1
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Fletcher LB, Levitan AL, McBride EE, Kim JB, Alves EP, Aquila A, Frost M, Goede S, King G, Lane TJ, Liang M, MacDonald MJ, Ofori-Okai BK, Schönwälder C, Sun P, Hastings JB, Boutet S, Glenzer SH. X-ray diffraction of metastable structures from supercooled liquid hydrogen. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17283. [PMID: 39068229 PMCID: PMC11283507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
We report time resolved observations of the crystallization from liquid hydrogen, supercooled to temperatures below the melting point, using 11.2 keV X-ray diffraction from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Changes to the metastable solid and liquid structure factors have been dynamically measured. This allows for a direct determination of the lowest energy crystal polymorphs, the stacking probabilities, as well as the liquid and solid densities and temperatures. Such measurements provide experimental evidence of an Arrhenius-like growth kinetics along the stacking direction during supercooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Abraham L Levitan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Emma E McBride
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Eduardo P Alves
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Andrew Aquila
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mungo Frost
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian Goede
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- European XFEL GmbH, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Grace King
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas J Lane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mengning Liang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Michael J MacDonald
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | | | - Christopher Schönwälder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peihao Sun
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Sebastien Boutet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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2
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Möller J, Schottelius A, Caresana M, Boesenberg U, Kim C, Dallari F, Ezquerra TA, Fernández JM, Gelisio L, Glaesener A, Goy C, Hallmann J, Kalinin A, Kurta RP, Lapkin D, Lehmkühler F, Mambretti F, Scholz M, Shayduk R, Trinter F, Vartaniants IA, Zozulya A, Galli DE, Grübel G, Madsen A, Caupin F, Grisenti RE. Crystal Nucleation in Supercooled Atomic Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:206102. [PMID: 38829060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.206102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The liquid-to-solid phase transition is a complex process that is difficult to investigate experimentally with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. A key aspect of the transition is the formation of a critical seed of the crystalline phase in a supercooled liquid, that is, a liquid in a metastable state below the melting temperature. This stochastic process is commonly described within the framework of classical nucleation theory, but accurate tests of the theory in atomic and molecular liquids are challenging. Here, we employ femtosecond x-ray diffraction from microscopic liquid jets to study crystal nucleation in supercooled liquids of the rare gases argon and krypton. Our results provide stringent limits to the validity of classical nucleation theory in atomic liquids, and offer the long-sought possibility of testing nonclassical extensions of the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Möller
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Schottelius
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michele Caresana
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Boesenberg
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Chan Kim
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Macromolecular Physics Department, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Gelisio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Glaesener
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Goy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Hallmann
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Anton Kalinin
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ruslan P Kurta
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Mambretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Markus Scholz
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Roman Shayduk
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexey Zozulya
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Davide E Galli
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Frédéric Caupin
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Robert E Grisenti
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Colin S, Fernández JM, Barrot C, Baldas L, Bajić S, Rojas-Cárdenas M. Review of Optical Thermometry Techniques for Flows at the Microscale towards Their Applicability to Gas Microflows. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1819. [PMID: 36363841 PMCID: PMC9694003 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermometry techniques have been widely developed during the last decades to analyze thermal properties of various fluid flows. Following the increasing interest for microfluidic applications, most of these techniques have been adapted to the microscale and some new experimental approaches have emerged. In the last years, the need for a detailed experimental analysis of gaseous microflows has drastically grown due to a variety of exciting new applications. Unfortunately, thermometry is not yet well developed for analyzing gas flows at the microscale. Thus, the present review aims at analyzing the main currently available thermometry techniques adapted to microflows. Following a rapid presentation and classification of these techniques, the review is focused on optical techniques, which are the most suited for application at microscale. Their presentation is followed by a discussion about their applicability to gas microflows, especially in confined conditions, and the current challenges to be overcome are presented. A special place is dedicated to Raman and molecular tagging thermometry techniques due to their high potential and low intrusiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Colin
- Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INSA-ISAE-Mines Albi-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Fédération de recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - José M. Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia IEM-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Barrot
- Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INSA-ISAE-Mines Albi-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Fédération de recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Lucien Baldas
- Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INSA-ISAE-Mines Albi-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Fédération de recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Slaven Bajić
- Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INSA-ISAE-Mines Albi-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Fédération de recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Marcos Rojas-Cárdenas
- Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INSA-ISAE-Mines Albi-UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Fédération de recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
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4
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Bernert C, Assenbaum S, Brack FE, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Garten M, Gaus L, Gauthier M, Göde S, Goethel I, Glenzer SH, Kluge T, Kraft S, Kroll F, Kuntzsch M, Metzkes-Ng J, Loeser M, Obst-Huebl L, Rehwald M, Schlenvoigt HP, Schoenwaelder C, Schramm U, Siebold M, Treffert F, Ziegler T, Zeil K. Off-harmonic optical probing of high intensity laser plasma expansion dynamics in solid density hydrogen jets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7287. [PMID: 35508489 PMCID: PMC9068928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the non-linear nature of relativistic laser induced plasma processes, the development of laser-plasma accelerators requires precise numerical modeling. Especially high intensity laser-solid interactions are sensitive to the temporal laser rising edge and the predictive capability of simulations suffers from incomplete information on the plasma state at the onset of the relativistic interaction. Experimental diagnostics utilizing ultra-fast optical backlighters can help to ease this challenge by providing temporally resolved inside into the plasma density evolution. We present the successful implementation of an off-harmonic optical probe laser setup to investigate the interaction of a high-intensity laser at [Formula: see text] peak intensity with a solid-density cylindrical cryogenic hydrogen jet target of [Formula: see text] diameter as a target test bed. The temporal synchronization of pump and probe laser, spectral filtering and spectrally resolved data of the parasitic plasma self-emission are discussed. The probing technique mitigates detector saturation by self-emission and allowed to record a temporal scan of shadowgraphy data revealing details of the target ionization and expansion dynamics that were so far not accessible for the given laser intensity. Plasma expansion speeds of up to [Formula: see text] followed by full target transparency at [Formula: see text] after the high intensity laser peak are observed. A three dimensional particle-in-cell simulation initiated with the diagnosed target pre-expansion at [Formula: see text] and post processed by ray tracing simulations supports the experimental observations and demonstrates the capability of time resolved optical diagnostics to provide quantitative input and feedback to the numerical treatment within the time frame of the relativistic laser-plasma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan Assenbaum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Marco Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Ilja Goethel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Christopher Schoenwaelder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Siebold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Treffert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Crystallization kinetics of atomic crystals revealed by a single-shot and single-particle X-ray diffraction experiment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111747118. [PMID: 34921116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111747118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallization is a fundamental natural phenomenon and the ubiquitous physical process in materials science for the design of new materials. So far, experimental observations of the structural dynamics in crystallization have been mostly restricted to slow dynamics. We present here an exclusive way to explore the dynamics of crystallization in highly controlled conditions (i.e., in the absence of impurities acting as seeds of the crystallites) as it occurs in vacuum. We have measured the early formation stage of solid Xe nanoparticles nucleated in an expanding supercooled Xe jet by means of an X-ray diffraction experiment with 10-fs X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses. We found that the structure of Xe nanoparticles is not pure face-centered cubic (fcc), the expected stable phase, but a mixture of fcc and randomly stacked hexagonal close-packed (rhcp) structures. Furthermore, we identified the instantaneous coexistence of the comparably sized fcc and rhcp domains in single Xe nanoparticles. The observations are explained by the scenario of structural aging, in which the nanoparticles initially crystallize in the highly stacking-disordered rhcp phase and the structure later forms the stable fcc phase. The results are reminiscent of analogous observations in hard-sphere systems, indicating the universal role of the stacking-disordered phase in nucleation.
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6
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Otani H, Nakahara H, Goto H, Kuma S, Momose T. Electronic spectroscopy of Mg-phthalocyanine embedded in cold hydrogen clusters produced by a pulsed nozzle. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:044309. [PMID: 34340371 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold clusters of molecular hydrogen were created using a pulsed nozzle. The thermodynamical states of the clusters were characterized by measuring the cluster beam velocity and the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of embedded molecules. Two distinct velocity components were identified in the beam that originates from different clustering mechanisms. The fast velocity component corresponds to the expansion of H2 from the gas phase, while the slow velocity component corresponds to the expansion from the liquid phase. The velocity distribution of these two components showed no significant difference between the expansions of para and normal hydrogen. In this study, LIF spectroscopy of single Mg-phthalocyanine molecules embedded in the H2 clusters consisting of 105 H2 molecules was used to investigate the properties of the fast component. The observed peak frequencies of the LIF signals, compared to those observed in helium droplets, were used to infer the possible presence of the liquid phase in the fast component of the H2 clusters below 5 K. The shift, linewidth, and splitting in the spectra, which strongly depend on the ortho/para ratio, are attributed to the local configurations of hydrogen in the vicinity of the probe molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsuki Otani
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hiroko Nakahara
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Haruka Goto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Susumu Kuma
- Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takamasa Momose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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7
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Tanyag RMP, Feinberg AJ, O’Connell SMO, Vilesov AF. Disintegration of diminutive liquid helium jets in vacuum. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:234306. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0004503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Mayro P. Tanyag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Feinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Sean M. O. O’Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Andrey F. Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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8
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Schottelius A, Mambretti F, Kalinin A, Beyersdorff B, Rothkirch A, Goy C, Müller J, Petridis N, Ritzer M, Trinter F, Fernández JM, Ezquerra TA, Galli DE, Grisenti RE. Crystal growth rates in supercooled atomic liquid mixtures. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:512-516. [PMID: 32066929 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization is a fundamental process in materials science, providing the primary route for the realization of a wide range of new materials. Crystallization rates are also considered to be useful probes of glass-forming ability1-3. At the microscopic level, crystallization is described by the classical crystal nucleation and growth theories4,5, yet in general solid formation is a far more complex process. In particular, the observation of apparently different crystal growth regimes in many binary liquid mixtures greatly challenges our understanding of crystallization1,6-12. Here, we study by experiments, theory and computer simulations the crystallization of supercooled mixtures of argon and krypton, showing that crystal growth rates in these systems can be reconciled with existing crystal growth models only by explicitly accounting for the non-ideality of the mixtures. Our results highlight the importance of thermodynamic aspects in describing the crystal growth kinetics, providing a substantial step towards a more sophisticated theory of crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anton Kalinin
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Beyersdorff
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andre Rothkirch
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Goy
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Müller
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Petridis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maurizio Ritzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - José M Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Macromolecular Physics Department, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Davide E Galli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Robert E Grisenti
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
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9
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Buttersack T, Mason PE, Jungwirth P, Schewe HC, Winter B, Seidel R, McMullen RS, Bradforth SE. Deeply cooled and temperature controlled microjets: Liquid ammonia solutions released into vacuum for analysis by photoelectron spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:043101. [PMID: 32357686 DOI: 10.1063/1.5141359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A versatile, temperature controlled apparatus is presented, which generates deeply cooled liquid microjets of condensed gases, expelling them via a small aperture into vacuum for use in photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). The functionality of the design is demonstrated by temperature- and concentration-dependent PES measurements of liquid ammonia and solutions of KI and NH4I in liquid ammonia. The experimental setup is not limited to the usage of liquid ammonia solutions solely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Buttersack
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Philip E Mason
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - H Christian Schewe
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Molekülphysik, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Molekülphysik, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Seidel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany and Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ryan S McMullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
| | - Stephen E Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
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10
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Efficient Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration from a Cryogenic Solid Hydrogen Target. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16534. [PMID: 31712576 PMCID: PMC6848078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the successful implementation and characterization of a cryogenic solid hydrogen target in experiments on high-power laser-driven proton acceleration. When irradiating a solid hydrogen filament of 10 μm diameter with 10-Terawatt laser pulses of 2.5 J energy, protons with kinetic energies in excess of 20 MeV exhibiting non-thermal features in their spectrum were observed. The protons were emitted into a large solid angle reaching a total conversion efficiency of several percent. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirm our results indicating that the spectral modulations are caused by collisionless shocks launched from the surface of the the high-density filament into a low-density corona surrounding the target. The use of solid hydrogen targets may significantly improve the prospects of laser-accelerated proton pulses for future applications.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Delorme
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay et Université Paris Diderot
| | - D. Marchand
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay
| | - C. Vallerand
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay
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12
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Abe K, Yamaoka S, Hyeon-Deuk K. Isotopic Effects on Intermolecular and Intramolecular Structure and Dynamics in Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Tritium Liquids: Normal Liquid and Weakly and Strongly Cooled Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8233-8242. [PMID: 30095260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Differences in properties such as phase-transition temperature and transport coefficients among liquids of different isotopic compositions, hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, should originate from their differently pronounced nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) rather than from any subtle difference in the electronic interaction potentials. Accurate and efficient determination of structural and dynamical isotopic effects in the quantum liquids still remains as one of the challenging problems in condensed-phase physics. With a recently developed nonempirical real-time molecular dynamics method which describes nonspherical molecules with the NQEs, we computationally realized and investigated dynamical and quantum isotopic effects of not only traditionally studied isotopes, hydrogen, and deuterium but also a lesser known radioisotope, tritium, in broad thermodynamic conditions from normal liquid to weakly and strongly cooled liquids, which have been hindered by rapid crystallization in spite of numerous experimental attempts at supercooling. Reproducing the previously reported experimental isotope dependence on the bond length and vibrational frequencies of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium liquids, we further demonstrate that distinctive isotope effects appear in their intermolecular and intramolecular structure and dynamics not only at lower temperature but also at higher temperature, which none has so far been able to obtain quantitative results for realistic systems. Rationalization of their physical origins and the obtained physical insights will help future experimental searching and monitoring intermolecular and intramolecular dynamics and structures of these isotopes not only in normal liquid but also in supercooled liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiharu Abe
- Department of Chemistry , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Shutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Chemistry , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO , 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
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13
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Goy C, Potenza MAC, Dedera S, Tomut M, Guillerm E, Kalinin A, Voss KO, Schottelius A, Petridis N, Prosvetov A, Tejeda G, Fernández JM, Trautmann C, Caupin F, Glasmacher U, Grisenti RE. Shrinking of Rapidly Evaporating Water Microdroplets Reveals their Extreme Supercooling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:015501. [PMID: 29350942 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.015501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The fast evaporative cooling of micrometer-sized water droplets in a vacuum offers the appealing possibility to investigate supercooled water-below the melting point but still a liquid-at temperatures far beyond the state of the art. However, it is challenging to obtain a reliable value of the droplet temperature under such extreme experimental conditions. Here, the observation of morphology-dependent resonances in the Raman scattering from a train of perfectly uniform water droplets allows us to measure the variation in droplet size resulting from evaporative mass losses with an absolute precision of better than 0.2%. This finding proves crucial to an unambiguous determination of the droplet temperature. In particular, we find that a fraction of water droplets with an initial diameter of 6379±12 nm remain liquid down to 230.6±0.6 K. Our results question temperature estimates reported recently for larger supercooled water droplets and provide valuable information on the hydrogen-bond network in liquid water in the hard-to-access deeply supercooled regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Goy
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt(M), 60438 Frankfurt(M), Germany
| | - Marco A C Potenza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marilena Tomut
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Guillerm
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Lyon, France
| | - Anton Kalinin
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt(M), 60438 Frankfurt(M), Germany
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kay-Obbe Voss
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Schottelius
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt(M), 60438 Frankfurt(M), Germany
| | - Nikolaos Petridis
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexey Prosvetov
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Guzmán Tejeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christina Trautmann
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Material- und Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frédéric Caupin
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Lyon, France
| | | | - Robert E Grisenti
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt(M), 60438 Frankfurt(M), Germany
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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14
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Obst L, Göde S, Rehwald M, Brack FE, Branco J, Bock S, Bussmann M, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Fiuza F, Gauthier M, Gebhardt R, Helbig U, Huebl A, Hübner U, Irman A, Kazak L, Kim JB, Kluge T, Kraft S, Loeser M, Metzkes J, Mishra R, Rödel C, Schlenvoigt HP, Siebold M, Tiggesbäumker J, Wolter S, Ziegler T, Schramm U, Glenzer SH, Zeil K. Efficient laser-driven proton acceleration from cylindrical and planar cryogenic hydrogen jets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10248. [PMID: 28860614 PMCID: PMC5579044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on recent experimental results deploying a continuous cryogenic hydrogen jet as a debris-free, renewable laser-driven source of pure proton beams generated at the 150 TW ultrashort pulse laser Draco. Efficient proton acceleration reaching cut-off energies of up to 20 MeV with particle numbers exceeding 109 particles per MeV per steradian is demonstrated, showing for the first time that the acceleration performance is comparable to solid foil targets with thicknesses in the micrometer range. Two different target geometries are presented and their proton beam deliverance characterized: cylindrical (∅ 5 μm) and planar (20 μm × 2 μm). In both cases typical Target Normal Sheath Acceleration emission patterns with exponential proton energy spectra are detected. Significantly higher proton numbers in laser-forward direction are observed when deploying the planar jet as compared to the cylindrical jet case. This is confirmed by two-dimensional Particle-in-Cell (2D3V PIC) simulations, which demonstrate that the planar jet proves favorable as its geometry leads to more optimized acceleration conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Obst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Göde
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - João Branco
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Frederico Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - René Gebhardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Helbig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Arie Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lev Kazak
- Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josefine Metzkes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rohini Mishra
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Christian Rödel
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Siebold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Wolter
- Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siegfried H Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
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15
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Abe K, Hyeon-Deuk K. Dynamical Ordering of Hydrogen Molecules Induced by Heat Flux. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3595-3600. [PMID: 28722419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a direct nonequilibrium simulation for hydrogen systems has been quite challenging because nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) have to be taken into account. We directly simulated nonequilibrium hydrogen molecules under a temperature gradient with the recently developed nonempirical molecular dynamics method, which describes nonspherical hydrogen molecules with the NQEs. We found dynamical ordering purely induced by heat flux, which should be distinguished from static ordering like orientational alignment, as decelerated translational motions and enhanced intensity of H-H vibrational power spectra despite the little structural ordering. This dynamical ordering, which was enhanced with stronger heat flux while independent of system size, can be regarded as self-solidification of hydrogen molecules for their efficient heat conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiharu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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16
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Raston PL, Jäger W. Rotational Spectroscopic Study of Quantum Solvation in Isotopologic ( pH 2) N–CO Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3671-3678. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Raston
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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17
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Kim JB, Göde S, Glenzer SH. Development of a cryogenic hydrogen microjet for high-intensity, high-repetition rate experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:11E328. [PMID: 27910321 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The advent of high-intensity, high-repetition-rate lasers has led to the need for replenishing targets of interest for high energy density sciences. We describe the design and characterization of a cryogenic microjet source, which can deliver a continuous stream of liquid hydrogen with a diameter of a few microns. The jet has been imaged at 1 μm resolution by shadowgraphy with a short pulse laser. The pointing stability has been measured at well below a mrad, for a stable free-standing filament of solid-density hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94551, USA
| | - S Göde
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94551, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94551, USA
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18
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Hyeon-Deuk K, Ando K. Distinct structural and dynamical difference between supercooled and normal liquids of hydrogen molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2314-8. [PMID: 26750610 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06615h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supercooled hydrogen liquid as well as superfluid have continued to elude experimental observation due to rapid crystallization. We computationally realized and investigated supercooled hydrogen liquid by a recently developed non-empirical real-time molecular dynamics method, which describes non-spherical hydrogen molecules with the nuclear quantum effects. We demonstrated that the hydrogen supercooled liquid is not a simply cooled liquid but rather exhibits intrinsic structural and dynamical characters including a precursor of tunneling and superfluidity which neither normal hydrogen liquid nor solid possesses. All of the insights provide a milestone for planning experiments of metastable hydrogen systems like glassy and superfluid states and for identifying various unknown hydrogen phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. and Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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19
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Slipchenko MN, Hoshina H, Stolyarov D, Sartakov BG, Vilesov AF. Internal Rotation of Methane Molecules in Large Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:47-50. [PMID: 26653992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methane is one of the very few substances that show rotation of individual molecules in the crystalline phase. Here we explore the evolution of the rotation spectrum of methane from single molecules to clusters containing up to about 4 × 10(3) molecules. The clusters were assembled in He droplets at T = 0.38 K and studied via infrared laser spectroscopy in the ν3 region of the methane molecules. Well-resolved rotational structure in the spectra was observed in clusters containing up to about 50 molecules. We have concluded that in distinction to the crystals molecular rotation in methane clusters is confined to the surface and is enabled by low coordination of the molecules. On the contrary the molecules in the cluster's interior are in amorphous state wherein the rotation is quenched. These results demonstrate that even at very low temperature the surface of the methane clusters remains fluxional due to quantum effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail N Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Hiromichi Hoshina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Daniil Stolyarov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Boris G Sartakov
- General Physics Institute, RAS , Vavilov str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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20
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HYEON-DEUK K. Quantum Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Condensed Hydrogens by Nuclear and Electron Wave Packet Approach. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2016-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim HYEON-DEUK
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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21
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Hyeon-Deuk K, Ando K. Communication: Dynamical and structural analyses of solid hydrogen under vapor pressure. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:171102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4935509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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22
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Kühnel M, Fernández JM, Tramonto F, Tejeda G, Moreno E, Kalinin A, Nava M, Galli DE, Montero S, Grisenti RE. Mixing effects in the crystallization of supercooled quantum binary liquids. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:064504. [PMID: 26277142 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By means of Raman spectroscopy of liquid microjets, we have investigated the crystallization process of supercooled quantum liquid mixtures composed of parahydrogen (pH2) or orthodeuterium (oD2) diluted with small amounts of neon. We show that the introduction of the Ne impurities affects the crystallization kinetics in terms of a significant reduction of the measured pH2 and oD2 crystal growth rates, similarly to what found in our previous work on supercooled pH2-oD2 liquid mixtures [Kühnel et al., Phys. Rev. B 89, 180201(R) (2014)]. Our experimental results, in combination with path-integral simulations of the supercooled liquid mixtures, suggest in particular a correlation between the measured growth rates and the ratio of the effective particle sizes originating from quantum delocalization effects. We further show that the crystalline structure of the mixtures is also affected to a large extent by the presence of the Ne impurities, which likely initiate the freezing process through the formation of Ne-rich crystallites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kühnel
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J M Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Tramonto
- Laboratorio di Calcolo Parallelo e di Simulazioni di Materia Condensata, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Tejeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Kalinin
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Nava
- Laboratorio di Calcolo Parallelo e di Simulazioni di Materia Condensata, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D E Galli
- Laboratorio di Calcolo Parallelo e di Simulazioni di Materia Condensata, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Montero
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - R E Grisenti
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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