:107794. [PMID: 33212383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the detailed comparative study on geometric, electronic, optical and non-linear optical response of alkalis and superalkalis doped twisted graphene. The results illustrate that alkali metals and superalkalis interact with the central ring of the twisted graphene through non-covalent interactions which demonstrate the stability of the resultant complexes. NBO charges indicate the transfer of electrons from dopant (alkali metal atoms and superalkalis) towards twisted graphene sheet. Superalkalis doped twisted graphene complexes exhibit higher first hyperpolarizability values compared to alkali metals analogues. Among superalkalis doped complexes, K3O@C104H52 shows the highest βo value of 1.68 × 105 au. In frequency dependent first hyperpolarizability analysis, strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response of K3O@C32H15 complex is observed at both selected resonance frequency values (532 nm and1064 nm) whereas EOPE value of K3O@C32H15 complex shows higher induced response at 1064 nm wavelength. The static hyperpolarizability (βo) further increases under the influence of applied electric field. Among all complexes, Li3O@C32H15 graphene complex has the highest βo value (1.40 × 105 au) under applied electric field along x axis when sheet is in y-z plane. This analysis will be an important guideline for future studies on twisted graphene based NLO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kosar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology (UMT), C11, Johar Town Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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22
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Hu X, Bian R, Xv Y, Deng R, Zhang Z, Xiang P, Xia S. Phosphorus recovery from aqueous solution via a microbial electrolysis phosphorus-recovery cell. Chemosphere 2020; 257:127283. [PMID: 32531492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The coming global phosphorus (P) crisis makes P recovery from wastewater become an inevitable choice. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystallization is an important approach for P recovery, but its requirements for high alkali and acid are unaffordable. Thus, a microbial electrolysis phosphorus-recovery cell (MEPRC) was developed to cut down the alkali cost via raising the wastewater pH (over 11) in the cathode chamber, and the acid cost via producing acid in the acid-production chamber. HAP was confirmed to be the final recovered products, and P recovery efficiency over 80% was achieved at 24-h operation. To optimize the P recovery performance of this system, the effects of the key factors including applied voltage, P initial concentration and Ca/P ration were investigated. High voltage could promote the rate of P recovery but had slight effect on the eventual recovery efficiency (elevated from 88.5 to 91.1%). High P initial concentration (15.0 mM) could slow down the pH elevation, contributing to the low P recovery efficiency (50.1%) within 24 h. However, prolonging the operation could break the buffering and obtain a satisfactory P recovery efficiency (87.2%) at 36 h. Besides, sufficient calcium ions were favorable to the P recovery. In addition, P recovery cost analyses of the MEPRC indicated that it might be a low-cost technology for P recovery. Moreover, the simultaneously produced acid could be used to neutralize the effluent after P recovery with high pH value. These results demonstrate the feasibility of MEPRC for cost-effective P recovery from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, 200432, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Runqin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yifan Xv
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ruifeng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Pengyu Xiang
- Zhejiang Weiming Environment Protection Co., Ltd., Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Xi J, Xu D, Wu F, Jin Z, Xu X. Effect of Na 2CO 3 on quality and volatile compounds of steamed bread fermented with yeast or sourdough. Food Chem 2020; 324:126786. [PMID: 32344353 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Na2CO3 on the quality, change of protein subunits and volatile compounds of sourdough leavened Chinese steamed bread (sourdough-CSB) and yeast leavened CSB (yeast-CSB) were investigated. Results suggested that, low Na2CO3 level endowed both CSB with softer crumb and little change of surface color. Besides, Na2CO3 addition improved the overall aroma profile by inhibiting the production of aroma-negative compounds (butanoic acid, 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal and heptanal). Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed an obvious increase in intensity of protein bands with low molecular weight, consistent with the result of size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and free sulfhydryl group (SH) content, indicating the hydrolysis of glutenin macropolymer (GMP) under alkaline condition in yeast-CSB. While in sourdough-CSB, GMP and SH content firstly decreased at low Na2CO3 level (0-0.2%) and then increased at high Na2CO3 level (0.3%-0.5%).
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24
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Yan F, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li J, Wang Q, Liu Y. De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of salt-, alkali-, and drought-responsive genes in Sophora alopecuroides. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:423. [PMID: 32576152 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salinity, alkalinity, and drought stress are the main abiotic stress factors affecting plant growth and development. Sophora alopecuroides L., a perennial leguminous herb in the genus Sophora, is a highly salt-tolerant sand-fixing pioneer species distributed mostly in Western Asia and northwestern China. Few studies have assessed responses to abiotic stress in S. alopecuroides. The transcriptome of the genes that confer stress-tolerance in this species has not previously been sequenced. Our objective was to sequence and analyze this transcriptome. Results Twelve cDNA libraries were constructed in triplicate from mRNA obtained from Sophora alopecuroides for the control and salt, alkali, and drought treatments. Using de novo assembly, 902,812 assembled unigenes were generated, with an average length of 294 bp. Based on similarity searches, 545,615 (60.43%) had at least one significant match in the Nr, Nt, Pfam, KOG/COG, Swiss-Prot, and GO databases. In addition, 1673 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the salt treatment, 8142 from the alkali treatment, and 17,479 from the drought treatment. A total of 11,936 transcription factor genes from 82 transcription factor families were functionally annotated under salt, alkali, and drought stress, these include MYB, bZIP, NAC and WRKY family members. DEGs were involved in the hormone signal transduction pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes; this suggests that these pathways or processes may be involved in tolerance towards salt, alkali, and drought stress in S. alopecuroides. Conclusion Our study first reported transcriptome reference sequence data in Sophora alopecuroides, a non-model plant without a reference genome. We determined digital expression profile and discovered a broad survey of unigenes associated with salt, alkali, and drought stress which provide genomic resources available for Sophora alopecuroides.
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Balachander S, Yang T, Newnam G, El-Sayed WMM, Koh KD, Storici F. Capture of Ribonucleotides in Yeast Genomic DNA Using Ribose-Seq. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2049:17-37. [PMID: 31602603 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9736-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Experiments conducted in yeast cells have recently shown abundant presence of ribonucleotides (rNMPs) embedded both in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Indeed, rNMPs are the most frequent, nonstandard nucleotides found in cellular DNA. rNMPs have a highly reactive 2'-hydroxyl group in the ribose sugar that gives rise to genome instability by altering the structure, function, and properties of DNA. In order to profile rNMPs embedded in yeast genomic DNA, as well as any other genomic DNA of interest, we developed "ribose-seq." Ribose-seq utilizes Arabidopsis thaliana tRNA ligase (AtRNL), which enables ligation of 2'-phosphate termini of DNA molecules terminating with an rNMP to the 5'-phosphate end of the same DNA molecules. Thus, a unique feature of ribose-seq is its capacity to specifically and directly capture the rNMPs present in DNA. Here we describe how ribose-seq is applied to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA to capture rNMPs that are incorporated in the yeast genome and build libraries of rNMP incorporation for high-throughput sequencing. We also provide the advancements over our original ribose-seq protocol at the end of Subheading 1, and the specific details are provided in the methods part of this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Balachander
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Taehwan Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary Newnam
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Waleed M M El-Sayed
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Marine Microbiology Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Red Sea, Egypt
| | - Kyung Duk Koh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Storici
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ejaz U, Muhammad S, Hashmi IA, Ali FI, Sohail M. Utilization of methyltrioctylammonium chloride as new ionic liquid in pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for production of cellulase by novel thermophilic bacteria. J Biotechnol 2020; 317:34-38. [PMID: 32360575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation of carbohydrates present in lignocellulosic (LC) biomass is facilitated by lignin removal, which is usually achieved by adopting various pretreatment methods to provide the enzymes proper access to their respective substrates. Pretreatment using ionic liquid (IL) is relatively recent advancement and considered as mild and green process. ILs can dissolve extensive quantities of biomass and depolymerize the cellulose. In this context, an abundantly available LC biomass, sugarcane bagasse (SB), was pretreated using alkali or with an IL, methyltrioctylammonium chloride, and was used for cellulase production from thermophilic bacteria. In all, 26 indigenously isolated thermophilic bacterial strains were quantitatively screened for cellulase production. 16S rDNA sequences of the promising isolates UE10 and UE27 revealed relatedness with Brevibacillus borstelensis, while the strain UE1 belonged to Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus. Cellulase production was compared by utilizing alkali pretreated and IL pretreated SB and the later was found more appropriate. UE1, UE10 and UE27 yielded 22.2, 22.18 and 33.3 IU mL-1 of endoglucanase, respectively, by fermenting IL pretreated SB. The changes in SB structure after pretreatment were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. This study demonstrated the potential of novel thermophilic bacterial strains to utilize IL pretreated SB for production of industrially important enzyme, cellulase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
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Gao X, Yao Y, Wu N, Xu M, Zhao Y, Tu Y. The sol-gel-sol transformation behavior of egg white proteins induced by alkali. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:588-597. [PMID: 32234445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we found an interesting phenomenon that fresh egg white (EW) undergo the sol-gel-sol transition with alkali treatment. The transformation behavior at different alkalinity (1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%) was investigated. As the gel formed, the hardness, lightness, surface hydrophobicity and the total number of identified peptides increased, and then, remarkable reduction when the gel collapsed. Rheological behavior indicated that the viscosity varied with shear rate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that β-sheets gradually decreased as the α-helices increased during gel-sol transformation. The quantification of EW peptides analysis revealed that there was no dramatic correlation between the number of identified peptides and alkalinity. It was concluded that the sol-gel-sol transition was strongly dependent on alkali levels, moreover, high concentration promoted gel formation as well as liquefaction. The EW transformation behavior induced by alkali had a significant effect on protein aggregation and denaturation, and further changed physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Gao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Acehan S, Satar S, Gulen M, Avci A. Evaluation of corrosive poisoning in adult patients. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 39:65-70. [PMID: 31982223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the demographic characteristics, endoscopy results, emerging complications and the final status of caustic intake cases admitted to our emergency department. METHOD This study is a retrospective one concerning patients admitted to our emergency department due to caustic ingestion. Demographic characteristics of the patients, complaints while applying to the hospital, physical examination findings, the purpose of caustic intake, the characteristics of corrosive substance taken, times of endoscopy following admission to the emergency department, follow-up times in the emergency department, endoscopic staging and outcome. The data were analyzed through IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22.0 package program. RESULTS Seventy four patients participated in the study. 83.8% of corrosive substance intake cases were accidental and 16.2% cases were suicidal intention. While 60.8% of the corrosive substances taken had alkaline property, 36.5% were acidic and 2.7% were found to be unknown substances. 50% of the corrosive substance intakes were sodium hypochlorite. It was seen that endoscopy was performed in 59 patients who accepted endoscopy within an average of 244.07 min after admission to the emergency department. While no damage could be seen in 55.9% of patients following endoscopy, the most common injury was Grade 1 (35.6%). CONCLUSION Corrosive substance intake is a rare but potentially devastating poisoning with high morbidity and mortality. Mucosal injury begins within minutes following corrosive intake. Therefore, early endoscopy is helpful in assessing the degree of injury and early discharge from hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Acehan
- Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Salim Satar
- Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Muge Gulen
- Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Akkan Avci
- Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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Aboragah A, Embaby M, Günal M, AbuGhazaleh A. Effect of alkaline and sonication pretreatments on the rumen degradability of date palm seeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:771-776. [PMID: 31630309 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of chemical treatment and sonication (ultrasound) processing on the fiber composition and rumen degradability of date palm seeds (DPS). In the first trial, the effects of incubation or sonication in 4% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on DPS fiber content and ruminal degradability were evaluated. Relative to untreated seeds, the ruminal degradability of DPS neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and organic matter (OM) increased (P < 0.05) for the treated seeds and were highest (P < 0.05) for the sonicated seeds. Relative to untreated seeds, the hemicellulose and lignin content were lower (P < 0.05) for the sonicated seeds, while the cellulose content was higher (P < 0.05) for the incubated seeds. In the second trial, the effects of subjecting DPS to different sonication times (5, 10, 20, and 30 min) were evaluated. The degradability of seeds' NDF and OM were greater (P < 0.05) for the sonicated than unsonicated seeds. The highest NDF degradability was seen after 30 min sonication, whereas the OM degradability was not affected by sonication time (P > 0.05). In the third trial, the effects of subjecting DPS to sonication in different NaOH solutions (1%, 2%, 4% NaOH) were evaluated. Relative to untreated seeds, the rumen degradability of seeds' NDF and OM increased with all NaOH concentrations but was highest (P < 0.05) with the 4% NaOH. In conclusion, our results showed that treating DPS with 4% NaOH increased the seeds' ruminal degradability, and subjecting DPS to sonication further improved their degradability in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aboragah
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Mohammed Embaby
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Mevlüt Günal
- Department of Animal Science, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Amer AbuGhazaleh
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Kaminski MD, Mertz CJ, Jerden J, Kalensky M, Kivenas N, Magnuson M. A case study of cesium sorption onto concrete materials and evaluation of wash agents: Implications for wide area recovery. J Environ Chem Eng 2019; 7:10.1016/j.jece.2019.103140. [PMID: 32699771 PMCID: PMC7375493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To support the viability of a wash-down approach to mitigating nuclear contamination, this study presents a characterization of the aggregate of a common concrete by optical microscopy and the sorption-desorption characteristics of cesium from these into potential wash solutions. Various minerals with weathered surfaces displayed strong affinity for 137Cs with an effective partition coefficient Kd=120 mL/g for micas,>25-90 mL/g for feldspars, and>25-30 mL/g for amphiboles. The desorption Kd into 0.1M NH4Cl varied greatly but for amphiboles, sandstones, granite, and fine-grained quartzite it was>200 mL/g as a result of irreversible sorption. These same mineral phases are prevalent in all types of building materials, extending our conclusions more broadly to the problem of wide-area urban decontamination. In contrast, ionic solutions desorbed up to 98% of 137Cs from cement, suggesting that fresh concretes with an intact surface layer of cement could be more easily decontaminated if Cs+ interactions with the underlying minerals could be avoided. For practical applications common, non-hazardous chemicals such as sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are as effective or more effective than harsher chemicals and expensive chelating agents. For example, when treated shortly after exposure, on time-scales commensurate with early response phase activities, 0.5M KCl could remove nearly 50% of bound 137Cs from concrete aggregate. Statistical analyses showed that desorption from the fine aggregate benefited from higher K+ and NH4 + concentrations. These results suggest that contamination in large areas of the urban environment can be dramatically reduced using common chemicals obtained readily from local stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Kaminski
- Strategic Security Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Carol J. Mertz
- Strategic Security Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - James Jerden
- Strategic Security Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Michael Kalensky
- Strategic Security Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Nadia Kivenas
- Strategic Security Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Matthew Magnuson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, 26W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
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Goraya N, Munoz-Maldonado Y, Simoni J, Wesson DE. Fruit and Vegetable Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Related Metabolic Acidosis Reduces Cardiovascular Risk Better than Sodium Bicarbonate. Am J Nephrol 2019; 49:438-448. [PMID: 30995657 DOI: 10.1159/000500042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend treatment of metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) with sodium-based alkali. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with base-producing fruits and vegetables (F + V) better improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk indicators than oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). METHODS We randomized 108 macroalbuminuric, matched, nondiabetic CKD patients with metabolic acidosis to F + V (n = 36) in amounts to reduce dietary acid by half, oral NaHCO3 (HCO3, n = 36) 0.3 mEq/kg bw/day, or to Usual Care (UC, n = 36) to assess the 5-year effect of these interventions on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) course as the primary analysis and on indicators of CVD risk as the secondary analysis. RESULTS Five-year plasma total CO2 was higher in HCO3 and F + V than UC but was not different between HCO3 and F + V (difference p value < 0.01). Five-year net eGFR decrease was less in HCO3 (mean -12.3, 95% CI -12.9 to -11.7 mL/min/1.73 m2) and F + V (-10.0, 95% CI -10.6 to -9.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) than UC (-18.8, 95% CI -19.5 to -18.2 mL/min/1.73 m2; p value < 0.01) but was not different between HCO3 and F + V. Five-year systolic blood pressure was lower in F + V than UC and HCO3 (p value < 0.01). Despite similar baseline values, F + V had lower low-density lipoprotein, Lp(a), and higher serum vitamin K1 (low serum K1 is associated with coronary artery calcification) than HCO3 and UC at 5 years. CONCLUSION Metabolic acidosis improvement and eGFR preservation were comparable in CKD patients treated with F + V or oral NaHCO3 but F + V better improved CVD risk indicators, making it a potentially better treatment option for reducing CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrit Goraya
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jan Simoni
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Donald E Wesson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center College of Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA,
- Baylor Scott and White Health and Wellness Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,
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Moodley P, Rorke DCS, Gueguim Kana EB. Development of artificial neural network tools for predicting sugar yields from inorganic salt-based pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol 2019; 273:682-686. [PMID: 30459117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study developed two Artificial Neural Network (ANN) tools for predicting sugar yields from inorganic salt-based pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Pretreatment data from 90 experimental runs with 8 different input conditions were used to develop a microwave-based and a steam-based model. Both models exhibited high coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.97. Knowledge extraction revealed reducing sugar yields from the steam- and microwave-based models exhibited high sensitivity to both salt and alkali concentration. These models may be employed as initial screening tools in lignocellulosic bioprocesses, thereby potentially enhancing the economic and productivity of lignocellulosic-based bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preshanthan Moodley
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Life Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Daneal C S Rorke
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Life Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Surasani VKR, Mandal A, Pandey A. Utilization of freshwater mussel (Lamellidens marginalis) for the isolation of proteins through pH shift processing: characterization of isolates. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:31497-31507. [PMID: 30203350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Study was conducted to use underutilized freshwater mussel (Lamellidens marginalis) for the recovery of proteins using pH shift method and to study the functionality and characteristics of the recovered isolates. From the pH range tested (pH 2.0-13.0), maximum protein yields were obtained during solubilization at pH 2.0 and pH 13.0 (p < 0.05). During the protein recovery process, pH 13.0 was found to have minimal effect on proteins resulting in higher protein yields compared to pH 2.0. Isolates obtained by both acidic and alkaline solubilization processes had low stability and poor gel network. Total lipid content, total myoglobin, and pigment contents were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) during pH shift processing, resulting in whiter protein isolates and protein gels. All the essential amino acids were present in the isolates recovered by acid and alkaline solubilization, indicating the complete recovery of amino acids. No microbial counts were observed in any of the isolates prepared using acid and alkaline-aided processing. Acid and alkaline solubilization (pH shift) process was found to be promising for the recovery of proteins from underutilized freshwater mussel thus by reducing the supply demand gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Reddy Surasani
- Department of Harvest and Post-harvest Technology, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
| | - Amit Mandal
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Abhed Pandey
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
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Nargotra P, Sharma V, Gupta M, Kour S, Bajaj BK. Application of ionic liquid and alkali pretreatment for enhancing saccharification of sunflower stalk biomass for potential biofuel-ethanol production. Bioresour Technol 2018; 267:560-568. [PMID: 30053714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels/chemicals has recently gained immense research momentum. Current study reports sequential pretreatment of sunflower stalk (SFS) biomass in a combinatorial regime involving alkali (NaOH) and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride. The pretreatment enhanced the enzymatic digestibility, and resulted in increased sugar yield (163.42 mg/g biomass) as compared to standalone pretreatment using alkali (97.38 mg/g biomass) or ionic liquid (79.6 mg/g biomass). Ultrastructural and morphological analysis (FTIR and SEM) of pretreated biomass showed that the combined ionic liquid and alkali pretreatment causes more drastic alterations in the biomass ultrastructure as compared to alone ionic liquid or alkali pretreatment. Thus, combined pretreatment led to ease of enzymatic saccharification and consequent increased sugar yield, and this observation was corroborated by physicochemical analysis of the pretreated biomass. The pretreated SFS biomass was subjected to consolidated bioprocessing for its direct conversion to bioethanol in a single vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parushi Nargotra
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Mahak Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Simranjeet Kour
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
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Ayim I, Ma H, Alenyorege EA. Optimizing and predicting degree of hydrolysis of ultrasound assisted sodium hydroxide extraction of protein from tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) residue using response surface methodology. J Food Sci Technol 2018; 55:5166-74. [PMID: 30483014 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology was employed to investigate the effect of sodium hydroxide concentration (X 1: 0.05-0.15 M), sonication time (X 2: 5-15 min), ultrasonic power (X 3: 150-450 W/L), and solid-liquid ratio (X 4: 20-60 g/L) on the optimization of protein extraction from tea residue. Single frequency countercurrent ultrasound (SFCU) was employed to assist the extraction and subsequent hydrolysis of the protein. Optimal extraction conditions were established and response surfaces were generated using mathematical models. There were positive linear and negative quadratic effects of extraction variables on protein yield. The optimal predicted protein yield of 138.9 mg/g was obtained under the optimum conditions of concentration of 0.13 M, extraction time of 13 min, ultrasonic power of 377 W/L and solid-liquid ratio of 51.5 g/L. A model for the degree of hydrolysis of the extraction process was also obtained which gave a predicted and experimental value of 8.4% and 7.5% respectively. Essential amino acid content of 36.7% was obtained under optimal conditions.
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Gritter M, Vogt L, Yeung SM, Wouda RD, Ramakers CR, de Borst MH, Rotmans JI, Hoorn EJ. Rationale and Design of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Assessing the Renoprotective Effects of Potassium Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2018; 140:48-57. [PMID: 29961059 PMCID: PMC6494081 DOI: 10.1159/000490261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Dietary potassium (K+) has beneficial effects on blood pressure and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Recently, several epidemiological studies have revealed an association between urinary K+ excretion (as proxy for dietary intake) and better renal outcomes in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To address causality, we designed the "K+ in CKD" study. METHODS The K+ in CKD study is a multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aiming to include 399 patients with hypertension, CKD stage 3b or 4 (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 15-44 mL/min/1.73 m2), and an average eGFR decline > 2 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. As safety measure, all included subjects will start with a 2-week open-label phase of 40 mmol potassium chloride daily. Patients who do not subsequently develop hyperkalemia (defined as serum K+ >5.5 mmol/L) will be randomized to receive potassium chloride, potassium citrate (both K+ 40 mmol/day), or placebo for 2 years. The primary end point is the difference in eGFR after 2 years of treatment. Secondary end points include other renal outcomes (> 30% decrease in eGFR, doubling of serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease, albuminuria), ambulatory blood pressure, CV events, all-cause mortality, and incidence of hyperkalemia. Several measurements will be performed to analyze the effects of potassium supplementation, including body composition monitoring, pulse wave velocity, plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations, urinary ammonium, and intracellular K+ concentrations. CONCLUSION The K+ in CKD study will demonstrate if K+ sup-plementation has a renoprotective effect in progressive CKD, and whether alkali therapy has additional beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gritter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley M.H. Yeung
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa D. Wouda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin H. de Borst
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I. Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J. Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,*Dr. Ewout J. Hoorn, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Room H-438, NL–3000 CA Rotterdam (The Netherlands), E-Mail
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Kandeel S, Balaha M. Olopatadine enhances recovery of alkali-induced corneal injury in rats. Life Sci 2018; 207:499-507. [PMID: 30056863 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The alkali-induced corneal injury is an ocular emergency that required an immediate and effective management to preserve the normal corneal functions and transparency. Olopatadine is a fast, topically-effective anti-allergic drug, which exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic abilities in different allergic animals' models. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of olopatadine on alkali-induced corneal injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Corneal alkali injury (CI) induced in the right eyes of an eight-week-old male Wister rats, by application of 3 mm diameter filter-papers, soaked for 10 s in 1 N-NaOH, to the right eyes' corneal centers for 30 s, afterward, the filter paper removed, and the rat right eye rinsed with 20 ml normal saline. For treatment of CI, either 0.2% or 0.77% olopatadine applied topically daily for 14 days, starting immediately after the induction of CI. KEY FINDINGS Olopatadine, in the present work, effectively and dose-dependently enhanced the corneal healing after alkali application, with significant reduction of the corneal opacity and neovascularization scores, besides, it suppressed the augmented corneal IL-1β, VEGF, caspase-3 levels, and nuclear NF-κB immunohistochemical expression, meanwhile it abrogated the corneal histopathological changes, induced by alkali application. SIGNIFICANCE Olopatadine appears to be a potential treatment option for alkali-induced corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Kandeel
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El-Gish Street, Postal No. 31527 Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Balaha
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El-Gish Street, Postal No. 31527 Tanta, Egypt
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Hu X, Xue Y, Long L, Zhang K. Characteristics and batch experiments of acid- and alkali-modified corncob biomass for nitrate removal from aqueous solution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:19932-19940. [PMID: 29740770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, modified biochar was adopted as an adsorbent for the nitrate removal in aqueous solutions. Raw material was impregnated in sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 1 mol/L) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 2 mol/L) separately and then prepared at 600 °C. After treated with acid, the BET specific surface area was much higher than that of unmodified and alkali-modified biochars. The low adsorption capacity and specific surface area of alkali-modified biochar may be due to the precipitate on the surface according to the results of XRD. In addition, the C-OH and C-H functional groups played a major part during adsorption progress. The batch experiments demonstrated that the acid-modified biochar exhibited a more excellent absorbability (12.75 mg/g) under the circumstance of neutral solution and room temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity of MSA-CC was 34.20 mg/g, which was about 2.4 times higher than that of the unmodified. Low pH value can provide positive charge conditions to enhance the adsorption capacity. Overall, the biochar with excellent pore structure and chargeable functional group can be a potential application for nitrate removal which was low cost and effective. After treated with acid, biochar could adsorb negative charge species like nitrate due to electrostatic interaction. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingwen Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li Long
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejing Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ren J, Chen J, Han L, Wang M, Yang B, Du P, Li F. Spatial distribution of heavy metals, salinity and alkalinity in soils around bauxite residue disposal area. Sci Total Environ 2018; 628-629:1200-1208. [PMID: 30045542 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The existence of bauxite residue disposal area (BRDA) is a serious problem in China owing to the huge quantity as well as toxicity and high alkalinity of bauxite residue. To assess the impact of uncontrolled release of bauxite residue on soil, 80 surface soil samples from areas nearby the BRDA in China, were tested to obtain the levels of heavy metals, as well as exchangeable sodium percentage, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total alkalinity (TA). High levels of total concentrations of Cd, V, Pb, and Mo were detected in the study area, along with high pH and exchangeable Na, K, Ca, and Mg. Spatial distribution generated by Kriging interpolation of data on surface soils indicated variabilities in the concentrations of heavy metals, alkalinity, and salinity. Factor analyses confirmed the spatial distribution variance and the influence of prevailing winds. The enrichment factors of soil showed extreme enrichment of Mo, moderate enrichment of Cd and V; and high synthesis scores for soil salinization degree were noted from the eastern to southeastern region of the BRDA. This study provides a range of strategies with significant effort in planning, implementation, and monitoring activities to ensure effective dust control in BRDA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ping Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Fasheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Ray SC, Patel B, Irsik DL, Sun J, Ocasio H, Crislip GR, Jin CH, Chen J, Baban B, Polichnowski AJ, O'Connor PM. Sodium bicarbonate loading limits tubular cast formation independent of glomerular injury and proteinuria in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1179-97. [PMID: 29650676 DOI: 10.1042/CS20171630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) slows the decline in kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet the mechanisms mediating this effect remain unclear. The Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat develops hypertension and progressive renal injury when fed a high salt diet; however, the effect of alkali loading on kidney injury has never been investigated in this model. We hypothesized that NaHCO3 protects from the development of renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats via luminal alkalization which limits the formation of tubular casts, which are a prominent pathological feature in this model. To examine this hypothesis, we determined blood pressure and renal injury responses in Dahl SS rats drinking vehicle (0.1 M NaCl) or NaHCO3 (0.1 M) solutions as well as in Dahl SS rats lacking the voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1). We found that oral NaHCO3 reduced tubular NH4+ production, tubular cast formation, and interstitial fibrosis in rats fed a high salt diet for 2 weeks. This effect was independent of changes in blood pressure, glomerular injury, or proteinuria and did not associate with changes in renal inflammatory status. We found that null mutation of Hv1 also limited cast formation in Dahl SS rats independent of proteinuria or glomerular injury. As Hv1 is localized to the luminal membrane of TAL, our data suggest that alkalization of the luminal fluid within this segment limits cast formation in this model. Reduced cast formation, secondary to luminal alkalization within TAL segments may mediate some of the protective effects of alkali loading observed in CKD patients.
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Lominchar MA, Santos A, de Miguel E, Romero A. Remediation of aged diesel contaminated soil by alkaline activated persulfate. Sci Total Environ 2018; 622-623:41-48. [PMID: 29202367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work studies the efficiency of alkaline activated persulfate (PS) to remediate an aged diesel fuel contaminated soil from a train maintenance facility. The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration in soil was approximately 5000mgkg-1 with a ratio of aliphatic:aromatic compounds of 70:30. Aromatic compounds were mainly naphtalenes and phenanthrenes. The experiments were performed in batch mode where different initial concentrations of persulfate (105mM, 210mM and 420mM) and activator:persulfate ratios (2 and 4) were evaluated, with NaOH used as activator. Runs were carried out during 56days. Complete TPH conversion was obtained with the highest concentration of PS and activator, whereas in the other runs the elimination of fuel ranged between 60 and 77%. Besides, the abatement of napthalenes and phenantrenes was faster than aliphatic reduction (i. e. after 4days of treatment, the conversions of the aromatic compounds were around 0.8 meanwhile the aliphatic abatements were 0.55) and no aromatic oxidation intermediates from naphtalenes or phenantrenes were detected. These results show that this technology is effective for the remediation of aged diesel in soil with alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lominchar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - E de Miguel
- Environmental Geochemistry Research and Engineering Laboratory, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - A Romero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Chen C, Yu Y, Ding X, Liu B, Duanmu H, Zhu D, Sun X, Cao L, Zaib-Un-Nisa, Li Q, Zhu Y. Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of PP2C clade D under saline and alkali stresses in wild soybean and Arabidopsis. Protoplasma 2018; 255:643-654. [PMID: 29052008 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) belong to the largest protein phosphatase family in plants. Some members have been described as being negative modulators of plant growth and development, as well as responses to hormones and environmental stimuli. However, little is known about the members of PP2C clade D, which may be involved in the regulation of signaling pathways, especially in response to saline and alkali stresses. Here, we identified 13 PP2C orthologs from the wild soybean (Glycine soja) genome. We examined the sequence characteristics, chromosome locations and duplications, gene structures, and promoter cis-elements of the PP2C clade D genes in Arabidopsis and wild soybean. Our results showed that GsPP2C clade D (GsAPD) genes exhibit more gene duplications than AtPP2C clade D genes. Plant hormone and abiotic stress-responsive elements were identified in the promoter regions of most PP2C genes. Moreover, we investigated their expression patterns in roots, stems, and leaves. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that the expression levels of representative GsPP2C and AtPP2C clade D genes were significantly influenced by alkali and salt stresses, suggesting that these genes might be associated with or directly involved in the relevant stress signaling pathways. Our results established a foundation for further functional characterization of PP2C clade D genes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of chemistry and molecular biology, University of Gothenburg, S-413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huizi Duanmu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaib-Un-Nisa
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Gaury PK, Meena NK, Mahajan AK. Hydrochemistry and water quality of Rewalsar Lake of Lesser Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, India. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:84. [PMID: 29344735 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present research is to study hydrochemistry and water quality of Rewalsar Lake during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. The Ca2+ and Na+ are observed as the dominant cations from pre- to post-monsoon season. On the other hand, HCO3- and Cl- are observed dominant anions during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, whereas HCO3- and SO42- during post-monsoon season. The comparison of alkaline earth metals with alkali metals and total cations (Tz+) has specified that the carbonate weathering is the dominant source of major ions in the water of lake. The HCO3- is noticed to be mainly originated from carbonate/calcareous minerals during monsoon and post-monsoon, but through silicate minerals during pre-monsoon. The SO42- in Rewalsar Lake is produced by the dissolution of calcite and dolomite etc. The alkali metals and Cl- in the lake can be attributed to the silicate weathering as well as halite dissolution and anthropogenic activities. Certain other parameters like NO3-, NH4+, F-, and Br- are mainly a result of anthropogenic activities. The alkaline earth metals are found to surpass over alkali metals, whereas weak acid (HCO3-) exceed to strong acid (SO42-). The Piper diagram has shown Ca2+-HCO3- type of water during all the seasons. The water quality index has indicated that the water quality of the lake is unsuitable for drinking from pre- to post-monsoon. Several parameters like salinity index, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percent, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium hazard etc. have revealed the water of Rewalsar Lake as suitable for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Gaury
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India.
| | | | - A K Mahajan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
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Ceglia L, Dawson-Hughes B. Increasing alkali supplementation decreases urinary nitrogen excretion when adjusted for same day nitrogen intake. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:3355-3359. [PMID: 28842733 PMCID: PMC6592622 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We examined whether escalating doses of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) supplements alter urinary nitrogen excretion expressed as a ratio to same day nitrogen intake (measure of muscle-protein breakdown). The ratio declined significantly from placebo to low to high dose of KHCO3 supplementation in older adults over 3 months, suggesting muscle-sparing. INTRODUCTION Neutralization of dietary acid load with alkali supplementation (i.e., KHCO3) has been hypothesized to have muscle protein-sparing effects. In controlled feeding studies with fixed nitrogen (N) intake/day, 24-h urinary N excretion is a good marker of muscle breakdown. However, in studies with self-selected diets, changes in 24-h urinary N excretion can be influenced by shifts in N intake. METHODS We evaluated changes in 24-h total urinary N excretion as a ratio of N excretion to concurrent N intake in 233 older men and women who participated in an 84-day KHCO3 supplementation randomized placebo-controlled trial. RESULTS After adjustment for relevant cofactors, escalating doses of KHCO3 (1 mmol/kg/day [low] or 1.5 mmol/kg/day [high]) resulted in a progressive decline in urinary N excretion/N intake compared to placebo (overall P for trend = 0.042). The 84-day change in urinary N excretion/N intake in the high-dose KHCO3 group was statistically significantly lower compared to placebo (P = 0.012) but not compared to the low-dose KHCO3 group (P = 0.276). The 84-day change in urinary N excretion/N intake in the low-dose KHCO3 group did not differ significantly from placebo (P = 0.145). CONCLUSIONS Urinary N excretion expressed as ratio to same day N intake declined steadily with increasing doses of KHCO3 supplementation from low 1 mmol/kg/day to high 1.5 mmol/kg/day, suggesting a nitrogen-sparing effect. Compared to urinary N excretion alone, this ratio could be a more reasonable measure of muscle protein metabolism in large-scale long-term human studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT1475214.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ceglia
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - B Dawson-Hughes
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Harris PW, Schmidt T, McCabe BK. Evaluation of chemical, thermobaric and thermochemical pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of high-fat cattle slaughterhouse waste. Bioresour Technol 2017; 244:605-610. [PMID: 28810214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to enhance the anaerobic digestion of fat-rich dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge through chemical, thermobaric, and thermochemical pre-treatment methods. Soluble chemical oxygen demand was enhanced from 16.3% in the control to 20.84% (thermobaric), 40.82% (chemical), and 50.7% (thermochemical). Pre-treatment altered volatile fatty acid concentration by -64% (thermobaric), 127% (chemical) and 228% (thermochemical). Early inhibition was reduced by 20% in the thermochemical group, and 100% in the thermobaric group. Specific methane production was enhanced by 3.28% (chemical), 8.32% (thermobaric), and 8.49% (thermochemical) as a result of pre-treatment. Under batch digestion, thermobaric pre-treatment demonstrated the greatest improvement in methane yield with respect to degree of pre-treatment applied. Thermobaric pre-treatment was also the most viable for implementation at slaughterhouses, with potential for heat-exchange to reduce pre-treatment cost. Further investigation into long-term impact of pre-treatments in semi-continuous digestion experiments will provide additional evaluation of appropriate pre-treatment options for high-fat slaughterhouse wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Harris
- National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernadette K McCabe
- National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Goraya N, Wesson DE. Management of the Metabolic Acidosis of Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2017; 24:298-304. [PMID: 29031356 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Subjects with CKD and reduced glomerular filtration rate are at risk for chronic metabolic acidosis, and CKD is its most common cause. Untreated metabolic acidosis, even in its mildest forms, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity and should therefore be treated. If reduced glomerular filtration rate or the tubule abnormality causing chronic metabolic acidosis cannot be corrected, it is typically treated with dietary acid (H+) reduction using Na+-based alkali, usually NaHCO3. Dietary H+ reduction can also be accomplished with the addition of base-producing foods such as fruits and vegetables and limiting intake of H+-producing foods like animal-sourced protein. The optimal dose of Na+-based alkali that prevents the untoward effects of metabolic acidosis while minimizing adverse effects and the appropriate combination of this traditional therapy with dietary strategies remain to be determined by ongoing studies. Recent emerging evidence supports a phenomenon of H+ retention, which precedes the development of metabolic acidosis by plasma acid-base parameters, but further studies will be needed to determine how best to identify patients with this phenomenon and whether they too should be treated with dietary H+ reduction.
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Carvalho L, Furusjö E, Kirtania K, Wetterlund E, Lundgren J, Anheden M, Wolf J. Techno-economic assessment of catalytic gasification of biomass powders for methanol production. Bioresour Technol 2017; 237:167-177. [PMID: 28228328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the techno-economic performance and potential benefits of methanol production through catalytic gasification of forest residues and lignin. The results showed that while catalytic gasification enables increased cold gas efficiencies and methanol yields compared to non-catalytic gasification, the additional pre-treatment energy and loss of electricity production result in small or no system efficiency improvements. The resulting required methanol selling prices (90-130€/MWh) are comparable with production costs for other biofuels. It is concluded that catalytic gasification of forest residues can be an attractive option as it provides operational advantages at production costs comparable to non-catalytic gasification. The addition of lignin would require lignin costs below 25€/MWh to be economically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Carvalho
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Erik Furusjö
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Kawnish Kirtania
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Wetterlund
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Joakim Lundgren
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Marie Anheden
- Innventia AB, Drottning Kristinas väg 61, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Wolf
- Innventia AB, Drottning Kristinas väg 61, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hawangchu Y, Atong D, Sricharoenchaikul V. The effect of alkali on the product distribution from black liquor conversion under supercritical water. Environ Technol 2017; 38:1742-1750. [PMID: 28443361 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1323954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lignin in chemical pulping waste, or black liquor (BL), can be converted into various products via supercritical water gasification (SCWG). However, the inherited alkaline contents from the pulping chemicals may affect the product yields and properties. In this research, the influence of the residual alkali on the product distribution via SCWG of soda BL and kraft BL was evaluated. The SCWG was performed in a batch quartz reactor for 10 min at various temperatures (673, 773 and 873 K) and pressures (250, 300 and 400 bar). The highest hydrogen (H2) production occurred at 873 K for the soda BL. The water-gas shift reaction with sodium ions played an important part in the H2 production, while only small amounts of methane and carbon monoxide were detected. Hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids and esters were the dominant substrates in the liquid products, which denoted the potential of this method for bond cleaving of the lignin macromolecule. As a result, BL, which typically contains alkali salt, was an appropriate feedstock for the SCWG reaction to produce renewable fuel. This method not only has a positive influence on the generation of value added products from highly corrosive waste but also helps avoid some technical problems commonly encountered with direct firing in a recovery boiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hawangchu
- a International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - D Atong
- b National Metal and Material Technology Center , Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani , Thailand
| | - V Sricharoenchaikul
- c Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
- d Energy Research Institute , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
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Meng Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Chu PK, Komarneni S, Lv F. Anomalous but massive removal of two organic dye pollutants simultaneously. J Hazard Mater 2016; 318:54-60. [PMID: 27399147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot method to remove two organic dye contaminants and alkali simultaneously from alkaline wastewater was developed by forming Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-LDH). Using this process, not only alkali but also methyl orange (MO), an anionic contaminant was totally removed from wastewater. In addition, cationic contaminant, methylene blue (MB) was also removed effectively while maintaining the high removal efficiency of MO. The removal efficiency of MO was almost 100% and the pH of the treated wastewater decreased from 12 to 7.38. The charge-limited removal process, molecular arrangement of the contaminants in LDHs, and the anomalous removal mechanism were analyzed experimentally and through simulation. After MO accumulated in the interlayers of LDH by electrostatic interaction, MB entered and trapped by hydrophobic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Materials Research Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Drilling Research Institute, CNPC, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sridhar Komarneni
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Materials Research Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Fengzhu Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
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Morou-Bermudez E, Loza-Herrero MA, Garcia-Rivas V, Suarez-Perez E, Billings RJ. Oral Bacterial Acid-Base Metabolism in Caries Screening: A Proof-Of-Concept Study. JDR Clin Trans Res 2016; 2:132-141. [PMID: 28435894 DOI: 10.1177/2380084416673049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to clinically validate an array of biochemical tests for oral acid/alkali generation as caries screening instruments. 185 adult subjects (mean 33.6±10.6 years) were examined clinically for dental caries using the ICDAS criteria. Bitewing radiographs were used to confirm interproximal surfaces of posterior teeth. For the purposes of this study, subjects were classified as "caries-active" if they had at least one untreated caries lesion with ICDAS 4 or higher. Pooled supragingival plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were collected and assayed for pH changes from sucrose and urea metabolism using colorimetric tests. The validity of each test to discriminate between "caries-inactive" and "caries-active" subjects was assessed and compared to a commercial bacteriological caries-screening test using roc regression and logistic regression models. The AUCs of the plaque-urea (PU: 0.59 (0.51, 0.67)), plaque-urea-glucose (PUG: 0.59 (0.51, 0.67)) and saliva-urea-glucose (SUG: 0.59 (0.51, 0.67)) tests did not differ significantly from the bacteriological tests (CRT-mutans: 0.62 (0.54, 0.70); CRT-lactobacillus: 0.63 (0.56, 0.71) (P>0.05), but the plaque-glucose (SG), saliva-glucose (SG), saliva-urea (SU) and saliva-plaque-glucose (SPG) tests had significantly smaller AUCs (P<0.05). The AUCs for the PU, PUG, SUG, and the CRT-mutans tests were higher in subjects who had no existing dental restorations (PU: 0.90 (0.77, 1.04); PUG: 0.90 (0.79, 1.01); SUG: 0.89 (0.69, 1.08); CRT-mutans: 0.90 (0.73, 1.08)). The incorporation of the biochemical tests into a multidimensional bacteriological/psychosocial caries screening model significantly increased its diagnostic values (Se+Sp: 160.6, AUC: 0.846). In conclusion, as a proof of concept, the results of this study indicate that measuring the ability of dental plaque and saliva to metabolize urea together with the ability to generate acid from sugars may have a promising role in caries screening either independently, or as part of a multidimensional biological test.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morou-Bermudez
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan PR
| | - M A Loza-Herrero
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan PR
| | - V Garcia-Rivas
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan PR
| | - E Suarez-Perez
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan PR
| | - R J Billings
- University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Department of Community Dentistry, Rochester NY
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