1
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Ostermayr TM, Kreuzer C, Englbrecht FS, Gebhard J, Hartmann J, Huebl A, Haffa D, Hilz P, Parodi K, Wenz J, Donovan ME, Dyer G, Gaul E, Gordon J, Martinez M, Mccary E, Spinks M, Tiwari G, Hegelich BM, Schreiber J. Laser-driven x-ray and proton micro-source and application to simultaneous single-shot bi-modal radiographic imaging. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6174. [PMID: 33268784 PMCID: PMC7710721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiographic imaging with x-rays and protons is an omnipresent tool in basic research and applications in industry, material science and medical diagnostics. The information contained in both modalities can often be valuable in principle, but difficult to access simultaneously. Laser-driven solid-density plasma-sources deliver both kinds of radiation, but mostly single modalities have been explored for applications. Their potential for bi-modal radiographic imaging has never been fully realized, due to problems in generating appropriate sources and separating image modalities. Here, we report on the generation of proton and x-ray micro-sources in laser-plasma interactions of the focused Texas Petawatt laser with solid-density, micrometer-sized tungsten needles. We apply them for bi-modal radiographic imaging of biological and technological objects in a single laser shot. Thereby, advantages of laser-driven sources could be enriched beyond their small footprint by embracing their additional unique properties, including the spectral bandwidth, small source size and multi-mode emission. Here the authors show a synchronized single-shot bi-modal x-ray and proton source based on laser-generated plasma. This source can be useful for radiographic and tomographic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ostermayr
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - C Kreuzer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - F S Englbrecht
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - J Gebhard
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - J Hartmann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - A Huebl
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - D Haffa
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - P Hilz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - K Parodi
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - J Wenz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - M E Donovan
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - G Dyer
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - E Gaul
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - J Gordon
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - M Martinez
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - E Mccary
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - M Spinks
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - G Tiwari
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - B M Hegelich
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - J Schreiber
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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2
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Snyder J, Morrison J, Feister S, Frische K, George K, Le M, Orban C, Ngirmang G, Chowdhury E, Roquemore W. Background pressure effects on MeV protons accelerated via relativistically intense laser-plasma interactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18245. [PMID: 33106504 PMCID: PMC7588495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present how chamber background pressure affects energetic proton acceleration from an ultra-intense laser incident on a thin liquid target. A high-repetition-rate (100 Hz), 3.5 mJ laser with peak intensity of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$8 \times 10^{18}\,\text {Wcm}^{-2}$$\end{document}8×1018Wcm-2 impinged on a 450 nm sheet of flowing liquid ethylene glycol. For these parameters, we experimentally demonstrate a threshold in laser-to-proton conversion efficiency at background pressures \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$< 8\,\text {Torr}$$\end{document}<8Torr, wherein the overall energy in ions \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$>1\,\text {MeV}$$\end{document}>1MeV increases by an order of magnitude. Proton acceleration becomes increasingly efficient at lower background pressures and laser-to-proton conversion efficiency approaches a constant as the vacuum pressure decreases. We present two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and a charge neutralization model to support our experimental findings. Our experiment demonstrates that high vacuum is not required for energetic ion acceleration, which relaxes target debris requirements and facilitates applications of high-repetition rate laser-based proton accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Snyder
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Miami University, Hamilton, OH, 45011, USA.
| | - John Morrison
- Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45459, USA
| | - Scott Feister
- Department of Computer Science, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, 93012, USA
| | - Kyle Frische
- Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45459, USA
| | - Kevin George
- Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45459, USA
| | - Manh Le
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Christopher Orban
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gregory Ngirmang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Enam Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Intense Energy Solutions, LLC, Plain City, OH, 43064, USA.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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3
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Characterization of laser-driven proton acceleration from water microdroplets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17169. [PMID: 31748554 PMCID: PMC6868211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a proton acceleration experiment in which high-intensity laser pulses with a wavelength of 0.4 μm and with varying temporal intensity contrast have been used to irradiate water droplets of 20 μm diameter. Such droplets are a reliable and easy-to-implement type of target for proton acceleration experiments with the potential to be used at very high repetition rates. We have investigated the influence of the laser’s angle of incidence by moving the droplet along the laser polarization axis. This position, which is coupled with the angle of incidence, has a crucial impact on the maximum proton energy. Central irradiation leads to an inefficient coupling of the laser energy into hot electrons, resulting in a low maximum proton energy. The introduction of a controlled pre-pulse produces an enhancement of hot electron generation in this geometry and therefore higher proton energies. However, two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations support our experimental results confirming, that even slightly higher proton energies are achieved under grazing laser incidence when no additional pre-plasma is present. Illuminating a droplet under grazing incidence generates a stream of hot electrons that flows along the droplet’s surface due to self-generated electric and magnetic fields and ultimately generates a strong electric field responsible for proton acceleration. The interaction conditions were monitored with the help of an ultra-short optical probe laser, with which the plasma expansion could be observed.
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4
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Ostermayr TM, Gebhard J, Haffa D, Kiefer D, Kreuzer C, Allinger K, Bömer C, Braenzel J, Schnürer M, Cermak I, Schreiber J, Hilz P. A transportable Paul-trap for levitation and accurate positioning of micron-scale particles in vacuum for laser-plasma experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:013302. [PMID: 29390683 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on a Paul-trap system with large access angles that allows positioning of fully isolated micrometer-scale particles with micrometer precision as targets in high-intensity laser-plasma interactions. This paper summarizes theoretical and experimental concepts of the apparatus as well as supporting measurements that were performed for the trapping process of single particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ostermayr
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Gebhard
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Haffa
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Kiefer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Kreuzer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Allinger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Bömer
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - J Braenzel
- Max-Born-Institut, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schnürer
- Max-Born-Institut, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I Cermak
- CGC Instruments, Hübschmannstr. 18, 09112 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - J Schreiber
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Hilz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
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5
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Ostermayr TM, Haffa D, Hilz P, Pauw V, Allinger K, Bamberg KU, Böhl P, Bömer C, Bolton PR, Deutschmann F, Ditmire T, Donovan ME, Dyer G, Gaul E, Gordon J, Hegelich BM, Kiefer D, Klier C, Kreuzer C, Martinez M, McCary E, Meadows AR, Moschüring N, Rösch T, Ruhl H, Spinks M, Wagner C, Schreiber J. Proton acceleration by irradiation of isolated spheres with an intense laser pulse. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:033208. [PMID: 27739766 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.033208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report on experiments irradiating isolated plastic spheres with a peak laser intensity of 2-3×10^{20}Wcm^{-2}. With a laser focal spot size of 10 μm full width half maximum (FWHM) the sphere diameter was varied between 520 nm and 19.3 μm. Maximum proton energies of ∼25 MeV are achieved for targets matching the focal spot size of 10 μm in diameter or being slightly smaller. For smaller spheres the kinetic energy distributions of protons become nonmonotonic, indicating a change in the accelerating mechanism from ambipolar expansion towards a regime dominated by effects caused by Coulomb repulsion of ions. The energy conversion efficiency from laser energy to proton kinetic energy is optimized when the target diameter matches the laser focal spot size with efficiencies reaching the percent level. The change of proton acceleration efficiency with target size can be attributed to the reduced cross-sectional overlap of subfocus targets with the laser. Reported experimental observations are in line with 3D3V particle in cell simulations. They make use of well-defined targets and point out pathways for future applications and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ostermayr
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Haffa
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Hilz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - V Pauw
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - K Allinger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K-U Bamberg
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - P Böhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - C Bömer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P R Bolton
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Deutschmann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - T Ditmire
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M E Donovan
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Dyer
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - E Gaul
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J Gordon
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - B M Hegelich
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - D Kiefer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Klier
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - C Kreuzer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Martinez
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - E McCary
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A R Meadows
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - N Moschüring
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - T Rösch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Ruhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - M Spinks
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - C Wagner
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J Schreiber
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Price CJ, Donnelly TD, Giltrap S, Stuart NH, Parker S, Patankar S, Lowe HF, Drew D, Gumbrell ET, Smith RA. An in-vacuo optical levitation trap for high-intensity laser interaction experiments with isolated microtargets. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:033502. [PMID: 25832224 DOI: 10.1063/1.4908285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design, construction, and characterisation of a new class of in-vacuo optical levitation trap optimised for use in high-intensity, high-energy laser interaction experiments. The system uses a focused, vertically propagating continuous wave laser beam to capture and manipulate micro-targets by photon momentum transfer at much longer working distances than commonly used by optical tweezer systems. A high speed (10 kHz) optical imaging and signal acquisition system was implemented for tracking the levitated droplets position and dynamic behaviour under atmospheric and vacuum conditions, with ±5 μm spatial resolution. Optical trapping of 10 ± 4 μm oil droplets in vacuum was demonstrated, over timescales of >1 h at extended distances of ∼40 mm from the final focusing optic. The stability of the levitated droplet was such that it would stay in alignment with a ∼7 μm irradiating beam focal spot for up to 5 min without the need for re-adjustment. The performance of the trap was assessed in a series of high-intensity (10(17) W cm(-2)) laser experiments that measured the X-ray source size and inferred free-electron temperature of a single isolated droplet target, along with a measurement of the emitted radio-frequency pulse. These initial tests demonstrated the use of optically levitated microdroplets as a robust target platform for further high-intensity laser interaction and point source studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Price
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T D Donnelly
- Department of Physics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - S Giltrap
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N H Stuart
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Parker
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Patankar
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H F Lowe
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Drew
- Radiation Physics, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - E T Gumbrell
- Radiation Physics, AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - R A Smith
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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7
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Costa Fraga RA, Kalinin A, Kühnel M, Hochhaus DC, Schottelius A, Polz J, Kaluza MC, Neumayer P, Grisenti RE. Compact cryogenic source of periodic hydrogen and argon droplet beams for relativistic laser-plasma generation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:025102. [PMID: 22380120 DOI: 10.1063/1.3681940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a cryogenic source of periodic streams of micrometer-sized hydrogen and argon droplets as ideal mass-limited target systems for fundamental intense laser-driven plasma applications. The highly compact design combined with a high temporal and spatial droplet stability makes our injector ideally suited for experiments using state-of-the-art high-power lasers in which a precise synchronization between the laser pulses and the droplets is mandatory. We show this by irradiating argon droplets with multi-terawatt pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Costa Fraga
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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