1
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Zeybek Z, Mukherjee R, Schmelcher P. Quantum Phases from Competing Van der Waals and Dipole-Dipole Interactions of Rydberg Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:203003. [PMID: 38039461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Competing short- and long-range interactions represent distinguished ingredients for the formation of complex quantum many-body phases. Their study is hard to realize with conventional quantum simulators. In this regard, Rydberg atoms provide an exception as their excited manifold of states have both density-density and exchange interactions whose strength and range can vary considerably. Focusing on one-dimensional systems, we leverage the Van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions of the Rydberg atoms to obtain the zero-temperature phase diagram for a uniform chain and a dimer model. For the uniform chain, we can influence the boundaries between ordered phases and a Luttinger liquid phase. For the dimerized case, a new type of bond-order-density-wave phase is identified. This demonstrates the versatility of the Rydberg platform in studying physics involving short- and long-ranged interactions simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Zeybek
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rick Mukherjee
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmelcher
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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O'Rourke MJ, Chan GKL. Entanglement in the quantum phases of an unfrustrated Rydberg atom array. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5397. [PMID: 37669950 PMCID: PMC10480489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental advances have stimulated interest in the use of large, two-dimensional arrays of Rydberg atoms as a platform for quantum information processing and to study exotic many-body quantum states. However, the native long-range interactions between the atoms complicate experimental analysis and precise theoretical understanding of these systems. Here we use new tensor network algorithms capable of including all long-range interactions to study the ground state phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a geometrically unfrustrated square lattice array. We find a greatly altered phase diagram from earlier numerical and experimental studies, revealed by studying the phases on the bulk lattice and their analogs in experiment-sized finite arrays. We further describe a previously unknown region with a nematic phase stabilized by short-range entanglement and an order from disorder mechanism. Broadly our results yield a conceptual guide for future experiments, while our techniques provide a blueprint for converging numerical studies in other lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J O'Rourke
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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3
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Kazemi J, Weimer H. Driven-Dissipative Rydberg Blockade in Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:163601. [PMID: 37154665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.163601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
While dissipative Rydberg gases exhibit unique possibilities to tune dissipation and interaction properties, very little is known about the quantum many-body physics of such long-range interacting open quantum systems. We theoretically analyze the steady state of a van der Waals interacting Rydberg gas in an optical lattice based on a variational treatment that also includes long-range correlations necessary to describe the physics of the Rydberg blockade, i.e., the inhibition of neighboring Rydberg excitations by strong interactions. In contrast to the ground state phase diagram, we find that the steady state undergoes a single first order phase transition from a blockaded Rydberg gas to a facilitation phase where the blockade is lifted. The first order line terminates in a critical point when including sufficiently strong dephasing, enabling a highly promising route to study dissipative criticality in these systems. In some regimes, we also find good quantitative agreement of the phase boundaries with previously employed short-range models, however, with the actual steady states exhibiting strikingly different behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Kazemi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hendrik Weimer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36 EW 7-1, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Torlai G, Timar B, van Nieuwenburg EPL, Levine H, Omran A, Keesling A, Bernien H, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin MD, Melko RG, Endres M. Integrating Neural Networks with a Quantum Simulator for State Reconstruction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:230504. [PMID: 31868463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.230504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate quantum many-body state reconstruction from experimental data generated by a programmable quantum simulator by means of a neural-network model incorporating known experimental errors. Specifically, we extract restricted Boltzmann machine wave functions from data produced by a Rydberg quantum simulator with eight and nine atoms in a single measurement basis and apply a novel regularization technique to mitigate the effects of measurement errors in the training data. Reconstructions of modest complexity are able to capture one- and two-body observables not accessible to experimentalists, as well as more sophisticated observables such as the Rényi mutual information. Our results open the door to integration of machine learning architectures with intermediate-scale quantum hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Torlai
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Brian Timar
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Evert P L van Nieuwenburg
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Harry Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ahmed Omran
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Keesling
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Roger G Melko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Manuel Endres
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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5
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Ahlefeldt RL, Hush MR, Sellars MJ. Ultranarrow Optical Inhomogeneous Linewidth in a Stoichiometric Rare-Earth Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:250504. [PMID: 28036212 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.250504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We obtain a low optical inhomogeneous linewidth of 25 MHz in the stoichiometric rare-earth crystal EuCl_{3}·6H_{2}O by isotopically purifying the crystal in ^{35}Cl. With this linewidth, an important limit for stoichiometric rare-earth crystals is surpassed: the hyperfine structure of ^{153}Eu is spectrally resolved, allowing the whole population of ^{153}Eu^{3+} ions to be prepared in the same hyperfine state using hole-burning techniques. This material also has a very high optical density, and can have long coherence times when deuterated. This combination of properties offers new prospects for quantum information applications. We consider two of these: quantum memories and quantum many-body studies. We detail the improvements in the performance of current memory protocols possible in these high optical depth crystals, and describe how certain memory protocols, such as off-resonant Raman memories, can be implemented for the first time in a solid-state system. We explain how the strong excitation-induced interactions observed in this material resemble those seen in Rydberg systems, and describe how these interactions can lead to quantum many-body states that could be observed using standard optical spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Ahlefeldt
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - M R Hush
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra 2600, Australia
| | - M J Sellars
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
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6
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Lan Z, Minář J, Levi E, Li W, Lesanovsky I. Emergent Devil's Staircase without Particle-Hole Symmetry in Rydberg Quantum Gases with Competing Attractive and Repulsive Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:203001. [PMID: 26613435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The devil's staircase is a fractal structure that characterizes the ground state of one-dimensional classical lattice gases with long-range repulsive convex interactions. Its plateaus mark regions of stability for specific filling fractions which are controlled by a chemical potential. Typically, such a staircase has an explicit particle-hole symmetry; i.e., the staircase at more than half filling can be trivially extracted from the one at less than half filling by exchanging the roles of holes and particles. Here, we introduce a quantum spin chain with competing short-range attractive and long-range repulsive interactions, i.e., a nonconvex potential. In the classical limit the ground state features generalized Wigner crystals that--depending on the filling fraction--are composed of either dimer particles or dimer holes, which results in an emergent complete devil's staircase without explicit particle-hole symmetry of the underlying microscopic model. In our system the particle-hole symmetry is lifted due to the fact that the staircase is controlled through a two-body interaction rather than a one-body chemical potential. The introduction of quantum fluctuations through a transverse field melts the staircase and ultimately makes the system enter a paramagnetic phase. For intermediate transverse field strengths, however, we identify a region where the density-density correlations suggest the emergence of quasi-long-range order. We discuss how this physics can be explored with Rydberg-dressed atoms held in a lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Lan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Minář
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Levi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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7
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Schauss P, Zeiher J, Fukuhara T, Hild S, Cheneau M, Macri T, Pohl T, Bloch I, Gross C. Crystallization in Ising quantum magnets. Science 2015; 347:1455-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1258351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Petrosyan D, Mølmer K. Binding potentials and interaction gates between microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:123003. [PMID: 25279625 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.123003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate finite range binding potentials between pairs of Rydberg atoms interacting with each other via attractive and repulsive van der Waals potentials and driven by a microwave field. We show that, using destructive quantum interference to cancel single-atom Rydberg excitation, the Rydberg-dimer states can be selectively and coherently populated from the two-atom ground state. This can be used to realize a two-qubit interaction gate which is not susceptible to mechanical forces between the atoms and is therefore immune to motional decoherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Petrosyan
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Klaus Mølmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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9
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Shukrinov YM, Botha AE, Medvedeva SY, Kolahchi MR, Irie A. Structured chaos in a devil's staircase of the Josephson junction. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2014; 24:033115. [PMID: 25273195 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The phase dynamics of Josephson junctions (JJs) under external electromagnetic radiation is studied through numerical simulations. Current-voltage characteristics, Lyapunov exponents, and Poincaré sections are analyzed in detail. It is found that the subharmonic Shapiro steps at certain parameters are separated by structured chaotic windows. By performing a linear regression on the linear part of the data, a fractal dimension of D = 0.868 is obtained, with an uncertainty of ±0.012. The chaotic regions exhibit scaling similarity, and it is shown that the devil's staircase of the system can form a backbone that unifies and explains the highly correlated and structured chaotic behavior. These features suggest a system possessing multiple complete devil's staircases. The onset of chaos for subharmonic steps occurs through the Feigenbaum period doubling scenario. Universality in the sequence of periodic windows is also demonstrated. Finally, the influence of the radiation and JJ parameters on the structured chaos is investigated, and it is concluded that the structured chaos is a stable formation over a wide range of parameter values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A E Botha
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida Park 1710, South Africa
| | | | - M R Kolahchi
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, Iran
| | - A Irie
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Japan
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10
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Schempp H, Günter G, Robert-de-Saint-Vincent M, Hofmann CS, Breyel D, Komnik A, Schönleber DW, Gärttner M, Evers J, Whitlock S, Weidemüller M. Full counting statistics of laser excited Rydberg aggregates in a one-dimensional geometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:013002. [PMID: 24483893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the full counting statistics of few-body Rydberg aggregates excited from a quasi-one-dimensional atomic gas. We measure asymmetric excitation spectra and increased second and third order statistical moments of the Rydberg number distribution, from which we determine the average aggregate size. Estimating rates for different excitation processes we conclude that the aggregates grow sequentially around an initial grain. Direct comparison with numerical simulations confirms this conclusion and reveals the presence of liquidlike spatial correlations. Our findings demonstrate the importance of dephasing in strongly correlated Rydberg gases and introduce a way to study spatial correlations in interacting many-body quantum systems without imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schempp
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Günter
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - C S Hofmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Breyel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Komnik
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D W Schönleber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Gärttner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Evers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Whitlock
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Lesanovsky I, Garrahan JP. Kinetic constraints, hierarchical relaxation, and onset of glassiness in strongly interacting and dissipative Rydberg gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:215305. [PMID: 24313500 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.215305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We show that the dynamics of a laser driven Rydberg gas in the limit of strong dephasing is described by a master equation with manifest kinetic constraints. The equilibrium state of the system is uncorrelated but the constraints in the dynamics lead to spatially correlated collective relaxation reminiscent of glasses. We study and quantify the evolution towards equilibrium in one and two dimensions, and analyze how the degree of glassiness and the relaxation time are controlled by the interaction strength between Rydberg atoms. We also find that spontaneous decay of Rydberg excitations leads to an interruption of glassy relaxation that takes the system to a highly correlated nonequilibrium stationary state. The results presented here, which are in principle also applicable to other systems such as polar molecules and atoms with large magnetic dipole moments, show that the collective behavior of cold atomic and molecular ensembles can be similar to that found in soft condensed-matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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12
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Carr AW, Saffman M. Preparation of entangled and antiferromagnetic states by dissipative Rydberg pumping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:033607. [PMID: 23909322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.033607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze an approach for preparation of high fidelity entanglement and antiferromagnetic states using Rydberg mediated interactions with dissipation. Using asymmetric Rydberg interactions the two-atom Bell singlet is a dark state of the Rydberg pumping process. Master equation simulations demonstrate Bell singlet preparation fidelity F=0.998. Antiferromagnetic states are generated on a four-spin plaquette in agreement with results found from diagonalization of the transverse field Ising Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Carr
- Department of Physics, 1150 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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13
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Li W, Ates C, Lesanovsky I. Nonadiabatic motional effects and dissipative blockade for Rydberg atoms excited from optical lattices or microtraps. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:213005. [PMID: 23745868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.213005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The laser excitation of Rydberg atoms in ultracold gases is often described assuming that the atomic motion is frozen during the excitation time. We show that this frozen gas approximation can break down for atoms that are held in optical lattices or microtraps. In particular, we show that the excitation dynamics is in general strongly affected by mechanical forces among the Rydberg atoms as well as the spread of the atomic wave packet in the confining potential. This causes decoherence in the excitation dynamics-resulting in a dissipative blockade effect-that renders the Rydberg excitation inefficient even in the antiblockade regime. For a strongly off-resonant laser excitation-usually considered in the context of Rydberg dressing-these motional effects compromise the applicability of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. In particular, our results indicate that they can also lead to decoherence in the dressing regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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14
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Olmos B, Yu D, Singh Y, Schreck F, Bongs K, Lesanovsky I. Long-range interacting many-body systems with alkaline-earth-metal atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:143602. [PMID: 25166986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline-earth-metal atoms can exhibit long-range dipolar interactions, which are generated via the coherent exchange of photons on the (3)P(0) - (3)D(1) transition of the triplet manifold. In the case of bosonic strontium, which we discuss here, this transition has a wavelength of 2.6 μm and a dipole moment of 4.03 D, and there exists a magic wavelength permitting the creation of optical lattices that are identical for the states (3)P(0) and (3)D(1). This interaction enables the realization and study of mixtures of hard-core lattice bosons featuring long-range hopping, with tunable disorder and anisotropy. We derive the many-body master equation, investigate the dynamics of excitation transport, and analyze spectroscopic signatures stemming from coherent long-range interactions and collective dissipation. Our results show that lattice gases of alkaline-earth-metal atoms permit the creation of long-lived collective atomic states and constitute a simple and versatile platform for the exploration of many-body systems with long-range interactions. As such, they represent an alternative to current related efforts employing Rydberg gases, atoms with large magnetic moment, or polar molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olmos
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D Yu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Y Singh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - F Schreck
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bongs
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - I Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhang XF, Sun Q, Wen YC, Liu WM, Eggert S, Ji AC. Rydberg polaritons in a cavity: a superradiant solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:090402. [PMID: 23496692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.090402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study an optical cavity coupled to a lattice of Rydberg atoms, which can be represented by a generalized Dicke model. We show that the competition between the atom-atom interaction and atom-light coupling induces a rich phase diagram. A novel superradiant solid (SRS) phase is found, where both the superradiance and crystalline orders coexist. Different from the normal second order superradiance transition, here both the solid-1/2 and SRS to SR phase transitions are first order. These results are confirmed by large scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhang
- Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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16
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Lemeshko M, Krems RV, Weimer H. Nonadiabatic preparation of spin crystals with ultracold polar molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:035301. [PMID: 22861865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.035301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study the growth dynamics of ordered structures of strongly interacting polar molecules in optical lattices. Using a dipole blockade of microwave excitations, we map the system onto an interacting spin-1/2 model possessing ground states with crystalline order, and describe a way to prepare these states by nonadiabatically driving the transitions between molecular rotational levels. The proposed technique bypasses the need to cross a phase transition and allows for the creation of ordered domains of considerably larger size compared to approaches relying on adiabatic preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lemeshko
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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17
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Bauer M, Parish MM. Dipolar gases in coupled one-dimensional lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:255302. [PMID: 23004615 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.255302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We consider dipolar bosons in two tubes of one-dimensional lattices, where the dipoles are aligned to be maximally repulsive and the particle filling fraction is the same in each tube. In the classical limit of zero intersite hopping, the particles arrange themselves into an ordered crystal for any rational filling fraction, forming a complete devil's staircase like in the single tube case. Turning on hopping within each tube then gives rise to a competition between the crystalline Mott phases and a liquid of defects or solitons. However, for the two-tube case, we find that solitons from different tubes can bind into pairs for certain topologies of the filling fraction. This provides an intriguing example of pairing that is purely driven by correlations close to a Mott insulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Bauer
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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18
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Weimer H, Yao NY, Laumann CR, Lukin MD. Long-range quantum gates using dipolar crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:100501. [PMID: 22463396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose the use of dipolar spin chains to enable long-range quantum logic between distant qubits. In our approach, an effective interaction between remote qubits is achieved by adiabatically following the ground state of the dipolar chain across the paramagnet to crystal phase transition. We demonstrate that the proposed quantum gate is particularly robust against disorder and derive scaling relations, showing that high-fidelity qubit coupling is possible in the presence of realistic imperfections. Possible experimental implementations in systems ranging from ultracold Rydberg atoms to arrays of nitrogen vacancy defect centers in diamond are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Weimer
- Physics Department, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Petrosyan D, Otterbach J, Fleischhauer M. Electromagnetically induced transparency with Rydberg atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:213601. [PMID: 22181878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory of electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. Long-range interactions between the atoms constrain the medium to behave as a collection of superatoms, each comprising a blockade volume that can accommodate at most one Rydberg excitation. The propagation of a probe field is affected by its two-photon correlations within the blockade distance, which are strongly damped due to low saturation threshold of the superatoms. Our model is computationally very efficient and is in quantitative agreement with the results of the recent experiment of Pritchard et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 193603 (2010)].
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Affiliation(s)
- David Petrosyan
- Fachbereich Physik und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Ji S, Ates C, Lesanovsky I. Two-dimensional Rydberg gases and the quantum hard-squares model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:060406. [PMID: 21902304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study a two-dimensional lattice gas of atoms that are photoexcited to Rydberg states in which they interact via the van der Waals interaction. We explore the regime of dominant nearest-neighbor interaction where this system is intimately connected with a quantum version of Baxter's hard-squares model. We show that the strongly correlated ground state of the Rydberg gas can be analytically described by a projected entangled pair state that constitutes the ground state of the quantum hard-squares model. This correspondence allows us to identify a phase boundary where the Rydberg gas undergoes a transition from a disordered (liquid) phase to an ordered (solid) phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ji
- Midlands Ultracold Atom Research Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Lesanovsky I. Many-body spin interactions and the ground state of a dense Rydberg lattice gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:025301. [PMID: 21405236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.025301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study a one-dimensional atomic lattice gas in which Rydberg atoms are excited by a laser and whose external dynamics is frozen. We identify a parameter regime in which the Hamiltonian is well approximated by a spin Hamiltonian with quasilocal many-body interactions which possesses an exact analytic ground state solution. This state is a superposition of all states of the system that are compatible with an interaction induced constraint weighted by a fugacity. We perform a detailed analysis of this state which exhibits a crossover between a paramagnetic phase with short-ranged correlations and a crystal. This study also leads us to a class of spin models with many-body interactions that permit an analytic ground state solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lesanovsky
- Midlands Ultracold Atom Research Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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