1
|
Zhang G, Hong C, Alkalay T, Umansky V, Heiblum M, Gornyi I, Gefen Y. Measuring statistics-induced entanglement entropy with a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3428. [PMID: 38654002 PMCID: PMC11039745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite its ubiquity in quantum computation and quantum information, a universally applicable definition of quantum entanglement remains elusive. The challenge is further accentuated when entanglement is associated with other key themes, e.g., quantum interference and quantum statistics. Here, we introduce two novel motifs that characterize the interplay of entanglement and quantum statistics: an 'entanglement pointer' and a 'statistics-induced entanglement entropy'. The two provide a quantitative description of the statistics-induced entanglement: (i) they are finite only in the presence of quantum entanglement underlined by quantum statistics and (ii) their explicit form depends on the quantum statistics of the particles (e.g., fermions, bosons, and anyons). We have experimentally implemented these ideas by employing an electronic Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer fed by two highly diluted electron beams in an integer quantum Hall platform. Performing measurements of auto-correlation and cross-correlation of current fluctuations of the scattered beams (following 'collisions'), we quantify the statistics-induced entanglement by experimentally accessing the entanglement pointer and the statistics-induced entanglement entropy. Our theoretical and experimental approaches pave the way to study entanglement in various correlated platforms, e.g., those involving anyonic Abelian and non-Abelian states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gu Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Changki Hong
- Braun Center for Submicron Research, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomer Alkalay
- Braun Center for Submicron Research, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vladimir Umansky
- Braun Center for Submicron Research, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moty Heiblum
- Braun Center for Submicron Research, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Igor Gornyi
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Yuval Gefen
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dasgupta A, Buret M, Cazier N, Mennemanteuil MM, Chacon R, Hammani K, Weeber JC, Arocas J, Markey L, des Francs GC, Uskov A, Smetanin I, Bouhelier A. Electromigrated electrical optical antennas for transducing electrons and photons at the nanoscale. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:1964-1976. [PMID: 30116688 PMCID: PMC6071726 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Electrically controlled optical metal antennas are an emerging class of nanodevices enabling a bilateral transduction between electrons and photons. At the heart of the device is a tunnel junction that may either emit light upon injection of electrons or generate an electrical current when excited by a light wave. The current study explores a technological route for producing these functional units based upon the electromigration of metal constrictions. Results: We combine multiple nanofabrication steps to realize in-plane tunneling junctions made of two gold electrodes, separated by a sub-nanometer gap acting as the feedgap of an optical antenna. We electrically characterize the transport properties of the junctions in the light of the Fowler-Nordheim representation and the Simmons model for electron tunneling. We demonstrate light emission from the feedgap upon electron injection and show examples of how this nanoscale light source can be coupled to waveguiding structures. Conclusion: Electromigrated in-plane tunneling optical antennas feature interesting properties with their unique functionality enabling interfacing electrons and photons at the atomic scale and with the same device. This technology may open new routes for device-to-device communication and for interconnecting an electronic control layer to a photonic architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Dasgupta
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Mickaël Buret
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Cazier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Maxime Mennemanteuil
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Reinaldo Chacon
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Kamal Hammani
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weeber
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Juan Arocas
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Markey
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Colas des Francs
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Alexander Uskov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky pr. 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 Sankt-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Smetanin
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky pr. 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandre Bouhelier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS-UMR 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crépieux A, Sahoo S, Duong TQ, Zamoum R, Lavagna M. Emission Noise in an Interacting Quantum Dot: Role of Inelastic Scattering and Asymmetric Coupling to the Reservoirs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:107702. [PMID: 29570316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A theory is developed for the emission noise at frequency ν in a quantum dot in the presence of Coulomb interactions and asymmetric couplings to the reservoirs. We give an analytical expression for the noise in terms of the various transmission amplitudes. Including the inelastic scattering contribution, it can be seen as the analog of the Meir-Wingreen formula for the current. A physical interpretation is given on the basis of the transmission of one electron-hole pair to the concerned reservoir where it emits an energy after recombination. We then treat the interactions by solving the self-consistent equations of motion for the Green functions. The results for the noise derivative versus eV show a zero value until eV=hν, followed by a Kondo peak in the Kondo regime, in good agreement with recent measurements in carbon nanotube quantum dots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Crépieux
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT UMR 7332, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Sahoo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC-Pheliqs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - T Q Duong
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT UMR 7332, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - R Zamoum
- Faculté des sciences et des sciences appliquées, Université de Bouira, rue Drissi Yahia, Bouira 10000, Algeria
| | - M Lavagna
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC-Pheliqs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-CNRS, 38042 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Masuda S, Tan KY, Partanen M, Lake RE, Govenius J, Silveri M, Grabert H, Möttönen M. Observation of microwave absorption and emission from incoherent electron tunneling through a normal-metal-insulator-superconductor junction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3966. [PMID: 29500368 PMCID: PMC5834461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally study nanoscale normal-metal–insulator–superconductor junctions coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator. We observe that bias-voltage-controllable single-electron tunneling through the junctions gives rise to a direct conversion between the electrostatic energy and that of microwave photons. The measured power spectral density of the microwave radiation emitted by the resonator exceeds at high bias voltages that of an equivalent single-mode radiation source at 2.5 K although the phonon and electron reservoirs are at subkelvin temperatures. Measurements of the generated power quantitatively agree with a theoretical model in a wide range of bias voltages. Thus, we have developed a microwave source which is compatible with low-temperature electronics and offers convenient in-situ electrical control of the incoherent photon emission rate with a predetermined frequency, without relying on intrinsic voltage fluctuations of heated normal-metal components or suffering from unwanted losses in room temperature cables. Importantly, our observation of negative generated power at relatively low bias voltages provides a novel type of verification of the working principles of the recently discovered quantum-circuit refrigerator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Masuda
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, AALTO, FI-00076, Finland.
| | - Kuan Y Tan
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, AALTO, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Matti Partanen
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, AALTO, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Russell E Lake
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, AALTO, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Joonas Govenius
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, AALTO, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Matti Silveri
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, AALTO, FI-00076, Finland.,Research Unit of Theoretical Physics, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Hermann Grabert
- Department of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mikko Möttönen
- QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, AALTO, FI-00076, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Westig M, Kubala B, Parlavecchio O, Mukharsky Y, Altimiras C, Joyez P, Vion D, Roche P, Esteve D, Hofheinz M, Trif M, Simon P, Ankerhold J, Portier F. Emission of Nonclassical Radiation by Inelastic Cooper Pair Tunneling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:137001. [PMID: 29341699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.137001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that a properly dc-biased Josephson junction in series with two microwave resonators of different frequencies emits photon pairs in the resonators. By measuring auto- and intercorrelations of the power leaking out of the resonators, we demonstrate two-mode amplitude squeezing below the classical limit. This nonclassical microwave light emission is found to be in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions, up to an emission rate of 2 billion photon pairs per second.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Westig
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Kubala
- Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and IQST, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - O Parlavecchio
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y Mukharsky
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Altimiras
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Joyez
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Vion
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Roche
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Esteve
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Hofheinz
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Trif
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Simon
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Ankerhold
- Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and IQST, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - F Portier
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Towards Noise Simulation in Interacting Nonequilibrium Systems Strongly Coupled to Baths. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9735. [PMID: 28851909 PMCID: PMC5574948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in experimental techniques at nanoscale makes measurements of noise in molecular junctions possible. These data are important source of information not accessible through average flux measurements. The emergence of optoelectronics, the recently shown possibility of strong light-matter couplings, and developments in the field of quantum thermodynamics are making measurements of transport statistics even more important. Theoretical methods for noise evaluation in first principles simulations can be roughly divided into approaches for weak intra-system interactions, and those treating strong interactions for systems weakly coupled to baths. We argue that due to structure of its diagrammatic expansion, and the use of many-body states as a basis of its formulation, the recently introduced nonequilibrium diagrammatic technique for Hubbard Green functions is a relatively inexpensive method suitable for evaluation of noise characteristics in first principles simulations over a wide range of parameters. We illustrate viability of the approach by simulations of noise and noise spectrum within generic models for non-, weakly and strongly interacting systems. Results of the simulations are compared to exact data (where available) and to simulations performed within approaches best suited for each of the three parameter regimes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Galperin M. Photonics and spectroscopy in nanojunctions: a theoretical insight. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4000-4019. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Green function methods for photonics and spectroscopy in nanojunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Galperin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gaury B, Weston J, Waintal X. The a.c. Josephson effect without superconductivity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6524. [PMID: 25765929 PMCID: PMC4382700 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconductivity derives its most salient features from the coherence of the associated macroscopic wave function. The related physical phenomena have now moved from exotic subjects to fundamental building blocks for quantum circuits such as qubits or single photonic modes. Here we predict that the a.c. Josephson effect—which transforms a d.c. voltage Vb into an oscillating signal cos (2eVbt/ħ)—has a mesoscopic counterpart in normal conductors. We show that when a d.c. voltage Vb is applied to an electronic interferometer, there exists a universal transient regime where the current oscillates at frequency eVb/h. This effect is not limited by a superconducting gap and could, in principle, be used to produce tunable a.c. signals in the elusive 0.1–10-THz ‘terahertz gap’. Most of the peculiar effects resulting from superconductivity have counterparts in nonsuperconducting nanoelectronic devices, but not yet in the a.c. Josephson effect. Here, the authors propose how to generate a transient version of this phenomenon in a normal conductor by abruptly changing the bias voltage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Gaury
- 1] Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPSMS, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] CEA, INAC-SPSMS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joseph Weston
- 1] Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPSMS, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] CEA, INAC-SPSMS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Waintal
- 1] Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPSMS, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] CEA, INAC-SPSMS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Detecting noise with shot noise using on-chip photon detector. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6130. [PMID: 25625934 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-frequency radiation emitted by a quantum conductor presents a rising interest in quantum physics and condensed matter. However, its detection with microwave circuits is challenging. Here, we propose to use the photon-assisted shot noise for on-chip radiation detection. It is based on the low-frequency current noise generated by the partitioning of photon-excited electrons and holes, which are scattered inside the conductor. For a given electromagnetic coupling to the radiation, the photon-assisted shot noise response is shown to be independent on the nature and geometry of the quantum conductor used for the detection, up to a Fano factor, characterizing the type of scattering mechanism. Ordered in temperature or frequency range, from few tens of mK or GHz to several hundred of K or THz respectively, a wide variety of conductors can be used like Quantum Point Contacts (this work), diffusive metallic or semi-conducting films, graphene, carbon nanotubes and even molecule, opening new experimental opportunities in quantum physics.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu F, Holmqvist C, Belzig W. Overbias light emission due to higher-order quantum noise in a tunnel junction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:066801. [PMID: 25148342 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.066801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding tunneling from an atomically sharp tip to a metallic surface requires us to account for interactions on a nanoscopic scale. Inelastic tunneling of electrons generates emission of photons, whose energies intuitively should be limited by the applied bias voltage. However, experiments [G. Schull et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 057401 (2009) indicate that more complex processes involving the interaction of electrons with plasmon polaritons lead to photon emission characterized by overbias energies. We propose a model of this observation in analogy to the dynamical Coulomb blockade, originally developed for treating the electronic environment in mesoscopic circuits. We explain the experimental finding quantitatively by the correlated tunneling of two electrons interacting with a LRC circuit modeling the local plasmon-polariton mode. To explain the overbias emission, the non-Gaussian statistics of the tunneling dynamics of the electrons is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Xu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - C Holmqvist
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - W Belzig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Noise intensity-intensity correlations and the fourth cumulant of photo-assisted shot noise. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2869. [PMID: 24100407 PMCID: PMC3792424 DOI: 10.1038/srep02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the measurement of the fourth cumulant of current fluctuations in a tunnel junction under both dc and ac (microwave) excitation. This probes the non-Gaussian character of photo-assisted shot noise. Our measurement reveals the existence of correlations between noise power measured at two different frequencies, which corresponds to two-mode intensity correlations in optics. We observe positive correlations, i.e. photon bunching, which exist only for certain relations between the excitation frequency and the two detection frequencies, depending on the dc bias of the sample.
Collapse
|
12
|
Genway S, Garrahan JP, Lesanovsky I, Armour AD. Phase transitions in trajectories of a superconducting single-electron transistor coupled to a resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:051122. [PMID: 23004718 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the study of dynamical phase transitions has been made with a large-deviation approach to study trajectories of stochastic jumps using a thermodynamic formalism. We study this method applied to an open quantum system consisting of a superconducting single-electron transistor, near the Josephson quasiparticle resonance, coupled to a resonator. We find that the dynamical behavior shown in rare trajectories can be rich even when the mean dynamical activity is small, and thus the formalism gives insights into the form of fluctuations. The structure of the dynamical phase diagram found from the quantum-jump trajectories of the resonator is studied, and we see that sharp transitions in the dynamical activity may be related to the appearance and disappearance of bistabilities in the state of the resonator as system parameters are changed. We also demonstrate that for a fast resonator, the trajectories of quasiparticles are similar to the resonator trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Genway
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Filippone M, Le Hur K, Mora C. Giant charge relaxation resistance in the Anderson model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:176601. [PMID: 22107549 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.176601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamical charge response of the Anderson model viewed as a quantum RC circuit. Applying a low-energy effective Fermi liquid theory, a generalized Korringa-Shiba formula is derived at zero temperature, and the charge relaxation resistance is expressed solely in terms of static susceptibilities which are accessible by Bethe ansatz. We identify a giant charge relaxation resistance at intermediate magnetic fields related to the destruction of the Kondo singlet. The scaling properties of this peak are computed analytically in the Kondo regime. We also show that the resistance peak fades away at the particle-hole symmetric point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Filippone
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris 7 Diderot, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parmentier FD, Mahé A, Denis A, Berroir JM, Glattli DC, Plaçais B, Fève G. A high sensitivity ultralow temperature RF conductance and noise measurement setup. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:013904. [PMID: 21280842 DOI: 10.1063/1.3518945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of a high sensitivity RF noise measurement scheme to study small current fluctuations of mesoscopic systems at milli-Kelvin temperatures. The setup relies on the combination of an interferometric amplification scheme and a quarter-wave impedance transformer, allowing the measurement of noise power spectral densities with gigahertz bandwidth up to five orders of magnitude below the amplifier noise floor. We simultaneously measure the high frequency conductance of the sample by derivating a portion of the signal to a microwave homodyne detection. We describe the principle of the setup, as well as its implementation and calibration. Finally, we show that our setup allows to fully characterize a subnanosecond on-demand single electron source. More generally, its sensitivity and bandwidth make it suitable for applications manipulating single charges at GHz frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F D Parmentier
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, UMR, Université P. et M. Curie, Université D. Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bednorz A, Belzig W. Quasiprobabilistic interpretation of weak measurements in mesoscopic junctions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:106803. [PMID: 20867538 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The impossibility of measuring noncommuting quantum mechanical observables is one of the most fascinating consequences of the quantum mechanical postulates. Hence, to date the investigation of quantum measurement and projection is a fundamentally interesting topic. We propose to test the concept of weak measurement of noncommuting observables in mesoscopic transport experiments, using a quasiprobabilistic description. We derive an inequality for current correlators, which is satisfied by every classical probability but violated by high-frequency fourth-order cumulants in the quantum regime for experimentally feasible parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bednorz
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|