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Horvath M, Dhar S, Das A, Frye MD, Guo Y, Hutson JM, Landini M, Nägerl HC. Bose-Einstein condensation of non-ground-state caesium atoms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3739. [PMID: 38702339 PMCID: PMC11068738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms serve as low-entropy sources for a multitude of quantum-science applications, ranging from quantum simulation and quantum many-body physics to proof-of-principle experiments in quantum metrology and quantum computing. For stability reasons, in the majority of cases the energetically lowest-lying atomic spin state is used. Here, we report the Bose-Einstein condensation of caesium atoms in the Zeeman-excited mf = 2 state, realizing a non-ground-state Bose-Einstein condensate with tunable interactions and tunable loss. We identify two regions of magnetic field in which the two-body relaxation rate is low enough that condensation is possible. We characterize the phase transition and quantify the loss processes, finding unusually high three-body losses in one of the two regions. Our results open up new possibilities for the mixing of quantum-degenerate gases, for polaron and impurity physics, and in particular for the study of impurity transport in strongly correlated one-dimensional quantum wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Horvath
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sudipta Dhar
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arpita Das
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1~3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Frye
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Yanliang Guo
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Manuele Landini
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hanns-Christoph Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Guo Y, Yao H, Dhar S, Pizzino L, Horvath M, Giamarchi T, Landini M, Nägerl HC. Anomalous cooling of bosons by dimensional reduction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6870. [PMID: 38354241 PMCID: PMC10866542 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cold atomic gases provide a remarkable testbed to study the physics of interacting many-body quantum systems. Temperatures are necessarily nonzero, but cooling to the ultralow temperatures needed for quantum simulation purposes or even simply measuring the temperatures directly on the system can prove to be very challenging tasks. Here, we implement thermometry on strongly interacting two- and one-dimensional Bose gases with high sensitivity in the nanokelvin temperature range. Our method is aided by the fact that the decay of the first-order correlation function is very sensitive to the temperature when interactions are strong. We find that there may be a substantial temperature variation when the three-dimensional quantum gas is cut into two-dimensional slices or into one-dimensional tubes. Notably, the temperature for the one-dimensional case can be much lower than the initial temperature. Our findings show that this decrease results from the interplay of dimensional reduction and strong interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Guo
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Hepeng Yao
- DQMP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Sudipta Dhar
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Pizzino
- DQMP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Milena Horvath
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Thierry Giamarchi
- DQMP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Manuele Landini
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Hanns-Christoph Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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3
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Chen XY, Duda M, Schindewolf A, Bause R, Bloch I, Luo XY. Suppression of Unitary Three-Body Loss in a Degenerate Bose-Fermi Mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:153401. [PMID: 35499890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.153401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study three-body loss in an ultracold mixture of a thermal Bose gas and a degenerate Fermi gas. We find that at unitarity, where the interspecies scattering length diverges, the usual inverse-square temperature scaling of the three-body loss found in nondegenerate systems is strongly modified and reduced with the increasing degeneracy of the Fermi gas. While the reduction of loss is qualitatively explained within the few-body scattering framework, a remaining suppression provides evidence for the long-range Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interactions mediated by fermions between bosons. Our model based on RKKY interactions quantitatively reproduces the data without free parameters, and predicts one order of magnitude reduction of the three-body loss coefficient in the deeply Fermi-degenerate regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yan Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Marcel Duda
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Schindewolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Roman Bause
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Xin-Yu Luo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
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4
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Wang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Liu W, Hu J, Ma J, Xiao L, Jia S. Hybrid evaporative cooling of 133Cs atoms to Bose-Einstein condensation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:13960-13967. [PMID: 33985122 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of 133Cs atoms offers an appealing platform for studying the many-body physics of interacting Bose quantum gases, owing to the rich Feshbach resonances that can be readily achieved in the low magnetic field region. However, it is notoriously difficult to cool 133Cs atoms to their quantum degeneracy. Here we report a hybrid evaporative cooling of 133Cs atoms to BEC. Our approach relies on a combination of the magnetically tunable evaporation with the optical evaporation of atoms in a magnetically levitated optical dipole trap overlapping with a dimple trap. The magnetic field gradient is reduced for the magnetically tunable evaporation. The subsequent optical evaporation is performed by lowering the depth of the dimple trap. We study the dependence of the peak phase space density (PSD) and temperature on the number of atoms during the evaporation process, as well as how the PSD and atom number vary with the trap depth. The results are in excellent agreement with the equation model for evaporative cooling.
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5
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Beau M, Pittman SM, Astrakharchik GE, Del Campo A. Exactly Solvable System of One-Dimensional Trapped Bosons with Short- and Long-Range Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:220602. [PMID: 33315444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.220602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a model of trapped bosons with contact interactions as well as Coulomb repulsion or gravitational attraction in one spatial dimension. We find the exact ground-state energy and many-body wave function. The density profile and the pair-correlation function are sampled using Monte Carlo method and show a rich variety of regimes with crossovers between them. Strong attraction leads to a trapped McGuire quantum soliton. Weak repulsion results in an incompressible Laughlin-like fluid with flat density, well reproduced by a Gross-Pitaevskii equation with long-range interactions. Stronger repulsion induces Friedel oscillations and the eventual formation of a Wigner crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beau
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Theoretical Physics, 10 Burlington Road, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S M Pittman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - G E Astrakharchik
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4-B5, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Del Campo
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Theory Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS-B213, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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6
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Bastianello A, Collura M. Entanglement spreading and quasiparticle picture beyond the pair structure. SCIPOST PHYSICS 2020; 8:045. [DOI: 10.21468/scipostphys.8.3.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The quasi-particle picture is a powerful tool to understand the entanglement spreading in many-body quantum systems after a quench.
As an input, the structure of the excitations' pattern of the initial state must be provided,
the common choice being pairwise-created excitations.
However, several cases exile this simple assumption.
In this work we investigate weakly-interacting to free quenches in one dimension.
This results in a far richer excitations' pattern where multiplets with a larger number of particles are excited.
We generalize the quasi-particle ansatz to such a wide class of initial states,
providing a small-coupling expansion of the Rényi entropies.
Our results are in perfect agreement with iTEBD numerical simulations.
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7
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Solano P, Duan Y, Chen YT, Rudelis A, Chin C, Vuletić V. Strongly Correlated Quantum Gas Prepared by Direct Laser Cooling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:173401. [PMID: 31702268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.173401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We create a one-dimensional strongly correlated quantum gas of ^{133}Cs atoms with attractive interactions by direct laser cooling in 300 ms. After compressing and cooling the optically trapped atoms to the vibrational ground state along two tightly confined directions, the emergence of a non-Gaussian time-of-flight distribution along the third, weakly confined direction reveals that the system enters a quantum degenerate regime. We observe a reduction of two- and three-body spatial correlations and infer that the atoms are directly cooled into a highly correlated excited metastable state, known as a super-Tonks-Girardeau gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Solano
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yiheng Duan
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alyssa Rudelis
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Cheng Chin
- James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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8
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Dogra LH, Glidden JAP, Hilker TA, Eigen C, Cornell EA, Smith RP, Hadzibabic Z. Can Three-Body Recombination Purify a Quantum Gas? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:020405. [PMID: 31386523 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-body recombination in quantum gases is traditionally associated with heating, but it was recently found that it can also cool the gas. We show that in a partially condensed three-dimensional homogeneous Bose gas three-body loss could even purify the sample, that is, reduce the entropy per particle and increase the condensed fraction η. We predict that the evolution of η under continuous three-body loss can, depending on small changes in the initial conditions, exhibit two qualitatively different behaviors-if it is initially above a certain critical value, η increases further, whereas clouds with lower initial η evolve towards a thermal gas. These dynamical effects should be observable under realistic experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena H Dogra
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jake A P Glidden
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Timon A Hilker
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Eigen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Robert P Smith
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Zoran Hadzibabic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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9
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Zundel LA, Wilson JM, Malvania N, Xia L, Riou JF, Weiss DS. Energy-Dependent Three-Body Loss in 1D Bose Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:013402. [PMID: 31012724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.013402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the loss of atoms in quantum Newton's cradles with a range of average energies and transverse confinements. We find that the three-body collision rate in one-dimension is strongly energy dependent, as predicted by a strictly 1D theory. We adapt the theory to atoms in waveguides, then, using detailed momentum measurements to infer all the collisions that occur, we compare the observed loss to the adapted theory and find that they agree well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Zundel
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Joshua M Wilson
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Neel Malvania
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Lin Xia
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jean-Felix Riou
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - David S Weiss
- Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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10
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Lous RS, Fritsche I, Jag M, Lehmann F, Kirilov E, Huang B, Grimm R. Probing the Interface of a Phase-Separated State in a Repulsive Bose-Fermi Mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:243403. [PMID: 29956951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.243403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We probe the interface between a phase-separated Bose-Fermi mixture consisting of a small Bose-Einstein condensate of ^{41}K residing in a large Fermi sea of ^{6}Li. We quantify the residual spatial overlap between the two components by measuring three-body recombination losses for variable strength of the interspecies repulsion. A comparison with a numerical mean-field model highlights the importance of the kinetic energy term for the condensed bosons in maintaining the thin interface far into the phase-separated regime. Our results demonstrate a corresponding smoothing of the phase transition in a system of finite size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne S Lous
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabella Fritsche
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Jag
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Lehmann
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emil Kirilov
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bo Huang
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Grimm
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Bastianello A, Piroli L, Calabrese P. Exact Local Correlations and Full Counting Statistics for Arbitrary States of the One-Dimensional Interacting Bose Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:190601. [PMID: 29799218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.190601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We derive exact analytic expressions for the n-body local correlations in the one-dimensional Bose gas with contact repulsive interactions (Lieb-Liniger model) in the thermodynamic limit. Our results are valid for arbitrary states of the model, including ground and thermal states, stationary states after a quantum quench, and nonequilibrium steady states arising in transport settings. Calculations for these states are explicitly presented and physical consequences are critically discussed. We also show that the n-body local correlations are directly related to the full counting statistics for the particle-number fluctuations in a short interval, for which we provide an explicit analytic result.
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12
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Hu J, Urvoy A, Vendeiro Z, Crépel V, Chen W, Vuletić V. Creation of a Bose-condensed gas of 87Rb by laser cooling. Science 2017; 358:1078-1080. [PMID: 29170237 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan5614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Protocols for attaining quantum degeneracy in atomic gases almost exclusively rely on evaporative cooling, a time-consuming final step associated with substantial atom loss. We demonstrate direct laser cooling of a gas of rubidium-87 (87Rb) atoms to quantum degeneracy. The method is fast and induces little atom loss. The atoms are trapped in a two-dimensional optical lattice that enables cycles of compression to increase the density, followed by Raman sideband cooling to decrease the temperature. From a starting number of 2000 atoms, 1400 atoms reach quantum degeneracy in 300 milliseconds, as confirmed by a bimodal velocity distribution. The method should be broadly applicable to many bosonic and fermionic species and to systems where evaporative cooling is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhong Hu
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Alban Urvoy
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zachary Vendeiro
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Valentin Crépel
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wenlan Chen
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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13
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Edler D, Mishra C, Wächtler F, Nath R, Sinha S, Santos L. Quantum Fluctuations in Quasi-One-Dimensional Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:050403. [PMID: 28949743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have revealed that beyond-mean-field corrections are much more relevant in weakly interacting dipolar condensates than in their nondipolar counterparts. We show that in quasi-one-dimensional geometries quantum corrections in dipolar and nondipolar condensates are strikingly different due to the peculiar momentum dependence of the dipolar interactions. The energy correction of the condensate presents not only a modified density dependence, but it may even change from attractive to repulsive at a critical density due to the surprising role played by the transversal directions. The anomalous quantum correction translates into a strongly modified physics for quantum-stabilized droplets and dipolar solitons. Moreover, and for similar reasons, quantum corrections of three-body correlations, and hence of three-body losses, are strongly modified by the dipolar interactions. This intriguing physics can be readily probed in current experiments with magnetic atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Edler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Mishra
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
| | - F Wächtler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Nath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
| | - S Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - L Santos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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14
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Meinert F, Knap M, Kirilov E, Jag-Lauber K, Zvonarev MB, Demler E, Nägerl HC. Bloch oscillations in the absence of a lattice. Science 2017; 356:945-948. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Meinert
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Knap
- Department of Physics, Walter Schottky Institute, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Emil Kirilov
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Jag-Lauber
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hanns-Christoph Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Meinert F, Panfil M, Mark MJ, Lauber K, Caux JS, Nägerl HC. Probing the Excitations of a Lieb-Liniger Gas from Weak to Strong Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:085301. [PMID: 26340191 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.085301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We probe the excitation spectrum of an ultracold one-dimensional Bose gas of cesium atoms with a repulsive contact interaction that we tune from the weakly to the strongly interacting regime via a magnetic Feshbach resonance. The dynamical structure factor, experimentally obtained using Bragg spectroscopy, is compared to integrability-based calculations valid at arbitrary interactions and finite temperatures. Our results unequivocally underlie the fact that holelike excitations, which have no counterpart in higher dimensions, actively shape the dynamical response of the gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Meinert
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Panfil
- SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies and INFN, Sezione di Trieste, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - M J Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Lauber
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J-S Caux
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H-C Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Cui X, Ho TL. Phase separation in mixtures of repulsive Fermi gases driven by mass difference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:165302. [PMID: 23679612 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.165302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We show that phase separation must occur in a mixture of fermions with repulsive interaction if their mass difference is sufficiently large. This phenomenon is highly dimension dependent. Consequently, the density profiles of phase separated 3D mixtures are very different from those in 1D. Noting that the ferromagnetic transition of a spin-1/2 repulsive Fermi gas is the equal mass limit of the phase separation in mixtures, we show from the Bethe ansatz solution that a ferromagnetic transition will take place in the scattering states when the interaction passes through the strongly repulsive regime and becomes attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Cui
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Vignolo P, Minguzzi A. Universal contact for a Tonks-Girardeau gas at finite temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:020403. [PMID: 23383878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We determine the finite-temperature momentum distribution of a strongly interacting 1D Bose gas in the Tonks-Girardeau (impenetrable-boson) limit under harmonic confinement and explore its universal properties associated to the scale invariance of the model. We show that, at difference from the unitary Fermi gas in three dimensions, the weight of its large-momentum tails--given by Tan's contact--increases with temperature and calculate the high-temperature universal second contact coefficient using a virial expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Vignolo
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institut Non Linéaire de Nice, CNRS, 1361 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
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Kormos M, Chou YZ, Imambekov A. Exact three-body local correlations for excited states of the 1D Bose gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:230405. [PMID: 22182072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.230405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We derive an exact analytic expression for the three-body local correlations in the Lieb-Liniger model of 1D Bose gas with contact repulsion. The local three-body correlations control the thermalization and particle loss rates in the presence of terms which break integrability, as is realized in the case of 1D ultracold bosons. Our result is valid not only at finite temperature but also for a large class of nonthermal excited states in the thermodynamic limit. We present finite temperature calculations in the presence of external harmonic confinement within local density approximation, and for a highly excited state that resembles an experimentally realized configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Kormos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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