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Al Khafaji MA, Cisowski CM, Jimbrown H, Croke S, Pádua S, Franke-Arnold S. Single-shot characterization of vector beams by generalized measurements. Opt Express 2022; 30:22396-22409. [PMID: 36224938 DOI: 10.1364/oe.458352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vector vortex beams, featuring independent spatial modes in orthogonal polarization components, offer an increase in information density for emerging applications in both classical and quantum communication technology. Recent advances in optical instrumentation have led to the ability of generating and manipulating such beams. Their tomography is generally accomplished by projection measurements to identify polarization as well as spatial modes. In this paper we demonstrate spatially resolved generalized measurements of arbitrary vector vortex beams. We perform positive operator valued measurements (POVMs) in an interferometric setup that characterizes the vector light mode in a single-shot. This offers superior data acquisition speed compared to conventional Stokes tomography techniques, with potential benefits for communication protocols as well as dynamic polarization microscopy of materials.
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De Assis PL, Carvalho MAD, Berruezo LP, Ferraz J, Pádua S. Generation of two pairs of qudits using four photons and a single degree of freedom. Opt Express 2016; 24:30149-30163. [PMID: 28059292 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Qudits, d-level quantum systems, have been shown to provide a better resource for quantum key distribution and other Quantum Information protocols. It is customary to generate photonic qudits using more than one degree of freedom of the same photon. In much the same way, multi-qubit states are generated using only a pair of photons and ingenious ways to manipulate more than one degree of freedom independently. In contrast to such costly implementations in terms of quantum resources, we present the controlled generation of two copies of two-qudit states using four photons and a single degree of freedom, transverse momentum. The degree of entanglement within each pair was inferred by exploiting the availability of two copies of the same state, without the need of a full tomographic reconstruction of the states, and both highly-entangled and separable states were generated. We show theoretically that the set of states obtainable using our setup is very diverse, ranging from maximally entangled states of qudits to separable states.
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Marques B, Matoso AA, Pimenta WM, Gutiérrez-Esparza AJ, Santos MF, Pádua S. Experimental simulation of decoherence in photonics qudits. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16049. [PMID: 26527330 PMCID: PMC4630612 DOI: 10.1038/srep16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally perform the simulation of open quantum dynamics in single-qudit systems. Using a spatial light modulator as a dissipative optical device, we implement dissipative-dynamical maps onto qudits encoded in the transverse momentum of spontaneous parametric down-converted photon pairs. We show a well-controlled technique to prepare entangled qudits states as well as to implement dissipative local measurements; the latter realize two specific dynamics: dephasing and amplitude damping. Our work represents a new analogy-dynamical experiment for simulating an open quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Marques
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, caixa postal 702, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil.,Department of Physics, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A A Matoso
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, caixa postal 702, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
| | - W M Pimenta
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, caixa postal 702, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
| | - A J Gutiérrez-Esparza
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, caixa postal 702, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
| | - M F Santos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, caixa postal 702, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
| | - S Pádua
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, caixa postal 702, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
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Chiuri A, Rosati V, Vallone G, Pádua S, Imai H, Giacomini S, Macchiavello C, Mataloni P. Experimental realization of optimal noise estimation for a general Pauli channel. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:253602. [PMID: 22243073 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.253602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental realization of the optimal estimation protocol for a Pauli noisy channel. The method is based on the generation of 2-qubit Bell states and the introduction of quantum noise in a controlled way on one of the state subsystems. The efficiency of the optimal estimation, achieved by a Bell measurement, is shown to outperform quantum process tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiuri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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de Assis PL, Carvalho MAD, Berruezo LP, Ferraz J, Santos IF, Sciarrino F, Pádua S. Control of quantum transverse correlations on a four-photon system. Opt Express 2011; 19:3715-3729. [PMID: 21369197 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Control of spatial quantum correlations in bi-photons is one of the fundamental principles of Quantum Imaging. Up to now, experiments have been restricted to controlling the state of a single bi-photon, by using linear optical elements. In this work we demonstrate experimental control of quantum correlations in a four-photon state comprised of two pairs of photons. Our scheme is based on a high-efficiency parametric downconversion source coupled to a double slit by a variable linear optical setup, in order to obtain spatially encoded qubits. Both entangled and separable pairs have been obtained, by altering experimental parameters. We show how the correlations influence both the interference and diffraction on the double slit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-L de Assis
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 702, 30123-980, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Pimenta WM, Marques B, Carvalho MAD, Barros MR, Fonseca JG, Ferraz J, Cunha MT, Pádua S. Minimal state tomography of spatial qubits using a spatial light modulator. Opt Express 2010; 18:24423-24433. [PMID: 21164789 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.024423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report minimal quantum state tomography with spatial qubits created by a pair of parametric down converted twin-photons passing through a double-slit. A novel experimental setup is used, which includes a Spatial Light Modulator, as a fundamental tool, to reconstruct the state density matrix. The theory needed to perform a minimal quantum tomography is described. The density matrix is experimentally obtained for the two-qubit photonic states in spatial variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Pimenta
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, caixa postal 702, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG-Brazil
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Neves L, Lima G, Aguirre Gómez JG, Monken CH, Saavedra C, Pádua S. Generation of entangled states of qudits using twin photons. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:100501. [PMID: 15783465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2004] [Revised: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report an experiment to generate entangled states of D-dimensional quantum systems, qudits, by using transverse spatial correlations of two parametric down-converted photons. Apertures with D slits in the arms of the twin photons define the qudit space. By manipulating the pump beam correctly, the twin photons will pass only by symmetrically opposite slits, generating entangled states between these different paths. Experimental results for qudits with D = 4 and 8 are shown. We demonstrate that the generated states are entangled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Neves
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 702, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil
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Abstract
Controlling the pump beam transverse profile in multimode Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, we generate a "localized" two-photon singlet state, in which both photons propagate in the same beam. This type of multiphoton singlet beam may be useful in quantum communication to avoid decoherence. We show that although the photons are part of the same beam, they are never in the same plane-wave mode, which is characterized by spatial antibunching behavior in the plane normal to the propagation direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A T Nogueira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 702, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil.
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9
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Abstract
We consider multimode two-photon interference at a beam splitter by photons created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The resulting interference pattern is shown to depend upon the transverse spatial symmetry of the pump beam. In an experiment, we employ the first-order Hermite-Gaussian modes in order to show that, by manipulating the pump beam, one can control the resulting two-photon interference behavior. We expect these results to play an important role in the engineering of quantum states of light for use in quantum information processing and quantum imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Walborn
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 702, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil.
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De Martini F, Di Giuseppe G, Pádua S. Multiparticle quantum superposition and stimulated entanglement by parity selective amplification of entangled states. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:150401. [PMID: 11580687 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.150401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2000] [Revised: 02/12/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the creation of an entangled multiphoton quantum superposition by quantum injection of entangled 2-photon states into a parity selective parametric amplifier. The information preserving property of the state transformation suggests for these macrostates the name of large qubits. They are ideal objects for investigating the emergence of the classical world in complex quantum systems and have relevant new applications in quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Martini
- Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia, Universitá "La Sapienza," Roma 00185, Italy
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Nogueira WA, Walborn SP, Pádua S, Monken CH. Experimental observation of spatial antibunching of photons. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:4009-4012. [PMID: 11328082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report an interference experiment that shows transverse spatial antibunching of photons. Using collinear parametric down-conversion in a Young-type fourth-order interference setup, we show interference patterns that violate classical Schwarz inequality and should not exist at all in a classical description.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Nogueira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 702, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil
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Ribeiro PH, Pádua S, Barbosa GA. Controlling the degree of visibility of Young's fringes with photon coincidence measurements. Phys Rev A 1994; 49:4176-4179. [PMID: 9910717 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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