1
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Roberts K, Wolley O, Gregory T, Padgett MJ. A comparison between the measurement of quantum spatial correlations using qCMOS photon-number resolving and electron multiplying CCD camera technologies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14687. [PMID: 38918443 PMCID: PMC11199506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cameras with single-photon sensitivities can be used to measure the spatial correlations between the photon-pairs that are produced by parametric down-conversion. Even when pumped by a single-mode laser, the signal and idler photons are typically distributed over several thousand spatial modes yet strongly correlated with each other in their position and anti-correlated in their transverse momentum. These spatial correlations enable applications in imaging, sensing, communication, and optical processing. Here we show that, using a photon-number resolving camera, spatial correlations can be observed after only a few 10s of seconds of measurement time, thereby demonstrating comparable performance with previous single photon sensitive camera technologies but with the additional capability to resolve photon-number. Consequently, these photon-number resolving technologies are likely to find wide use in quantum, low-light, imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Roberts
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - O Wolley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - T Gregory
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M J Padgett
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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2
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Yang L, Hu J, Niu H, Wu S, Qiao Z, Feng G, Yang C, Zhang G, Qin C, Chen R, Xiao L, Jia S. Three-dimensional quantum imaging of dynamic targets using quantum compressed sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6025-6036. [PMID: 38439315 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Quantum imaging based on entangled light sources exhibits enhanced background resistance compared to conventional imaging techniques in low-light conditions. However, direct imaging of dynamic targets remains challenging due to the limited count rate of entangled photons. In this paper, we propose a quantum imaging method based on quantum compressed sensing that leverages the strong correlation characteristics of entangled photons and the randomness inherent in photon pair generation and detection. This approach enables the construction of a compressed sensing system capable of directly imaging high-speed dynamic targets. The results demonstrate that our system successfully achieves imaging of a target rotating at a frequency of 10 kHz, while maintaining an impressive data compression rate of 10-6. This proposed method introduces a pioneering approach for the practical implementation of quantum imaging in real-world scenarios.
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3
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Peřina J, Thapliyal K, Haderka O, Michálek V, Machulka R. Generalized sub-Poissonian states of two-beam fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:537-550. [PMID: 38175081 DOI: 10.1364/oe.511065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two-beam states obtained by partial photon-number-resolving detection in one beam of a multi-mode twin beam are experimentally investigated using an intensified CCD camera. In these states, sub-Poissonian photon-number distributions in one beam are accompanied by sub-shot-noise fluctuations in the photon-number difference of both beams. Multi-mode character of the twin beam implying the beam nearly Poissonian statistics is critical for reaching sub-Poissonian photon-number distributions, which contrasts with the use of a two-mode squeezed vacuum state. Relative intensities of both nonclassical effects as they depend on the generation conditions are investigated both theoretically and experimentally using photon-number distributions of these fields. Fano factor, noise-reduction parameter, local and global nonclassicality depths, degree of photon-number coherence, mutual entropy as a non-Gaussianity quantifier, and negative quasi-distributions of integrated intensities are used to characterize these fields. Spatial photon-pair correlations as means for improving the field properties are employed. These states are appealing for quantum metrology and imaging including the virtual-state entangled-photon spectroscopy.
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4
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Massaro G, Mos P, Vasiukov S, Di Lena F, Scattarella F, Pepe FV, Ulku A, Giannella D, Charbon E, Bruschini C, D'Angelo M. Correlated-photon imaging at 10 volumetric images per second. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12813. [PMID: 37550319 PMCID: PMC10406932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation properties of light provide an outstanding tool to overcome the limitations of traditional imaging techniques. A relevant case is represented by correlation plenoptic imaging (CPI), a quantum-inspired volumetric imaging protocol employing spatio-temporally correlated photons from either entangled or chaotic sources to address the main limitations of conventional light-field imaging, namely, the poor spatial resolution and the reduced change of perspective for 3D imaging. However, the application potential of high-resolution imaging modalities relying on photon correlations is limited, in practice, by the need to collect a large number of frames. This creates a gap, unacceptable for many relevant tasks, between the time performance of correlated-light imaging and that of traditional imaging methods. In this article, we address this issue by exploiting the photon number correlations intrinsic in chaotic light, combined with a cutting-edge ultrafast sensor made of a large array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). This combination of source and sensor is embedded within a novel single-lens CPI scheme enabling to acquire 10 volumetric images per second. Our results place correlated-photon imaging at a competitive edge and prove its potential in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianlorenzo Massaro
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Università degli studi di Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paul Mos
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sergii Vasiukov
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Lena
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Scattarella
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Università degli studi di Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco V Pepe
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Università degli studi di Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Arin Ulku
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Giannella
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Università degli studi di Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Charbon
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Bruschini
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Milena D'Angelo
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Università degli studi di Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy
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5
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Wu SB, Li ZM, Gao J, Zhou H, Wang CS, Jin XM. Classification of quantum correlation using deep learning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:3479-3489. [PMID: 36785340 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum correlation, as an intrinsic property of quantum mechanics, has been widely employed to test the fundamental physical principles and explore the quantum-enhanced technologies. However, such correlation would be drowned and even destroyed in the conditions of high levels of loss and noise, which drops into the classical realm and renders quantum advantage ineffective. Especially in low light conditions, conventional linear classifiers are unable to extract and distinguish quantum and classical correlations with high accuracy. Here we experimentally demonstrate the classification of quantum correlation using deep learning to meet the challenge in the quantum imaging scheme. We design the convolutional neural network to learn and classify the correlated photons efficiently with only 0.1 signal photons per pixel. We show that decreasing signal intensity further weakens the correlation and makes an accurate linear classification impossible, while the deep learning method has a strong robustness of such task with the accuracy of 99.99%. These results open up a new perspective to optimize the quantum correlation in low light conditions, representing a step towards diverse applications in quantum-enhanced measurement scenarios, such as super-resolution microscope, quantum illumination, etc.
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6
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Peřina J, Michálek V, Machulka R, Haderka O. Two-beam light with 'checkered-pattern' photon-number distributions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:29704-29719. [PMID: 34614710 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photon-number-resolved post-selection on one beam out of a correlated system of three beams with bi-partite photon-number correlations gives rise to joint photon-number distributions with the probabilities forming checkered patterns. These patterns originate in the convolution of two constituting photon-number distributions, one endowed with correlations in photon numbers, the other exhibiting anti-correlations in photon-number fluctuations. Using three twin beams of comparable intensity whose constituting beams suitably overlap on the photocathode of a photon-number-resolving iCCD camera, we experimentally as well as theoretically analyze the properties of such states as they change with the varying ratio of the correlated and anti-correlated contributions. The experimental photocount 2D histograms of the fields post-selected by the iCCD camera that are reconstructed by the maximum-likelihood approach confirm their non-classicality though the limited detection efficiency in post-selection conceals the checkered patterns. Contrary to this, the maximum-likelihood reconstruction of the experimental 3D photocount histogram similarly as a suitable 3D Gaussian fit, that reveal the states as they would be obtained by ideal post-selection, provide the photon-number distributions with the checkered patterns. The corresponding quasi-distributions of integrated intensities are determined. Nonclassical properties of the generated states are investigated using suitable non-classicality criteria and the corresponding non-classicality depths. These states with their correlations of varying intensity are prospective for two-photon excitations of atoms and molecules as well as two-photon spectroscopy.
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7
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Jedrkiewicz O, Invernizzi E, Brambilla E, Gatti A. Hot-spots and gain enhancement in a doubly pumped parametric down-conversion process. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:36245-36259. [PMID: 33379723 DOI: 10.1364/oe.403668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the parametric down-conversion process in a nonlinear bulk crystal, driven by two non-collinear pump modes. The experiment shows the emergence of bright hot-spots in modes shared by the two pumps, similar to the phenomenology recently observed in 2D nonlinear photonic crystals. By exploiting the spatial walk-off between the two extraordinary pump modes, we have been able to recreate a peculiar resonance condition, reported by a local enhancement of the parametric gain, which corresponds to a transition from a three-mode to a four-mode coupling. From a quantum point of view, this opens the way to the generation of multimode entangled states of light, such as tripartite or quadripartite states, in simple bulk nonlinear sources.
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8
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Di Lena F, Massaro G, Lupo A, Garuccio A, Pepe FV, D'Angelo M. Correlation plenoptic imaging between arbitrary planes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:35857-35868. [PMID: 33379693 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel method to perform plenoptic imaging at the diffraction limit by measuring second-order correlations of light between two reference planes, arbitrarily chosen, within the tridimensional scene of interest. We show that for both chaotic light and entangled-photon illumination, the protocol enables to change the focused planes, in post-processing, and to achieve an unprecedented combination of image resolution and depth of field. In particular, the depth of field results larger by a factor 3 with respect to previous correlation plenoptic imaging protocols, and by an order of magnitude with respect to standard imaging, while the resolution is kept at the diffraction limit. The results lead the way towards the development of compact designs for correlation plenoptic imaging devices based on chaotic light, as well as high-SNR plenoptic imaging devices based on entangled photon illumination, thus contributing to make correlation plenoptic imaging effectively competitive with commercial plenoptic devices.
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9
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Nomerotski A, Keach M, Stankus P, Svihra P, Vintskevich S. Counting of Hong-Ou-Mandel Bunched Optical Photons Using a Fast Pixel Camera. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3475. [PMID: 32575595 PMCID: PMC7349248 DOI: 10.3390/s20123475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The uses of a silicon-pixel camera with very good time resolution (∼nanosecond) for detecting multiple, bunched optical photons is explored. We present characteristics of the camera and describe experiments proving its counting capabilities. We use a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source to generate correlated photon pairs, and exploit the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference effect in a fiber-coupled beam splitter to bunch the pair onto the same output fiber. It is shown that the time and spatial resolution of the camera enables independent detection of two photons emerging simultaneously from a single spatial mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Nomerotski
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Michael Keach
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Paul Stankus
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Peter Svihra
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen Vintskevich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Moscow Region, Russia;
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10
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Fast camera spatial characterization of photonic polarization entanglement. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6181. [PMID: 32277076 PMCID: PMC7148376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Scalable technologies to characterize the performance of quantum devices are crucial to creating large quantum networks and quantum processing units. Chief among the resources of quantum information processing is entanglement. Here we describe the full temporal and spatial characterization of polarization-entangled photons produced by Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversions using an intensified high-speed optical camera, Tpx3Cam. This novel technique allows for precise determination of Bell inequality parameters with minimal technical overhead, and for new characterization methods for the spatial distribution of entangled quantum information. The fast-optical camera could lead to multiple applications in Quantum Information Science, opening new perspectives for the scalability of quantum experiments.
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11
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Knyazev E, Khalili FY, Chekhova MV. Overcoming inefficient detection in sub-shot-noise absorption measurement and imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:7868-7885. [PMID: 31052614 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.007868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photon-number squeezing and correlations enable measurement of absorption with an accuracy exceeding that of the shot-noise limit. However, sub-shot noise imaging and sensing based on these methods require high detection efficiency, which can be a serious obstacle if measurements are carried out in "difficult" spectral ranges. We show that this problem can be overcome through the phase-sensitive amplification before detection. Here we propose an experimental scheme of sub-shot-noise imaging with tolerance to detection losses.
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12
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Peřina J. Waves in spatio-spectral and -temporal coherence of evolving ultra-intense twin beams. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4256. [PMID: 30862907 PMCID: PMC6414532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Waves in the spatio-spectral and -temporal coherence of evolving ultra-intense twin beams are predicted: Twin beams with low intensities attain maximal coherence in the beam center until certain threshold intensity is reached. Then the area of maximal coherence moves with increasing intensity from the beam center towards its edges leaving the beam center with low coherence (the first coherence wave). For even larger intensities, a new coherence maximum is gradually built in the beam center with the increasing intensity and, later, it again moves towards the beam edges forming the second coherence wave. Rotationally-symmetric twin beams are analyzed within a three-dimensional model that couples spectral and spatial degrees of freedom. Relation between the twin-beam coherence and its local density of modes during the nonlinear evolution is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Peřina
- Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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13
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Kitaeva GK, Kornienko VV, Kuznetsov KA, Pentin IV, Smirnov KV, Vakhtomin YB. Direct detection of the idler THz radiation generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1198-1201. [PMID: 30821747 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study parametric down-conversion (PDC) of optical laser radiation in the strongly frequency non-degenerate regime which is promising for the generation of quantum-correlated pairs of extremely different spectral ranges, the optical and the terahertz (THz) ones. The possibility to detect tenuous THz-frequency photon fluxes generated under low-gain spontaneous PDC is demonstrated using a hot electron bolometer. Then experimental dependences of the THz radiation power on the detection angle and on the pump intensity are analyzed.
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14
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WU MENGCHANG, SCHMITTBERGER BONNIEL, BREWER NICHOLASR, SPEIRS RORYW, JONES KEVINM, LETT PAULD. Twin-beam intensity-difference squeezing below 10 Hz. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:4769-4780. [PMID: 30876087 PMCID: PMC8658049 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.004769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of strong, bright-beam intensity-difference squeezing down to measurement frequencies below 10 Hz. We generate two-mode squeezing in a four-wave mixing (4WM) process in Rb vapor, where the single-pass-gain nonlinear process does not require cavity locking and only relies on passive stability. We use diode laser technology and several techniques, including dual seeding, to remove the noise introduced by seeding the 4WM process as well as the background noise. Twin-beam intensity-difference squeezing down to frequencies limited only by the mechanical and atmospheric stability of the lab is achieved. These results should enable important low-frequency applications such as direct intensity-difference imaging with bright beams on integrating detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- MENG-CHANG WU
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - BONNIE L. SCHMITTBERGER
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Present Address: Physical Sciences, Nanosystems and Quantum Group, The MITRE Corporation, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - NICHOLAS R. BREWER
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - RORY W. SPEIRS
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - KEVIN M. JONES
- Department of Physics, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - PAUL D. LETT
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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15
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Losero E, Ruo-Berchera I, Meda A, Avella A, Genovese M. Unbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7431. [PMID: 29743618 PMCID: PMC5943371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss measurements are at the base of spectroscopy and imaging, thus permeating all the branches of science, from chemistry and biology to physics and material science. However, quantum mechanics laws set the ultimate limit to the sensitivity, constrained by the probe mean energy. This can be the main source of uncertainty, for example when dealing with delicate systems such as biological samples or photosensitive chemicals. It turns out that ordinary (classical) probe beams, namely with Poissonian photon number distribution, are fundamentally inadequate to measure small losses with the highest sensitivity. It is known that quantum-correlated pair of beams, named “twin-beam state”, allows surpassing this classical limit. Here we demonstrate they can reach the ultimate sensitivity for all energy regimes (even less than one photon per mode) with the simplest measurement strategy. One beam of the pair addresses the sample, while the second one is used as a reference to compensate both for classical drifts and for fluctuation at the most fundamental quantum level. This capability of selfcompensating for unavoidable instability of the sources and detectors allows also to strongly reduce the bias in practical measurement. Moreover, we report the best sensitivity per photon ever achieved in loss estimation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Losero
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy.,DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alice Meda
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Marco Genovese
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy.,INFN Sezione di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy
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16
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Chekhova MV, Germanskiy S, Horoshko DB, Kitaeva GK, Kolobov MI, Leuchs G, Phillips CR, Prudkovskii PA. Broadband bright twin beams and their upconversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:375-378. [PMID: 29400863 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of broadband (40 THz) bright twin beams through high-gain parametric downconversion in an aperiodically poled lithium niobate crystal. The output photon number is shown to scale exponentially with the pump power and not with the pump amplitude, as in homogeneous crystals. Photon number correlations and the number of frequency/temporal modes are assessed by spectral covariance measurements. By using sum-frequency generation on the surface of a non-phase-matched crystal, we measure a cross-correlation peak with the temporal width of 90 fs.
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17
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Spasibko KY, Kopylov DA, Krutyanskiy VL, Murzina TV, Leuchs G, Chekhova MV. Multiphoton Effects Enhanced due to Ultrafast Photon-Number Fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:223603. [PMID: 29286804 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.223603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The rate of an n-photon effect generally scales as the nth order autocorrelation function of the incident light, which is high for light with strong photon-number fluctuations. Therefore, "noisy" light sources are much more efficient for multiphoton effects than coherent sources with the same mean power, pulse duration, and repetition rate. Here we generate optical harmonics of the order of 2-4 from a bright squeezed vacuum, a state of light consisting of only quantum noise with no coherent component. We observe up to 2 orders of magnitude enhancement in the generation of optical harmonics due to ultrafast photon-number fluctuations. This feature is especially important for the nonlinear optics of fragile structures, where the use of a noisy pump can considerably increase the effect without overcoming the damage threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Yu Spasibko
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis A Kopylov
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor L Krutyanskiy
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information ÖAW, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatiana V Murzina
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gerd Leuchs
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria V Chekhova
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Westig M, Kubala B, Parlavecchio O, Mukharsky Y, Altimiras C, Joyez P, Vion D, Roche P, Esteve D, Hofheinz M, Trif M, Simon P, Ankerhold J, Portier F. Emission of Nonclassical Radiation by Inelastic Cooper Pair Tunneling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:137001. [PMID: 29341699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.137001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that a properly dc-biased Josephson junction in series with two microwave resonators of different frequencies emits photon pairs in the resonators. By measuring auto- and intercorrelations of the power leaking out of the resonators, we demonstrate two-mode amplitude squeezing below the classical limit. This nonclassical microwave light emission is found to be in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions, up to an emission rate of 2 billion photon pairs per second.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Westig
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Kubala
- Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and IQST, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - O Parlavecchio
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y Mukharsky
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Altimiras
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Joyez
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Vion
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Roche
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Esteve
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Hofheinz
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Trif
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Simon
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Ankerhold
- Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and IQST, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - F Portier
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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19
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Samantaray N, Ruo-Berchera I, Meda A, Genovese M. Realization of the first sub-shot-noise wide field microscope. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17005. [PMID: 30167268 PMCID: PMC6062230 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several proof of principle experiments have demonstrated the advantages of quantum technologies over classical schemes. The present challenge is to surpass the limits of proof of principle demonstrations to approach real applications. This letter presents such an achievement in the field of quantum enhanced imaging. In particular, we describe the realization of a sub-shot-noise wide field microscope based on spatially multi-mode non-classical photon number correlations in twin beams. The microscope produces realtime images of 8000 pixels at full resolution, for a 500 μm2 field of view, with noise reduced to 80% of the shot noise level (for each pixel), which is suitable for absorption imaging of complex structures. By fast post-elaboration, specifically applying a quantum enhanced median filter, the noise can be further reduced (to <30% of the shot noise level) by setting a trade-off with the resolution, thus achieving the best sensitivity per incident photon reported in absorption microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigam Samantaray
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alice Meda
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Genovese
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
- INFN, Via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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20
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Lemieux S, Manceau M, Sharapova PR, Tikhonova OV, Boyd RW, Leuchs G, Chekhova MV. Engineering the Frequency Spectrum of Bright Squeezed Vacuum via Group Velocity Dispersion in an SU(1,1) Interferometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:183601. [PMID: 27834994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bright squeezed vacuum, a promising tool for quantum information, can be generated by high-gain parametric down-conversion. However, its frequency and angular spectra are typically quite broad, which is undesirable for applications requiring single-mode radiation. We tailor the frequency spectrum of high-gain parametric down-conversion using an SU(1,1) interferometer consisting of two nonlinear crystals with a dispersive medium separating them. The dispersive medium allows us to select a narrow band of the frequency spectrum to be exponentially amplified by high-gain parametric amplification. The frequency spectrum is thereby narrowed from (56.5±0.1) to (1.22±0.02) THz and, in doing so, the number of frequency modes is reduced from approximately 50 to 1.82±0.02. Moreover, this method provides control and flexibility over the spectrum of the generated light through the timing of the pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lemieux
- Department of Physics and Max Planck Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mathieu Manceau
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, G.-Scharowsky Strasse 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Polina R Sharapova
- Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga V Tikhonova
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Robert W Boyd
- Department of Physics and Max Planck Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Gerd Leuchs
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, G.-Scharowsky Strasse 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria V Chekhova
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, G.-Scharowsky Strasse 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Peřina J, Haderka O, Allevi A, Bondani M. Internal dynamics of intense twin beams and their coherence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22320. [PMID: 26924749 PMCID: PMC4770431 DOI: 10.1038/srep22320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of intense twin beams in pump-depleted parametric down-conversion is studied. A generalized parametric approximation is suggested to solve the quantum model. Its comparison with a semiclassical model valid for larger twin-beam intensities confirms its applicability. The experimentally observed maxima in the spectral and spatial intensity auto- and cross- correlation functions depending on pump power are explained in terms of different speeds of the (back-) flow of energy between the individual down-converted modes and the corresponding pump modes. This effect is also responsible for the gradual replacement of the initial exponential growth of the down-converted fields by the linear one. Furthermore, it forms a minimum in the curve giving the effective number of twin-beam modes. These effects manifest a tight relation between the twin-beam coherence and its internal structure, as clearly visible in the model. Multiple maxima in the intensity correlation functions originating in the oscillations of energy flow between the pump and down-converted modes are theoretically predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Peřina
- RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Inst. Phys. CAS, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Haderka
- Institute of Physics CAS, Joint Laboratory of Optics, 17. listopadu 50a, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alessia Allevi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.,CNISM UdR Como, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Maria Bondani
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.,CNISM UdR Como, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
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22
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Lantz E, Denis S, Moreau PA, Devaux F. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in single pairs of images. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:26472-26478. [PMID: 26480160 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.026472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spatially entangled twin photons provide a test of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox in its original form of position (image plane) versus impulsion (Fourier plane). We show that recording a single pair of images in each plane is sufficient to safely demonstrate an EPR paradox. On each pair of images, we have retrieved the fluctuations by subtracting the fitted deterministic intensity shape and then have obtained an intercorrelation peak with a sufficient signal to noise ratio to safely distinguish this peak from random fluctuations. A 95% confidence interval has been determined, confirming a high degree of paradox whatever the considered single pairs. Last, we have verified that the value of the variance of the difference between twin images is always below the quantum (poissonian) limit, in order to ensure the particle character of the demonstration. Our demonstration shows that a single image pattern can reveal the quantum and non-local behavior of light.
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23
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Pérez AM, Spasibko KY, Sharapova PR, Tikhonova OV, Leuchs G, Chekhova MV. Giant narrowband twin-beam generation along the pump-energy propagation direction. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7707. [PMID: 26184987 PMCID: PMC4518286 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Walk-off effects, originating from the difference between the group and phase velocities, limit the efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions. While transverse walk-off can be eliminated by proper medium engineering, longitudinal walk-off is harder to avoid. In particular, ultrafast twin-beam generation via pulsed parametric down-conversion and four-wave mixing is only possible in short crystals or fibres. Here we show that in high-gain parametric down-conversion, one can overcome the destructive role of both effects and even turn them into useful tools for shaping the emission. In our experiment, one of the twin beams is emitted along the pump Poynting vector or its group velocity matches that of the pump. The result is markedly enhanced generation of both twin beams, with the simultaneous narrowing of angular and frequency spectrum. The effect will enable efficient generation of ultrafast twin photons and beams in cavities, waveguides and whispering-gallery mode resonators. Nonlinear interactions such as parametric down-conversion and four-wave mixing are limited by transverse and longitudinal walk-off effects. Here, Pérez et al. demonstrate bright, tunable, diffraction-limited twin-beam radiation by ensuring that signal or idler pulse propagates in the direction or velocity of the pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Pérez
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/Bau 24, Erlangen 91058, Germany.,Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Kirill Yu Spasibko
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/Bau 24, Erlangen 91058, Germany.,Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, Erlangen 91058, Germany.,Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Polina R Sharapova
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga V Tikhonova
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gerd Leuchs
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/Bau 24, Erlangen 91058, Germany.,Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Maria V Chekhova
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/Bau 24, Erlangen 91058, Germany.,Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, Erlangen 91058, Germany.,Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
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24
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Piacentini F, Levi MP, Avella A, López M, Kück S, Polyakov SV, Degiovanni IP, Brida G, Genovese M. Positive operator-valued measure reconstruction of a beam-splitter tree-based photon-number-resolving detector. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1548-1551. [PMID: 25831381 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a reconstruction of the positive operator-value measurement of a photon-number-resolving detector comprised of three 50∶50 beam-splitters in a tree configuration, terminated with four single-photon avalanche detectors. The four detectors' outputs are processed by an electronic board that discriminates detected photon number states from 0 to 4 and implements a "smart counting" routine to compensate for dead time issues at high count rates.
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25
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Genovese M, Adenier G, Calonico D, Degiovanni IP, Micalizio S, Ruo Berchera I, Traina P. Overcoming classical measurement limits through entanglement in photon number: an introduction. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159503011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Lopaeva ED, Ruo Berchera I, Degiovanni IP, Olivares S, Brida G, Genovese M. Experimental realization of quantum illumination. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:153603. [PMID: 25167266 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.153603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the first experimental realization of the quantum illumination protocol proposed by Lloyd [Science 321, 1463 (2008)] and S. Tan et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 253601 (2008)], achieved in a simple feasible experimental scheme based on photon-number correlations. A main achievement of our result is the demonstration of a strong robustness of the quantum protocol to noise and losses that challenges some widespread wisdom about quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Lopaeva
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - S Olivares
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, I-34151 Trieste, Italy and CNISM UdR Milano Statale, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Brida
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - M Genovese
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
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27
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Schneeloch J, Dixon PB, Howland GA, Broadbent CJ, Howell JC. Violation of continuous-variable Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering with discrete measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:130407. [PMID: 23581303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.130407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we derive an entropic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering inequality for continuous-variable systems using only experimentally measured discrete probability distributions and details of the measurement apparatus. We use this inequality to witness EPR steering between the positions and momenta of photon pairs generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We examine the asymmetry between parties in this inequality, and show that this asymmetry can be used to reduce the technical requirements of experimental setups intended to demonstrate the EPR paradox. Furthermore, we develop a more stringent steering inequality that is symmetric between parties, and use it to show that the down-converted photon pairs also exhibit symmetric EPR steering.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Schneeloch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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28
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de Assis PL, Carvalho MAD, Berruezo LP, Ferraz J, Santos IF, Sciarrino F, Pádua S. Control of quantum transverse correlations on a four-photon system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3715-3729. [PMID: 21369197 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Control of spatial quantum correlations in bi-photons is one of the fundamental principles of Quantum Imaging. Up to now, experiments have been restricted to controlling the state of a single bi-photon, by using linear optical elements. In this work we demonstrate experimental control of quantum correlations in a four-photon state comprised of two pairs of photons. Our scheme is based on a high-efficiency parametric downconversion source coupled to a double slit by a variable linear optical setup, in order to obtain spatially encoded qubits. Both entangled and separable pairs have been obtained, by altering experimental parameters. We show how the correlations influence both the interference and diffraction on the double slit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-L de Assis
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 702, 30123-980, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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29
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Brida G, Degiovanni IP, Genovese M, Rastello ML, Ruo-Berchera I. Detection of multimode spatial correlation in PDC and application to the absolute calibration of a CCD camera. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:20572-20584. [PMID: 20940952 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate experimentally a new method based on the spatial entanglement for the absolute calibration of analog detectors. The idea consists on measuring the sub-shot-noise intensity correlation between two branches of parametric down conversion, containing many pairwise correlated spatial modes. We calibrate a scientific CCD camera and a preliminary evaluation of the uncertainty indicates the metrological interest of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Brida
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
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30
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Allevi A, Bondani M, Andreoni A. Photon-number correlations by photon-number resolving detectors. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:1707-1709. [PMID: 20479857 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.001707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that by using pairs of photodetectors endowed with internal gain we are able to quantify the photon-number correlation coefficient between the two components of a pulsed bipartite state in the "mesoscopic" intensity regime (less than 100 mean photons). We compare the performances of hybrid photoemissive detectors to those of multipixel silicon photon counters and demonstrate that the absence of significant noise allows the evaluation of the variance of the distribution of the differences in photon numbers, and hence of the shot-noise level, without any correction.
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