1
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Loetzsch R, Beyer HF, Duval L, Spillmann U, Banaś D, Dergham P, Kröger FM, Glorius J, Grisenti RE, Guerra M, Gumberidze A, Heß R, Hillenbrand PM, Indelicato P, Jagodzinski P, Lamour E, Lorentz B, Litvinov S, Litvinov YA, Machado J, Paul N, Paulus GG, Petridis N, Santos JP, Scheidel M, Sidhu RS, Steck M, Steydli S, Szary K, Trotsenko S, Uschmann I, Weber G, Stöhlker T, Trassinelli M. Testing quantum electrodynamics in extreme fields using helium-like uranium. Nature 2024; 625:673-678. [PMID: 38267680 PMCID: PMC10808054 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Quantum electrodynamics (QED), the quantum field theory that describes the interaction between light and matter, is commonly regarded as the best-tested quantum theory in modern physics. However, this claim is mostly based on extremely precise studies performed in the domain of relatively low field strengths and light atoms and ions1-6. In the realm of very strong electromagnetic fields such as in the heaviest highly charged ions (with nuclear charge Z ≫ 1), QED calculations enter a qualitatively different, non-perturbative regime. Yet, the corresponding experimental studies are very challenging, and theoretical predictions are only partially tested. Here we present an experiment sensitive to higher-order QED effects and electron-electron interactions in the high-Z regime. This is achieved by using a multi-reference method based on Doppler-tuned X-ray emission from stored relativistic uranium ions with different charge states. The energy of the 1s1/22p3/2 J = 2 → 1s1/22s1/2 J = 1 intrashell transition in the heaviest two-electron ion (U90+) is obtained with an accuracy of 37 ppm. Furthermore, a comparison of uranium ions with different numbers of bound electrons enables us to disentangle and to test separately the one-electron higher-order QED effects and the bound electron-electron interaction terms without the uncertainty related to the nuclear radius. Moreover, our experimental result can discriminate between several state-of-the-art theoretical approaches and provides an important benchmark for calculations in the strong-field domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Loetzsch
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany.
| | - H F Beyer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Duval
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - U Spillmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Banaś
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - P Dergham
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - F M Kröger
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - J Glorius
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R E Grisenti
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Guerra
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Gumberidze
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Heß
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P-M Hillenbrand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - P Indelicato
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - P Jagodzinski
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - E Lamour
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - B Lorentz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Machado
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - N Paul
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - G G Paulus
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - N Petridis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J P Santos
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - M Scheidel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R S Sidhu
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Steck
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Steydli
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - K Szary
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - S Trotsenko
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - I Uschmann
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - G Weber
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Th Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - M Trassinelli
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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2
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Heiße F, Door M, Sailer T, Filianin P, Herkenhoff J, König CM, Kromer K, Lange D, Morgner J, Rischka A, Schweiger C, Tu B, Novikov YN, Eliseev S, Sturm S, Blaum K. High-Precision Determination of g Factors and Masses of ^{20}Ne^{9+} and ^{22}Ne^{9+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:253002. [PMID: 38181339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.253002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We present the measurements of individual bound electron g factors of ^{20}Ne^{9+} and ^{22}Ne^{9+} on the relative level of 0.1 parts per billion. The comparison with theory represents the most stringent test of bound-state QED in strong electric fields. A dedicated mass measurement results in m(^{20}Ne)=19.992 440 168 77(9) u, which improves the current literature value by a factor of 18, disagrees by 4 standard deviations, and represents the most precisely measured mass value in atomic mass units. Together, these measurements yield an electron mass on the relative level of 0.1 ppb with m_{e}=5.485 799 090 99(59)×10^{-4} u as well as a factor of seven improved m(^{22}Ne)=21.991 385 098 2(26) u.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heiße
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Door
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Filianin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Herkenhoff
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C M König
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Kromer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Lange
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Morgner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Rischka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ch Schweiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Tu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y N Novikov
- Kurchatov Institute-PNPI, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Eliseev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Morgner J, Tu B, König CM, Sailer T, Heiße F, Bekker H, Sikora B, Lyu C, Yerokhin VA, Harman Z, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Keitel CH, Sturm S, Blaum K. Stringent test of QED with hydrogen-like tin. Nature 2023; 622:53-57. [PMID: 37794267 PMCID: PMC10550826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Inner-shell electrons naturally sense the electric field close to the nucleus, which can reach extreme values beyond 1015 V cm-1 for the innermost electrons1. Especially in few-electron, highly charged ions, the interaction with the electromagnetic fields can be accurately calculated within quantum electrodynamics (QED), rendering these ions good candidates to test the validity of QED in strong fields. Consequently, their Lamb shifts were intensively studied in the past several decades2,3. Another approach is the measurement of gyromagnetic factors (g factors) in highly charged ions4-7. However, so far, either experimental accuracy or small field strength in low-Z ions5,6 limited the stringency of these QED tests. Here we report on our high-precision, high-field test of QED in hydrogen-like 118Sn49+. The highly charged ions were produced with the Heidelberg electron beam ion trap (EBIT)8 and injected into the ALPHATRAP Penning-trap setup9, in which the bound-electron g factor was measured with a precision of 0.5 parts per billion (ppb). For comparison, we present state-of-the-art theory calculations, which together test the underlying QED to about 0.012%, yielding a stringent test in the strong-field regime. With this measurement, we challenge the best tests by means of the Lamb shift and, with anticipated advances in the g-factor theory, surpass them by more than an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Morgner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - B Tu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C M König
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Heiße
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Bekker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz, Germany
| | - B Sikora
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Lyu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V A Yerokhin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Z Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - C H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Sailer T, Debierre V, Harman Z, Heiße F, König C, Morgner J, Tu B, Volotka AV, Keitel CH, Blaum K, Sturm S. Measurement of the bound-electron g-factor difference in coupled ions. Nature 2022; 606:479-483. [PMID: 35705820 PMCID: PMC9200642 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is one of the most fundamental theories of physics and has been shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental results1-5. In particular, measurements of the electron's magnetic moment (or g factor) of highly charged ions in Penning traps provide a stringent probe for QED, which allows testing of the standard model in the strongest electromagnetic fields6. When studying the differences between isotopes, many common QED contributions cancel owing to the identical electron configuration, making it possible to resolve the intricate effects stemming from the nuclear differences. Experimentally, however, this quickly becomes limited, particularly by the precision of the ion masses or the magnetic field stability7. Here we report on a measurement technique that overcomes these limitations by co-trapping two highly charged ions and measuring the difference in their g factors directly. We apply a dual Ramsey-type measurement scheme with the ions locked on a common magnetron orbit8, separated by only a few hundred micrometres, to coherently extract the spin precession frequency difference. We have measured the isotopic shift of the bound-electron g factor of the isotopes 20Ne9+ and 22Ne9+ to 0.56-parts-per-trillion (5.6 × 10-13) precision relative to their g factors, an improvement of about two orders of magnitude compared with state-of-the-art techniques7. This resolves the QED contribution to the nuclear recoil, accurately validates the corresponding theory and offers an alternative approach to set constraints on new physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Zoltán Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Heiße
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Bingsheng Tu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey V Volotka
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Li YF, Chen YY, Hatsagortsyan KZ, Keitel CH. Helicity Transfer in Strong Laser Fields via the Electron Anomalous Magnetic Moment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:174801. [PMID: 35570418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam longitudinal polarization during the interaction with counterpropagating circularly polarized ultraintense laser pulses is investigated, while accounting for the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. Although it is known that the helicity transfer from the laser photons to the electron beam is suppressed in linear and nonlinear Compton scattering processes, we show that the helicity transfer nevertheless can happen via an intermediate step of the electron radiative transverse polarization, phase matched with the driving field, followed up by spin rotation into the longitudinal direction as induced by the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. With spin-resolved QED Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate the consequent helicity transfer from laser photons to the electron beam with a degree up to 10%, along with an electron radial polarization up to 65% after multiple photon emissions in a femtosecond timescale. This effect is detectable with currently achievable laser facilities, evidencing the role of the leading QED vertex correction to the electron anomalous magnetic moment in the polarization dynamics in ultrastrong laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yue-Yue Chen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Kosheleva VP, Volotka AV, Glazov DA, Zinenko DV, Fritzsche S. g Factor of Lithiumlike Silicon and Calcium: Resolving the Disagreement between Theory and Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:103001. [PMID: 35333066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The bound-electron g factor is a stringent tool for tests of the standard model and the search for new physics. The comparison between an experiment on the g factor of lithiumlike silicon and the two recent theoretical values revealed the discrepancies of 1.7σ [Glazov et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 173001 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.173001] and 5.2σ [Yerokhin et al. Phys. Rev. A 102, 022815 (2020)PLRAAN2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.102.022815]. To identify the reason for this disagreement, we accomplish large-scale high-precision computation of the interelectronic-interaction and many-electron QED corrections. The calculations are performed within the extended Furry picture of QED, and the dependence of the final values on the choice of the binding potential is carefully analyzed. As a result, we significantly improve the agreement between the theory and experiment for the g factor of lithiumlike silicon. We also report the most accurate theoretical prediction to date for lithiumlike calcium, which perfectly agrees with the experimental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Kosheleva
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A V Volotka
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Glazov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D V Zinenko
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Fritzsche
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Shabaev VM, Glazov DA, Ryzhkov AM, Brandau C, Plunien G, Quint W, Volchkova AM, Zinenko DV. Ground-State g Factor of Highly Charged ^{229}Th Ions: An Access to the M1 Transition Probability between the Isomeric and Ground Nuclear States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:043001. [PMID: 35148134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A method is proposed to determine the M1 nuclear transition amplitude and hence the lifetime of the "nuclear clock transition" between the low-lying (∼8 eV) first isomeric state and the ground state of ^{229}Th from a measurement of the ground-state g factor of few-electron ^{229}Th ions. As a tool, the effect of nuclear hyperfine mixing in highly charged ^{229}Th ions such as ^{229}Th^{89+} or ^{229}Th^{87+} is used. The ground-state-only g-factor measurement would also provide first experimental evidence of nuclear hyperfine mixing in atomic ions. Combining the measurements for H-, Li-, and B-like ^{229}Th ions has a potential to improve the initial result for a single charge state and to determine the nuclear magnetic moment to a higher accuracy than that of the currently accepted value. The calculations include relativistic, interelectronic-interaction, QED, and nuclear effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Shabaev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Glazov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A M Ryzhkov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - C Brandau
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Plunien
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 13, Dresden, D-01062, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A M Volchkova
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D V Zinenko
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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8
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Cerchiari G, Araneda G, Podhora L, Slodička L, Colombe Y, Blatt R. Measuring Ion Oscillations at the Quantum Level with Fluorescence Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:063603. [PMID: 34420343 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.063603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an optical method for detecting the mechanical oscillations of an atom with single-phonon sensitivity. The measurement signal results from the interference between the light scattered by a trapped atomic ion and that of its mirror image. We detect the oscillations of the atom in the Doppler cooling limit and reconstruct average trajectories in phase space. We demonstrate single-phonon sensitivity near the ground state of motion after electronically induced transparency cooling. These results could be applied for motion detection of other light scatterers of fundamental interest, such as trapped nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cerchiari
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Araneda
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L Podhora
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L Slodička
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Y Colombe
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Blatt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Micke P, Leopold T, King SA, Benkler E, Spieß LJ, Schmöger L, Schwarz M, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Schmidt PO. Coherent laser spectroscopy of highly charged ions using quantum logic. Nature 2020; 578:60-65. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Glazov DA, Köhler-Langes F, Volotka AV, Blaum K, Heiße F, Plunien G, Quint W, Rau S, Shabaev VM, Sturm S, Werth G. g Factor of Lithiumlike Silicon: New Challenge to Bound-State QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:173001. [PMID: 31702246 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recently established agreement between experiment and theory for the g factors of lithiumlike silicon and calcium ions manifests the most stringent test of the many-electron bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects in the presence of a magnetic field. In this Letter, we present a significant simultaneous improvement of both theoretical g_{th}=2.000 889 894 4 (34) and experimental g_{exp}=2.000 889 888 45 (14) values of the g factor of lithiumlike silicon ^{28}Si^{11+}. The theoretical precision now is limited by the many-electron two-loop contributions of the bound-state QED. The experimental value is accurate enough to test these contributions on a few percent level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Glazov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - F Köhler-Langes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A V Volotka
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Heiße
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Plunien
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Rau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V M Shabaev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Werth
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Arapoglou I, Egl A, Höcker M, Sailer T, Tu B, Weigel A, Wolf R, Cakir H, Yerokhin VA, Oreshkina NS, Agababaev VA, Volotka AV, Zinenko DV, Glazov DA, Harman Z, Keitel CH, Sturm S, Blaum K. g Factor of Boronlike Argon ^{40}Ar^{13+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:253001. [PMID: 31347869 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.253001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the ground-state g factor of boronlike argon ^{40}Ar^{13+} with a fractional uncertainty of 1.4×10^{-9} with a single ion in the newly developed Alphatrap double Penning-trap setup. The value of g=0.663 648 455 32(93) obtained here is in agreement with our theoretical prediction of 0.663 648 12(58). The latter is obtained accounting for quantum electrodynamics, electron correlation, and nuclear effects within the state-of-the-art theoretical methods. Our experimental result distinguishes between existing predictions that are in disagreement, and lays the foundations for an independent determination of the fine-structure constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arapoglou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Egl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Höcker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Tu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Weigel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Cakir
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V A Yerokhin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Oreshkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V A Agababaev
- St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Volotka
- St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D V Zinenko
- St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Glazov
- St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Z Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Agababaev VA, Glazov DA, Volotka AV, Zinenko DV, Shabaev VM, Plunien G. Ground-state g factor of middle-Z boronlike ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1138/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Micke P, Kühn S, Buchauer L, Harries JR, Bücking TM, Blaum K, Cieluch A, Egl A, Hollain D, Kraemer S, Pfeifer T, Schmidt PO, Schüssler RX, Schweiger C, Stöhlker T, Sturm S, Wolf RN, Bernitt S, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. The Heidelberg compact electron beam ion traps. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:063109. [PMID: 29960545 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam ion traps (EBITs) are ideal tools for both production and study of highly charged ions (HCIs). In order to reduce their construction, maintenance, and operation costs, we have developed a novel, compact, room-temperature design, the Heidelberg Compact EBIT (HC-EBIT). Four already commissioned devices operate at the strongest fields (up to 0.86 T) reported for such EBITs using permanent magnets, run electron beam currents up to 80 mA, and energies up to 10 keV. They demonstrate HCI production, trapping, and extraction of pulsed Ar16+ bunches and continuous 100 pA ion beams of highly charged Xe up to charge state 29+, already with a 4 mA, 2 keV electron beam. Moreover, HC-EBITs offer large solid-angle ports and thus high photon count rates, e.g., in x-ray spectroscopy of dielectronic recombination in HCIs up to Fe24+, achieving an electron-energy resolving power of E/ΔE > 1500 at 5 keV. Besides traditional on-axis electron guns, we have also implemented a novel off-axis gun for laser, synchrotron, and free-electron laser applications, offering clear optical access along the trap axis. We report on its first operation at a synchrotron radiation facility demonstrating the resonant photoexcitation of highly charged oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Buchauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J R Harries
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, SPring-8, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - T M Bücking
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Cieluch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Egl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hollain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kraemer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R X Schüssler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ch Schweiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Stöhlker
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R N Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Shabaev VM, Glazov DA, Malyshev AV, Tupitsyn II. Recoil Effect on the g Factor of Li-Like Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:263001. [PMID: 29328712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear recoil effect on the g factor of Li-like ions is evaluated. The one-electron recoil contribution is treated within the framework of the rigorous QED approach to the first order in the electron-to-nucleus mass ratio m/M and to all orders in the parameter αZ. These calculations are performed in a range Z=3-92. The two-electron recoil term is calculated for low- and middle-Z ions within the Breit approximation using a four-component approach. The results for the two-electron recoil part obtained in the Letter strongly disagree with the previous calculations performed using an effective two-component Hamiltonian. The obtained value for the recoil effect is used to calculate the isotope shift of the g factor of Li-like ^{A}Ca^{17+} with A=40 and A=48 which was recently measured. It is found that the new theoretical value for the isotope shift is closer to the experimental one than the previously obtained value.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Shabaev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Glazov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Malyshev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I I Tupitsyn
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Heiße F, Köhler-Langes F, Rau S, Hou J, Junck S, Kracke A, Mooser A, Quint W, Ulmer S, Werth G, Blaum K, Sturm S. High-Precision Measurement of the Proton's Atomic Mass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:033001. [PMID: 28777624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the precise measurement of the atomic mass of a single proton with a purpose-built Penning-trap system. With a precision of 32 parts per trillion our result not only improves on the current CODATA literature value by a factor of 3, but also disagrees with it at a level of about 3 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heiße
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Köhler-Langes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Rau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Junck
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Kracke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mooser
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Ulmer
- RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Werth
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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17
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Yerokhin VA, Berseneva E, Harman Z, Tupitsyn II, Keitel CH. g Factor of Light Ions for an Improved Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:100801. [PMID: 27015466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A weighted difference of the g factors of the H- and Li-like ions of the same element is theoretically studied and optimized in order to maximize the cancellation of nuclear effects between the two charge states. We show that this weighted difference and its combination for two different elements can be used to extract a value for the fine-structure constant from near-future bound-electron g factor experiments with an accuracy competitive with or better than the present literature value.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Yerokhin
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Studies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Berseneva
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Z Harman
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I I Tupitsyn
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - C H Keitel
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Isotope dependence of the Zeeman effect in lithium-like calcium. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10246. [PMID: 26776466 PMCID: PMC4735604 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetic moment μ of a bound electron, generally expressed by the g-factor μ=−g μBs ħ−1 with μB the Bohr magneton and s the electron's spin, can be calculated by bound-state quantum electrodynamics (BS-QED) to very high precision. The recent ultra-precise experiment on hydrogen-like silicon determined this value to eleven significant digits, and thus allowed to rigorously probe the validity of BS-QED. Yet, the investigation of one of the most interesting contribution to the g-factor, the relativistic interaction between electron and nucleus, is limited by our knowledge of BS-QED effects. By comparing the g-factors of two isotopes, it is possible to cancel most of these contributions and sensitively probe nuclear effects. Here, we present calculations and experiments on the isotope dependence of the Zeeman effect in lithium-like calcium ions. The good agreement between the theoretical predicted recoil contribution and the high-precision g-factor measurements paves the way for a new generation of BS-QED tests. In addition to hyperfine splitting effects, isotope shifts of atomic electronic energy levels allow the investigation nuclear properties. Here, the authors study the isotope dependence of the Zeeman effect in litihium-like calcium isotopes in a Penning-trap setup and find good agreement with QED calculations.
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19
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Schmoger L, Versolato OO, Schwarz M, Kohnen M, Windberger A, Piest B, Feuchtenbeiner S, Pedregosa-Gutierrez J, Leopold T, Micke P, Hansen AK, Baumann TM, Drewsen M, Ullrich J, Schmidt PO, Lopez-Urrutia JRC. Coulomb crystallization of highly charged ions. Science 2015; 347:1233-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Di Piazza A. Ultrarelativistic electron states in a general background electromagnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:040402. [PMID: 25105600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of obtaining exact analytical results in the realm of QED in the presence of a background electromagnetic field is almost exclusively limited to a few tractable cases, where the Dirac equation in the corresponding background field can be solved analytically. This circumstance has restricted, in particular, the theoretical analysis of QED processes in intense laser fields to within the plane wave approximation even at those high intensities, achievable experimentally only by tightly focusing the laser energy in space. Here, within the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation, we construct analytically single-particle electron states in the presence of a background electromagnetic field of general space-time structure in the realistic assumption that the initial energy of the electron is the largest dynamical energy scale in the problem. The relatively compact expression of these states opens, in particular, the possibility of investigating analytically strong-field QED processes in the presence of spatially focused laser beams, which is of particular relevance in view of the upcoming experimental campaigns in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Piazza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Volotka AV, Glazov DA, Shabaev VM, Tupitsyn II, Plunien G. Many-electron QED corrections to the g factor of lithiumlike ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:253004. [PMID: 25014810 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.253004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A rigorous QED evaluation of the two-photon exchange corrections to the g factor of lithiumlike ions is presented. The screened self-energy corrections are calculated for the intermediate-Z region, and its accuracy for the high-Z region is essentially improved in comparison with that of previous calculations. As a result, the theoretical accuracy of the g factor of lithiumlike ions is significantly increased. The theoretical prediction obtained for the g factor of (28)Si(11+) g(th) = 2.000 889 892(8) is in an excellent agreement with the corresponding experimental value g(exp) = 2.000 889 889 9(21) [A. Wagner et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 033003 (2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Volotka
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, D-01062 Dresden, Germany and Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Oulianovskaya 1, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Glazov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, D-01062 Dresden, Germany and Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Oulianovskaya 1, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia and Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, NRC Kurchatov Institute, B. Cheremushkinskaya 25, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Shabaev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Oulianovskaya 1, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I I Tupitsyn
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Oulianovskaya 1, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G Plunien
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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22
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High-precision measurement of the atomic mass of the electron. Nature 2014; 506:467-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Mavadia S, Goodwin JF, Stutter G, Bharadia S, Crick DR, Segal DM, Thompson RC. Control of the conformations of ion Coulomb crystals in a Penning trap. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2571. [PMID: 24096901 PMCID: PMC3806409 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-cooled atomic ions form ordered structures in radiofrequency ion traps and in Penning traps. Here we demonstrate in a Penning trap the creation and manipulation of a wide variety of ion Coulomb crystals formed from small numbers of ions. The configuration can be changed from a linear string, through intermediate geometries, to a planar structure. The transition from a linear string to a zigzag geometry is observed for the first time in a Penning trap. The conformations of the crystals are set by the applied trap potential and the laser parameters, and agree with simulations. These simulations indicate that the rotation frequency of a small crystal is mainly determined by the laser parameters, independent of the number of ions and the axial confinement strength. This system has potential applications for quantum simulation, quantum information processing and tests of fundamental physics models from quantum field theory to cosmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Mavadia
- QOLS Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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24
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Mooser A, Kracke H, Blaum K, Bräuninger SA, Franke K, Leiteritz C, Quint W, Rodegheri CC, Ulmer S, Walz J. Resolution of single spin flips of a single proton. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:140405. [PMID: 25166966 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.140405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The spin magnetic moment of a single proton in a cryogenic Penning trap was coupled to the particle's axial motion with a superimposed magnetic bottle. Jumps in the oscillation frequency indicate spin flips and were identified using a Bayesian analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mooser
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Kracke
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany and Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69047 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A Bräuninger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany and Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69047 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Franke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany and RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Leiteritz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Quint
- Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69047 Heidelberg, Germany and GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C C Rodegheri
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany and Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Ulmer
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Walz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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25
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Antonsson E, Bresch H, Lewinski R, Wassermann B, Leisner T, Graf C, Langer B, Rühl E. Free nanoparticles studied by soft X-rays. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Wagner A, Sturm S, Köhler F, Glazov DA, Volotka AV, Plunien G, Quint W, Werth G, Shabaev VM, Blaum K. g Factor of lithiumlike silicon 28Si11+. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:033003. [PMID: 23373920 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.033003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The g factor of lithiumlike silicon (28)Si(11+) has been measured in a triple-Penning trap with a relative uncertainty of 1.1×10(-9) to be g(exp)=2.000 889 889 9(21). The theoretical prediction for this value was calculated to be g(th)=2.000 889 909(51) improving the accuracy to 2.5×10(-8) due to the first rigorous evaluation of the two-photon exchange correction. The measured value is in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction and yields the most stringent test of bound-state QED for the g factor of the 1s(2)2s state and the relativistic many-electron calculations in a magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Schwarz M, Versolato OO, Windberger A, Brunner FR, Ballance T, Eberle SN, Ullrich J, Schmidt PO, Hansen AK, Gingell AD, Drewsen M, López-Urrutia JRC. Cryogenic linear Paul trap for cold highly charged ion experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:083115. [PMID: 22938282 DOI: 10.1063/1.4742770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Storage and cooling of highly charged ions require ultra-high vacuum levels obtainable by means of cryogenic methods. We have developed a linear Paul trap operating at 4 K capable of very long ion storage times of about 30 h. A conservative upper bound of the H(2) partial pressure of about 10(-15) mbar (at 4 K) is obtained from this. External ion injection is possible and optimized optical access for lasers is provided, while exposure to black body radiation is minimized. First results of its operation with atomic and molecular ions are presented. An all-solid state laser system at 313 nm has been set up to provide cold Be(+) ions for sympathetic cooling of highly charged ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Zatorski J, Oreshkina NS, Keitel CH, Harman Z. Nuclear shape effect on the g factor of hydrogenlike ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:063005. [PMID: 22401066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.063005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear shape correction to the g factor of a bound electron in the 1S state is calculated for a number of nuclei in the range of charge numbers from Z=6 up to Z=92. The leading relativistic deformation correction has been derived analytically, and also its influence on one-loop quantum electrodynamic terms has been evaluated. We show the leading corrections to become significant for mid-Z ions and for very heavy elements to even reach the 10(-6) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zatorski
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany.
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29
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Sturm S, Wagner A, Schabinger B, Blaum K. Phase-sensitive cyclotron frequency measurements at ultralow energies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:143003. [PMID: 22107189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.143003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel technique for a direct and coherent measurement of the modified cyclotron frequency of an ion in a Penning trap at energies close to the thermal cooling limit is presented. This allows a rapid and both precise and accurate determination of the free-space cyclotron frequency in real Penning traps despite the existence of electric and magnetic field imperfections and relativistic shifts. The demonstrated performance paves the way for considerably improved bound-state g-factor measurements on the 10 ppt level and mass measurements in the 1 ppt range and possibly below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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